Cementing Class Differences: Globalization in Peru

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nusta Carranza Ko
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Economic Globalization ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
South American ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
International Trade Agreements ◽  
Class Differences ◽  
Trade Bloc

Abstract Critics of globalization address how international trade creates inequality and induces class differences in the international global system. Reflecting these thoughts, this paper examines the effects of economic globalization, international trade, and neoliberal-oriented economic policies on cementing class differences in Peru. Through a qualitative assessment of various international trade agreements, Peru’s membership in the regional trade bloc, and the continuing flow of foreign investment into Peru’s textile and natural resource industries, I determine that the so-called “benefits” of economic globalization have yet to reach the Peruvian socio-economic minority and have instead helped in maintaining the class differences in this South American state.

Report: Globalization of Economic Activity: Issues for Tourism

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanaa Fayed ◽  
John Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Economic Globalization ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Distinguishing Features

Economic activity is not only becoming more internationalized, but, more significantly, it is becoming increasingly globalized. Globalization is always regarded as the product of the liberalization that has been the hallmark of economic policy throughout the world during the past decade. It has also set in motion forces working to accelerate liberalization. One of the distinguishing features of trade at the end of the twentieth century and at the start of the new millennium has been the expansion of regional trade agreements and the multilateral agreements. The internationalization of services is at the core of today's economic globalization. Tourism has become one of the most important industries in the world, and its economic impacts are vital for many countries. It has long supported the idea of services agreements and has become a major component in the globalization of international trade, particularly with respect to services. There is no doubt that the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) have assisted the growth of international trade in goods and services. However, the success of such instruments relies upon markets behaving in a Ricardian manner, incorporating the fluidity and transparency that form the substance of those markets.

Classification of International Preferential and Regional Trade Agreements

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 828
Author(s):  
Viktoriia О. HOLUBIEVA
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
International Agreements ◽  
Regional Trade Agreements ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
International Trade Agreements ◽  
Economic Integration Agreements

The article is devoted to comprehensive generalization of features/characteristics of international trade agreements/treaties which introduce/fix certain trade advantages in the tariff and non-tariff spheres. The article identifies fifteen classification features/characteristics of the analyzed international agreements. The features are divided into groups: those simultaneously inherent in all/any mentioned international trade agreements/treaties; those inherent only in international economic integration agreements/treaties; those inherent just in preferential international trade agreements/treaties. Practical relevance: The classification gives an opportunity to suggest some definitions/terms, which take into consideration/involve some separated particulars, namely those of preferential trade agreements, international economic integration agreements, which also include regional trade agreements.

Energy reform will hit investor confidence in Mexico

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
The United States ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Investor Confidence ◽  
International Trade Agreements ◽  
The Government ◽  
Energy Reform

Significance The government will appeal the rulings, which follow action by renewables firms. With constitutional battles over energy investments already unfolding, the future of Mexico’s energy framework has been thrown into turmoil. Impacts Increasing energy prices will probably push inflation above Banxico’s upper target limit of 4%. AMLO’s apparent disregard for international trade agreements will strain relations with the United States. AMLO’s pro-austerity fiscal stance could take a toll on his popularity.

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