Selection and polymorphism of Pasteuria penetrans isolates in relation to Meloidogyne spp. from coffee

Nematology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina Carneiro ◽  
Myrian Tigano ◽  
Camila Lopes Jorge ◽  
Ana Cristina Oliveira Teixeira ◽  
Maria Célia Cordeiro
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Bacterial Isolate ◽  
Arbitrary Sequence ◽  
Pasteuria Penetrans ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Spore Attachment ◽  
Race 2

Abstract Pasteuria penetrans isolates from different geographical areas were tested for the ability of endospores to attach to secondstage juveniles and to colonise females of different populations of Meloidogyne spp. from coffee and other crops. Our results confirm that the spore attachment test cannot be used as the only criterion for screening for the efficiency of the bacterial isolate against nematodes. The percentage of females infected with the bacteria and the endospore concentration in 100 macerated females were the best approaches for screening the highly pathogenic isolates. Using these parameters, it was possible to select some isolates for M. javanica and M. arenaria race 2; one isolate, P12, for the three populations of M. paranaensis, and isolate P10 for the four races of M. incognita from coffee. The isolates exhibited poor pathogenicity on M. hapla, M. exigua, M. graminicola and M. mayaguensis. There was clear evidence that the greatest parasitism occurred when the isolates of P.penetrans were exposed to species of Meloidogyne that were genetically close to that from which the bacteria populations had been originally isolated. The dendrogram obtained from attachment of 18 P. penetrans isolates on 13 Meloidogyne spp. populations clearly defined subgroups of the bacteria related to their geographical origin. RAPD analyses were used for fingerprinting the genomes of P.penetrans isolates. Twenty 10-mer oligonucleotide primers of arbitrary sequence revealed 145 scorable binary characters. Cluster analysis showed a low (61%) to high (80%) level of genetic similarity among the isolates and that phenetic groups were sometimes related to pathogenicity.

Attachment of endospores of Pasteuria penetrans to males and juveniles of Meloidogyne spp.

Nematology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina M.D.G. Carneiro ◽  
Onivaldo Randig ◽  
Leandro G. Freitas ◽  
Don W. Dickson
Keyword(s):  
Rio Grande ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Similar Degree ◽  
Pasteuria Penetrans ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Race 2 ◽  
Pratylenchus Scribneri ◽  
Meloidogyne Sp

Abstract The attachment of endospores to Meloidogyne spp. males and second stage juveniles (J2) was evaluated in two different in vitro assays of seven isolates of Pasteuria penetrans from Florida, USA. In the first assay, endospores of all seven isolates adhered to J2 but not males of M. arenaria race 1. In the second assay, two isolates differed in the specificity of spore attachment to J2 of six Meloidogyne spp. Isolate B4, from Pratylenchus scribneri, showed a similar degree of attachment to J2 of M. arenaria race 2, M. javanica (two populations) and to M. incognita race 3, but did not attach to males of seven species. Isolate P100, from Meloidogyne sp., had high rates of attachment to M. javanica from Rio Grande do Sul State and to M. paranaensis, but lower rates to M. arenaria and M. javanica from Parana State. These data indicate that attachment ability depends not only on the Meloidogyne species but also on the particular population of a species. The high rate of attachment to male but not J2 M. hapla indicates that endospore attachment may also depend upon nematode stage, species, race and population and on Pasteuria isolate. Germinated endospores attached to male M. hapla were examined by scanning electron microscopy but few had successfully penetrated the cuticle. Adhesion des endospores de Pasteuria penetrans aux males et juveniles de Meloidogyne spp. - L'adhesion des spores de Pasteuria penetrans aux males et juveniles de deuxieme stade (J2) de Meloidogyne spp. a ete evaluee lors de deux differents tests in vitro comprenant sept isolats de P. penetrans provenant de Floride, USA. Lors du premier test les endospores des sept isolats ont adhere aux J2 mais non aux males de M. arenaria race 1. Lors du second test deux isolats se sont distingues quant a la specificite de l'adhesion de leurs spores aux J2 de six des especes de Meloidogyne. L'isolat B4, provenant de Pratylenchus scribneri, montre un taux d'adhesion similaire vis-a-vis des J2 de M. arenaria race 2, M. javanica (deux populations) et M. incognita race 3, mais n'adhere aux males d'aucune des sept especes. L'isolat P 100, provenant de Meloidogyne sp., Montre un taux d'adhesion eleve vis-a-vis tant de M. javanica provenant de l'Etat de Rio Grande del Sul que de M. paranensis mais ce taux est faible vis-a-vis de M. arenaria et M. javanica originaires de l'Etat du Parana. Ces donnees indiquent que la faculte d'adhesion depend non seulement de l'espece de Meloidogyne en cause mais egalement de la population particuliere de cette espece. Le taux eleve d'adhesion vis-a-vis des males, mais non des J2, de M. hapla indique que cette adhesion peut dependre du stade de developpement du nematode, de son espece, race ou population ainsi que de l'isolat lui-meme de P. penetrans. Les endospores fixees aux males de M. hapla, et ayant germe, ont ete examinees en microscopie electronique a balayage: peu d'entre elles avaient reussi a traverser la cuticule.

Diversity of the bacterial hyperparasite Pasteuria penetrans in relation to root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) control on Acacia holosericea

Nematology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Duponnois ◽  
Jean Thioulouse ◽  
Mireille Fargette ◽  
Keith Davies ◽  
Sabine Fould
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Substantial Variation ◽  
Pasteuria Penetrans ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Acacia Holosericea ◽  
Spore Attachment ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Root And Shoot Biomass

AbstractPasteuria penetrans isolates sampled from different geographical areas were characterised both for the heterogeneity of the endospore surface using monoclonal antibodies and for the ability of spores to attach to different isolates of Meloidogyne spp. The efficacy of these different Pasteuria isolates as biological control agents was tested in a glasshouse experiment with M. incognita from Senegal on Acacia holosericea. The immunoprofiles divided the P. penetrans isolates broadly differently from the attachment tests. Isolate PP16 from Senegal was associated with better seedling development of M. incognita-inoculated A. holoceria than were other isolates. Substantial variation in root and shoot biomass was not related to the observed variation in spore attachment tests. The difficulties involved in obtaining consistent biological control with Pasteuria are discussed in relation to the high degree of variability of this bacterium. Diversité chez l'hyperparasite bactérien Pasteuria penetrans en relation avec le contrôle du nématode Meloidogyne spp. sur Acacia holosericea - Des isolats de Pasteuria penetrans provenant de différentes régions géographiques ont été caractérisés en ce qui concerne, d'une part l'hétérogénéité de la surface des endospores - par utilisation d'anticorps monoclonaux -, d'autre part la capacité des spores à s'attacher à différentes souches de Meloidogyne spp. L'efficacité de ces différents isolats de P.penetrans en tant qu'agent de contrôle a été testée lors d'une expérience en serre utilisant un M. incognita d'origine sénégalaise et Acacia holosericea. Les isolats de P.penetrans ont montré des différences dans les profils immunologiques, différences non corrélées avec celles observées lors des tests d'attachement. En comparaison avec d'autres isolats, l'isolat PP16 provenant du Sénégal était associé à une meilleure croissance des plants de A. holosericea infestés par M. incognita. La variabilité importante touchant les biomasses aérienne et souterraine ne montrait aucune relation avec les différences observées lors des tests d'attachement. Les difficultés rencontrées pour obtenir un contrôle valable à l'aide de P.penetrans sont discutées en tenant compte du degré important de variabilité chez cette bactérie.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Phytophagous Nematode Surface Coat to Provide New Strategies for Biocontrol

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yitzhak Spiegel ◽  
Michael McClure ◽  
Itzhak Kahane ◽  
B.M. Zuckerman
Keyword(s):  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Surface Coat ◽  
Pasteuria Penetrans ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Spore Attachment ◽  
New Strategies

Chemical composition and biological role of the surface coat (SC) of the root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp. are described. SC proteins of M. incognita race 3 infective juveniles (J2) were characterized by electrophoresis and western blotting of extracts from radioiodine and biotin-labelled nematodes. J2 labelled with radioiodine and biotin released 125I and biotin-labelled molecules into water after 20 hours incubation, indicating that SC proteins may be loosely attached to the nematode. Antiserum to the principal protein reacted with the surface of live J2 and with surface proteins previously separated by electrophoresis. Human red blood cells (HRBC) adhered to J2 of several tylenchid nematodes over the entire nematode body. HRBC adhered also to nylon fibers coated with SC extracted from M. javanica J2; binding was Ca++/Mg++ dependent, and decreased when the nylon fibers were coated with bovine serum albumin, or pre-incubated with fucose and mannose. These experiments support a working hypothesis that RBC adhesion involves carbohydrate moieties of HRBC and carbohydrate-recognition domain(s) (CRD) distributed on the nematode surface. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a surface CRD i the phylum Nematoda. Gold-conjugated lectins and neoglycoproteins combined with silver enhancement have been used for the detection of carbohydrates and CRD, respectively, on the SC of M. javanica J2. Biotin reagents were used to trace surface proteins, specifically, on live J2. The labile and transitory nature of the SC was demonstrated by the dynamics of HRBC adherence to detergent-treated J2, J2 at different ages or fresh-hatched J2 held at various temperatures. SC recovery was demonstrated also by a SDS-PAGE profile. Monoclonal antibodies developed to a cuticular protein of M. incognita J2 gave a slight, but significant reduction in attachment of Pasteuria penetrans spores. Spore attachment as affected by several enzymes was inconsistent: alcian blue, which specifically blocks sulfyl groups, had no afffect on spore attachment. Treatment with cationized ferritin alone or catonized ferritin following monoclonal antibody caused significant decreases in spore attachment. Those results suggest a role in attachment by negatively charged groups.

Cuticle heterogeneity as exhibited by Pasteuria spore attachment is not linked to the phylogeny of parthenogenetic root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.)

Parasitology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.G. DAVIES ◽  
M. FARGETTE ◽  
G. BALLA ◽  
A. DAUDI ◽  
R. DUPONNOIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nematode Species ◽  
Pasteuria Penetrans ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
The Face ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Spore Attachment ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
High Degree

The cuticle is a major barrier prohibiting the infection of nematodes against micro-organisms. The attachment of bacterial spores of the nematode hyperparasite Pasteuria penetrans (PP1) to field populations of root-knot nematodes (RKN, Meloidogyne spp.) from Burkino Faso, Ecuador, Greece, Malawi, Senegal and Trinidad and Tobago were assayed in standard attachment tests. The attachment of spore population PP1 to different field populations of root-knot nematode showed that the rates of attachment differed between countries. Similar tests were also undertaken on P. penetrans spores from these countries against 2 species of RKN, M. incognita and M. arenaria. The results showed a high degree of variability in spore attachment with no clear distinction between the 2 species of nematode. It has been hypothesized that Pasteuria spore attachment is linked to nematode species designations and this study clearly shows that this is not the case. Further tests showed that variation in spore attachment was not linked to nematode phylogeny. The results therefore beg the question of how do parthenogenetic root-knot nematodes maintain cuticle variability in the face of such an aggressive hyperparasite.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity in different populations of sloths assessed by DNA fingerprinting

2002 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. MORAES ◽  
J. S. MORGANTE ◽  
C. Y. MIYAKI
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Dna Fingerprinting ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Similarity Indices ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Related Individuals ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Dna Profiles ◽  
Two Populations

In this study we analyzed a population of Bradypus torquatus with individuals originally distributed in different localities of Bahia, and two populations of B. variegatus with individuals from Bahia and São Paulo States. Using the DNA fingerprinting method, we assessed the genetic variability within and between populations. Analysis of the DNA profiles revealed genetic similarity indices ranging from 0.34 ± 0.07 to 0.87 ± 0.04. Similar low levels of genetic variability were found only in isolated mammalian populations or among related individuals. This study presents the first analyses of genetic diversity in sloth populations.

Development of Pasteuria penetrans on different field populations of Meloidogyne spp. from Pakistan

Nematology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 1003-1010
Author(s):  
Muhammad Kamran ◽  
Nazir Javed ◽  
Huma Abbas ◽  
Sajid Aleem Khan ◽  
Ihsan Ullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Root System ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Pasteuria Penetrans ◽  
Successful Development ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Tomato Roots ◽  
Differential Infectivity ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp

Summary Pasteuria penetrans is a hyperparasite with potential as a biological control agent of root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp. In this study two exotic Pasteuria isolates (PP-3 and PP-J) were developed on different Meloidogyne spp. collected from different districts of Punjab, Pakistan. The development of PP-3 and PP-J on different field populations of Meloidogyne spp. showed differential infectivity in terms of nematode reproduction variables. The development of PP-3 and PP-J was maximum on tomato as compared to cucumber. It was probably due to more invasion sites for nematodes present in the tomato roots. However, a bigger root system has not always been a guarantee for development of Pasteuria on Meloidogyne spp. For successful development of Pasteuria, the key parameters are the percentage of infected females, number of endospores (female)−1 or endospores (mg root powder)−1. The results of these parameters are greater in tomato as compared to cucumber.

The 16S rRNA gene of Pasteuria penetrans provides an early diagnostic of infection of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.)

Nematology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 799-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uma Rao ◽  
Tim H. Mauchline ◽  
Keith G. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Pasteuria Penetrans ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Flexible Approach ◽  
Obligate Parasites ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Early Diagnostic

The molecular interactions between hosts and parasites is an active area of research, and the parasitism of root-knot nematodes, obligate parasites of plants, by the hyper-parasitic bacterium Pasteuria penetrans offers a model by which to investigate aspects of innate immunity. Using a pouch system we were able to demonstrate by PCR, infection of Meloidogyne incognita 4 days prior to any microscopic observations of parasitism. The pouch system, although not strictly axenic, offered a relatively clean, flexible approach with a greatly reduced number of contaminating microbial species than in any soil-based system, whereby the early stages of nematode infection could be manipulated and controlled.

scholarly journals Attachment of Pasteuria penetrans spores on populations of Meloidogyne javanica and M. incognita virulent and avirulent on the Mi gene of resistant tomato

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Tzortzakakis
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Pasteuria Penetrans ◽  
Mi Gene ◽  
Spore Attachment

AbstractSpore attachment of three Pasteuria penetrans isolates was assessed on juveniles of Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne javanica populations from Greece. The nematode populations differed in their ability to reproduce on tomatoes with the Mi gene, conferring resistance to rootknot nematodes. The numbers of attached spores did not discriminate virulent from avirulent populations within each species. The differences in attachment rates probably reflect the specificity of Pasteuria penetrans to different Meloidogyne populations of the same species, within a country or even the same area.

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