ANÁLISE DA COVID-19 NA MACRORREGIÃO DE SAÚDE NORTE DE MINAS, BRASIL: dinâmica espacial e redes urbanas

ANALYSIS OF COVID-19 IN THE NORTHERN MINAS HEALTH MACROREGION, BRAZIL: spatial dynamics and urban networksANÁLISIS DE COVID-19 EN LA MACROREGIÓN DE SALUD DEL NORTE DE MINAS, BRASIL: dinámica espacial y redes urbanasRESUMOEste texto analisa o processo de difusão espacial da COVID-19 na Macrorregião de Saúde Norte de Minas. Para isso, contextualiza-se a Rede Urbana de Minas Gerais, focalizando o setor de saúde e os deslocamentos referentes a esse serviço na Macro Norte. Apresenta um diagnóstico e mapeamento dos casos e óbitos de COVID-19 no período de Abril de 2020 a Março de 2021, ápice da crise epidemiológica no Brasil e também nessa região. Utilizou-se uma abordagem qualitativa, levantamento, organização e sistematização de dados de COVID-19 em Minas Gerais, além de produtos cartográficos analíticos e gráficos. No que tange às análises sobre a disseminação do vírus, o conceito de redes urbanas com a ampliação das interações espaciais é importante para a compreensão da dinâmica da pandemia. A análise aponta que com a pandemia os deslocamentos para Montes Claros e demais sedes microrregionais ratificam o desigual acesso da população às estruturas de saúde de alta complexidade e, ainda, reflete o processo rápido de difusão do vírus no território norte mineiro a partir da rede urbana.Palavras-chave: Rede Urbana; COVID-19; Macro Norte.ABSTRACTThis text analyzes the spatial diffusion process of COVID-19 in the Northern Minas Health Macroregion. To this end, the Urban Network of Minas Gerais is contextualized, focusing on the health sector and the displacements related to this service in Macro Norte. It presents a diagnosis and mapping of COVID-19 cases and deaths from April 2020 to March 2021, apex of the epidemiological crisis in Brazil and also in this region. A qualitative approach, survey, organization and systematization of data from COVID-19 in Minas Gerais was used, in addition to analytical and graphical cartographic products. Regarding the analysis of the spread of the virus, the concept of urban networks with the expansion of spatial interactions is important for understanding the dynamics of the pandemic. The analysis points out that with the pandemic, displacements to Montes Claros and other micro-regional headquarters ratify the population's unequal access to highly complex health structures, and also reflects the rapid process of spreading the virus in northern Minas Gerais from the urban network.Keywords: Urban Network; COVID-19; North Macroregion.RESUMENEste texto analiza el proceso de difusión espacial de COVID-19 en la Macrorregión de Salud Norte de Minas. Para ello, se contextualiza la Red Urbana de Minas Gerais, enfocando se en el sector salud y los desplazamientos relacionados con este servicio en Macro Norte. Presenta un diagnóstico y mapeo de casos y muertes de COVID-19 desde abril de 2020 hasta marzo de 2021, ápice de la crisis epidemiológica en Brasil y también en esta región. Se utilizó un enfoque cualitativo, relevamiento, organización y sistematización de los datos del COVID-19 en Minas Gerais, además de productos cartográficos analíticos y gráficos. En cuanto al análisis de la propagación del virus, el concepto de redes urbanas con expansión de interacciones espaciales es importante para comprender la dinámica de la pandemia. El análisis señala que con la pandemia, los desplazamientos a Montes Claros y otras sedes microrregionales ratifican el acceso desigual de la población a estructuras de salud de alta complejidad, y también refleja el rápido proceso de propagación del virus en el territorio norte de Minas Gerais desde el ámbito de la red urbana.Palabras clave: Red Urbana; COVID-19; Macro Norte.

The Wiriyamu Massacre

The Wiriyamu massacre was a case of structurally determined mass violence in Portugal’s colonial wars, not unlike similar massacres during wars of suppression by colonial and White settler powers in Africa. On December 16, 1972, a young captain in the Portuguese colonial army in Mozambique was summoned to the regional headquarters in Tete, then undergoing insurgency. He arrived at the headquarters at 6:30 am and was told to execute Operation Marosca—eradicate insurgents in five villages in Wiriyamu. Wiriyamu’s periphery was then bombed to soften it, after which he and his commando units moved in to demolish the five villages. Three hundred and eighty-five named civilians died in the process. Excluded from this figure are the victims of police torture and the three-day hunt that followed the massacre. There were no insurgent casualties on record. The massacre would have been lost to recorded history had it not been for the role data-collectors, report-smuggling priests, and fact-checking journalists played in producing a list of the dead, mounting a concerted effort to verify and then publicize the massacre, and engaging in a daring rendition of an eye-witness survivor. On July 10, 1973, 206 days after the event, they succeeded to place their story on the front page of The Times. Five days later, the Sunday Times’ Insight Team followed suit with an extensive background coverage of the affair. The Caetano-led Portuguese regime denied the carnage with counter-narratives and protestors on hire. Nine months after the revelations, however, the Portuguese military ousted Caetano. The new regime acknowledged the veracity of The Times’ reports on Wiriyamu. By then, the United Nations had documented the event, publishing it in a report seven months after the coup, on November 22, 1974. That is how the Wiriyamu massacre happened, and how Wiriyamu the narrative, was revealed, denied, contested as recently as 2012 and reaffirmed in three scholarly texts.

The bridging role of regional headquarters. Multinational companies in the Asia-Pacific region

Purpose Large multinational companies (MNCs) are strongly formalized, often standardized and complex with multiple hierarchical levels. Over the past few decades, MNCs have strengthened their coordination and control systems by creating regional headquarters (RHQs). This study aims to investigate how MNCs rearticulate control dimensions at RHQs, to coordinate and exert control over subsidiaries in the Asia-Pacific region. Design/methodology/approach Based on a survey of 86 French MNCs in the Asia-Pacific region, this study applies a structural equation model to determine RHQs’ roles in the field of regional decision-making, coordination and control. Findings Large MNCs, with a significant presence in Asia, transfer coordination and control to RHQs, in a way that leads us to propose the use of the expression “regio-centralization.” RHQs become socialization hubs, where most regional decisions are taken and where international managers meet. MNCs mobilize at the same time expatriates, short-term assignees and local managers who intensively interact at RHQs. Thus, informal control at RHQs increases, partly substituting formal control by HQs. Smaller MNCs, without RHQs, on the contrary, base their control and coordination on the formalization of HQs-subsidiary relations, especially through strong reporting, in combination with centralized decision-making at HQs. Research limitations/implications This study is based on MNCs from one specific country, France, and focuses only on the dynamic Asia-Pacific host region. Coordination and control in less dynamic regions may reveal different results. Originality/value This study leads to a better understanding of how large MNCs reorganize dispersed activities in the Asia-Pacific region by creating RHQs, where important control and coordination functions are relocated.

Epidemiological situation of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in the Rostov region: analysis and forecast

Objective: monitoring, analysis and forecast of the spread of new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in the Rostov region.Materials and methods: analysis of data on the incidence of COVID-19 in the Rostov region, obtained on the basis of agencies: Department of the Federal service for supervision of consumer protection and human welfare in the Rostov region, Center of hygiene and epidemiology in Rostov region, Rostov research Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, as well as the monitoring of information on the Internet sites of the Government of the Rostov region and the regional headquarters for the fight against the spread of COVID-19. Application of the SEIR analytical platform to build a mathematical model for predicting the spread of infection in the Rostov region.Results: the article presents an analysis of the epidemiological situation for the incidence of COVID-19 in the Rostov region, analyzes the effectiveness of preventive and anti-epidemic measures with the ability to predict the development of the epidemiological process in the region.

SUBSCRIPTION CAMPAIGNS OF THE CHSILDREN’S PRESS IN UKRAINE IN THE 1920S AND 1930S

The article explores the practice of organizing the subscription campaign by editorial offices of the children's press, including information, advertising and language tools and resources used to increase the circulation of the editions. The aim of the article is to find out the conditions for the formation of the children’s press system of Soviet Ukraine in the 1920s and 1930s, in particular the means of creating subscription information that reflected the thematic, structural and linguistic features of periodicals. The object of the study are children's (for pioneers, schoolchildren) newspapers and magazines published in Ukraine in the 1920s and 1930s, which used various means of conducting a subscription campaign for children’s audience («Oktiabrskije vshody / October shoots», «Chervoni kvity / Red Flowers», «Pioneriya / Pioneering», «Na zminu / For a Change», «Znannia ta pratsia / Knowledge and Work», «Biuleten’ okruzhnogo biuro KDD i Artemovskogo rajonnogo shtaba kulturno-bytovogo pohoda junyh pionerov / District Bureau Bulletin of CCM [Communist Children’s Movement] and Artemivsk regional headquarters of the cultural and domestic campaign of young pioneers», etc., published in Kharkiv, Kyiv, Artemivsk). In the ideologically marked press of the 1920s and 1930s in Ukraine, in particular for pioneers and schoolchildren, active means of communication can be considered, such as language means (orders, tasks, appeals, obligations, etc.), information and advertising resources (original text messages and specific page design about subscription, preferential prices (reduction of a separate number, set of the newspaper or magazine or subscription), expansion of the subscription network, in particular «by phone call of the commissioner»; holding competitions, receiving prizes in the form of «free оf charge subscription», books or collections), deployment of forms of agitation in order to increase its circulation. Some editors emphasized that children’s magazines were published under the auspices of the People’s Commissariat of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic; prominent literary, pedagogical and party leaders of the country took part in the editions.