Settlements and Resolutions: Consequences of Negotiation Processes in the Laboratory and in the Field

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-338
Author(s):  
Daniel Druckman
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Negotiation Process ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Divorce Mediation ◽  
Large N ◽  
Negotiation Processes ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
Comparative Case Studies ◽  
Mediation Processes

In their 1994 study of divorce mediation, Kressel and his colleagues distinguished between a problem-solving and a settlement-oriented style of mediation. The former led to more integrative agreements and better long-term relationships between the parties than the latter. This distinction has been a basis for a multi-method research program on negotiation and mediation processes in international relations. We have been exploring the consequences of a variety of indicators for outcomes and post-agreement relations among parties. In the laboratory, we have identified the way that sources of conflict (values and interests) lead to processes with different implications for long-term relationships. In case studies, we have identified the political conditions that produce short-term settlements, or stalemates followed by further escalation. In small-N comparative case studies, we have shown how negotiation process and context operate together to influence post-settlement relations and system change. We used a comparison of the conflicts in Karabakh and Mozambique and three cases of base-rights talks as examples. In large-N aggregate case comparisons, we developed empirical profiles of types of negotiation (e.g., innovation vs. re-distribution) with implications for outcomes and relationships as well as the role played by turning points in projecting a process toward agreement and changing escalatory into de-escalatory processes. The variables identified by these studies are organized in terms of a framework that connects issues and objectives, background factors, and conditions with processes, outcomes, and implementation. The framework shows how these variables can lead to integrative agreements.

Integrating Vocational Rehabilitation Into Treatment Programs: Two Case Studies

1990 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Randell ◽  
Lorinda Arella ◽  
Sherry Deren ◽  
Charles Lyles ◽  
Mary Ellen Winfield
Keyword(s):  
Vocational Rehabilitation ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Outpatient Treatment ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Vocational Services ◽  
Vocational Programming ◽  
Long Term Impact

This paper describes an intervention designed to enhance the integration of vocational services in an outpatient treatment setting. The position of “vocational integrator” was created and implemented in two clinics to (a) raise the importance of vocational services, (b) develop vocational skills and resources available to staff, and (c) review and implement policies to facilitate vocational programming. The sequence of tasks necessary to develop and implement this position, and issues arising for the integrators and the clinics are described. Results indicated that some short term increases in vocational activities were found, and a longer time period may be needed to assess the long term impact of this type of intervention.

Resiliency dynamics of norm clusters: Norm contestation and international cooperation

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 570-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S. Lantis ◽  
Carmen Wunderlich
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Nuclear Disarmament ◽  
Comparative Case Studies ◽  
Long Term Impact

AbstractThis study examines the effects of contestation on individual norms that are embedded in larger norm clusters. We define norm clusters as collections of aligned, but distinct norms or principles at the center of a regime. Norm clusters include multiple norms that can be insulated from contestatory challenges by degrees of cohesion, institutionalisation, and legalisation. While some constructivists argue that the most important dynamic to study is ‘robustness’ of individual norms, we contend that ‘resiliency’ of norm clusters offers a richer assessment of prospects for international cooperation and long-term impact on state behaviours. Thus, this study distinguishes conceptually between different structural layers that can generate various effects in conjunction with norm contestation. We add a third, or intervening layer of explanation with norm clusters, between the intersection of norms (lowest layer) and normative structures (broadest layer). To explore this argument, comparative case studies examine the resiliency of two prohibitionary norms – the nuclear disarmament norm within the non-proliferation regime and the norm banning assassination of foreign adversaries, which is not embedded in a regime structure. While the robustness of individual norms may be challenged, our results suggest a role for resilient structures in promoting overall longevity of norm clusters.

Securitization in the Capital Markets Union

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard Kastelein
Keyword(s):  
Capital Markets ◽  
Negotiation Process ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Capital Markets Union ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Commercial Paper ◽  
Application Date ◽  
Primary Focus

On 30 May 2017, the European Parliament, Council, and Commission reached a political agreement on the package of regulatory reforms of the European securitisation market. The package is aimed at facilitating the development of a securitisation market in Europe. The package represents the latest development of a negotiation process that started back in September 2015. The application date is expected to be 1 January 2019. Meanwhile, market participants have expressed uncertainties as to its effectiveness. This chapter considers the risk that the package will have a negative effect on the European securitisation market, resulting in further contraction. The primary focus of the chapter is on the rules on long-term securitisations as opposed to the short-term securitisations (asset-backed commercial paper).

Give Peace a Plan: Peace Plans as Diplomatic Tools and Textual Agents in Conflict Areas

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lior Lehrs
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Bill Clinton ◽  
Secretary General ◽  
Short Term ◽  
International Intervention ◽  
Independent Life ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Mediation Processes ◽  
Kofi Annan

Abstract Various conflict areas have faced situations of deadlock after repeated rounds of violence and failed negotiations. In such cases, international actors have used the strategy of drafting, presenting, and promoting a peace plan that addresses the main issues in the conflict and formulates a basis for negotiation and agreement. The article analyzes peace plans as a strategy in peacemaking, international intervention, and mediation processes in conflict areas, using four case studies: The Contact Group's plan for Bosnia (1994); US President Bill Clinton's plan for Israel–Palestine (2000); United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan's plan for Cyprus (2004); and United Nations Envoy Martti Ahtisaari's plan for Kosovo (2007). The article examines the peace plans as a diplomatic strategy and international practice and explores their influence as a “textual agency” in the long term. It finds that peace plans, though shaped by a specific context, can under certain conditions take on an independent life and have a long-term impact, even if they were rejected and had failed in the short term. The research traces the influence of the plans in various spheres and identifies the main factors that explain the variance in their afterlives. Distintas zonas de conflicto se han enfrentado a situaciones de estancamiento tras varias olas de violencia y negociaciones fallidas. En tales casos, la estrategia de los actores políticos internacionales ha consistido en elaborar, presentar y promover un plan de paz que aborde los principales temas del conflicto y formule una base para la negociación y el acuerdo. El presente artículo analiza los planes de paz como estrategia de pacificación, intervención internacional y procesos de mediación en zonas de conflicto, mediante el uso de cuatro estudios de caso: El plan del Grupo de Contacto para Bosnia [The Contact Group's plan for Bosnia (1994)]; El plan del presidente de los Estados Unidos Bill Clinton para el conflicto palestino-israelí [US President Bill Clinton's plan for Israel–Palestine (2000)]; El plan del secretario general de las Naciones Unidas, Kofi Annan, para Chipre [United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan's plan for Cyprus (2004)]; y el plan del enviado especial de las Naciones Unidas, Martti Ahtisaari, para Kosovo [United Nations Envoy Martti Ahtisaari's plan for Kosovo (2007)]. El presente artículo analiza los planes de paz como estrategia diplomática y práctica internacional, y examina su influencia como “agente de cambio textual” a largo plazo. Se concluye que los planes de paz, si bien están condicionados por un contexto específico, pueden, en determinadas situaciones, tener vida propia y producir un efecto a largo plazo, aunque sean rechazados y hayan fracasado a corto plazo. La presente investigación analiza la importancia de los planes en diversas áreas e identifica los principales factores que explican la variación de sus vidas posteriores. Diverses zones de conflit ont été confrontées à des impasses suite à des séries répétées de violences et d’échecs de négociations. Dans de tels cas, des acteurs internationaux ont eu recours à une stratégie consistant à ébaucher, présenter et promouvoir un plan de paix traitant les principaux problèmes du conflit tout en formulant une base pour une négociation et un accord. Cet article analyse les plans de paix en tant que stratégie des processus de pacification, d'intervention internationale et de médiation dans les zones de conflit en s'appuyant sur quatre études de cas: le plan du Groupe de contact pour la Bosnie (1994), le plan du Président américain Bill Clinton pour le conflit israélo–palestinien (2000), le plan du Secrétaire général des Nations unies Kofi Annan pour Chypre (2004) et le plan de l'Envoyé des Nations unies Martti Ahtisaari pour le Kosovo (2007). L'article examine les plans de paix en tant que stratégie diplomatique et que pratique internationale et explore leur influence en tant « qu'agents textuels » à long terme. Il constate que bien qu'ils soient façonnés par un contexte spécifique, les plans de paix peuvent, sous certaines conditions, survivre de manière indépendante et avoir un impact à long terme, même s'ils ont été rejetés et ont échoué à court terme. Cette recherche retrace l'influence des plans dans diverses sphères et identifie les principaux facteurs qui expliquent la variance de leur survie.

The Long-Term Performance of Nuclear Waste Forms: Natural Materials - Three Case Studies

1992 ◽  
Vol 294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney C. Ewing
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Nuclear Waste ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Waste Form ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Waste Forms ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Term Performance ◽  
Nuclear Waste Forms

ABSTRACTNatural materials may be used to advantage in the evaluation of the long-term performance of nuclear waste forms. Three case studies are presented: (I) radiation effects in ceramic waste forms; (II) corrosion products of U02 under oxic conditions; (III) corrosion rate of nuclear waste glasses. For each case, a natural phase which is structurally and chemically analogous to the waste form is identified and used to evaluate the long-term behavior of a nuclear waste form. Short-term experimental results are compared to the observations made of analogous natural phases. The three case studies illustrate that results may range between providing fundamental data needed for the long-term evaluation of a waste form to only providing qualitative data of limited use. Although in the most rigorous view the long-term behaviour of a phase cannot be predicted, the correspondence between short-term experimental results and observations made of natural phases provides confidence in the “predicted” behavior of the waste form. The strength of this approach rests with the degree to which a mechanistic understanding of the phenomenon is attained.

The Use Of Corticosteroid Injections In The Treatment Of Stenosing Tendovaginits (Trigger Finger): Three Comparative Case Studies

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-101
Author(s):  
Bridget Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Metacarpophalangeal Joint ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Comparative Case Studies ◽  
Number Of Treatment ◽  
Term Benefit ◽  
Corticosteroid Injections ◽  
A1 Pulley ◽  
Surgical Release

Stenosing tendinopathy in the hand commonly occurs at the A1 pulley at the metacarpophalangeal joint. It commences with palmar discomfort during movement, progresses to a painful ‘triggering’ as the patient flexes and extends the digit and ultimately may lead to locking of the digit. A number of treatment options are available – splints, corticosteroid injections and surgery being the most commonly offered. This paper reviews the outcome of three patients presenting with this condition and treated with corticosteroid injections, in the extended scope practice clinic run by a hand therapist. Whilst all patients gained some short-term benefit, two required further injections and one was finally referred for a surgical release. Further analysis of these outcomes highlights the implications of presenting signs and the differences in patient requirements.

scholarly journals Challenges and opportunities in coding the commons: problems, procedures, and potential solutions in large-N comparative case studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elicia Ratajczyk ◽  
Ute Brady ◽  
Jacopo A. Baggio ◽  
Allain J. Barnett ◽  
Irene Perez-Ibarra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Large N ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Commons ◽  
Comparative Case Studies

Financing Digital Product Companies

2010 ◽  
pp. 73-84
Author(s):  
Richard B. Carter ◽  
Frederick H. Dark
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Initial Public Offering ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Digital Product ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Public Offering

Faced with the prospect of positive and negative network externalities and the all-or-nothing phenomenon, digital product (DP) firms must choose the timing of their capital acquisitions carefully. Moreover, with typically high fixed-to-variable cost ratios, the risk to recovering the initial investment is critical. In this chapter the authors discuss various forms of financing for the DP firm, both short-term and long-term, with these issues in mind. But our primary focus is the initial public offering of equity (IPO) and particularly its timing. Through empirical analysis and case studies we show that if DP firms issue too early in their life cycle they may receive a price for their shares that is not commensurate with long-term prospects. However, issuing too late may mean that they either cannot sell shares or are unable to recover their initial investment.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PENERAPAN PSAK 24 TENTANG IMBALAN KERJA PADA PT. ANGKASA PURA I (PERSERO) BANDARA SAM RATULANGI MANADO

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pajow A. Nefry ◽  
Sifrid S. Pangemanan ◽  
Sonny Pangerapan
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Employee Benefits ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Employment Contracts ◽  
Employment Benefits ◽  
Severance Pay ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
Support Research

Employee benefits are rewards give by an entity to workers for services provided by workers or for termination of employment contracts. The purpose of this study was to find out how the application of PSAK 24 concerning Employee Benefits at PT. Angkasa Pura Manado's Sam Ratulangi Airport. This research was conducted with a qualitative descriptive method through case studies at PT. Angkasa Pura I (Persero) Manado's Sam Ratulangi Airport by collecting data through interviews and analysis of documents obtained from companies that support research. The results of the study show that PT. Angkasa Pura I (Persero) has provided all employee benefits according to PSAK 24, namely short-term employee benefits, post-employment benefits, other long-term employee benefits and severance pay. Companies must maintain the application of employee benefits that are in accordance with PSAK 24 and keep up with the latest developments in the regulations on employee benefits in Indonesia.

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