Institutional Care and Family Reintegration: The Transition Process in the Voices of Young Brazilians

This article aims to present reflections on the transition from being institutionalised to autonomous life, from the perspective of deinstitutionalised young Brazilians. Five young adults participated in the pilot study. The Piagetian clinical method was used. Through semi-structured interviews, the following were investigated: causes of institutionalisation, preparation for transition, deinstitutionalisation and perspectives of present and future life. The results indicate that there was no effective preparation for transition from the institution to the family and/or independent life. Biological families have difficulties in achieving (re) integration and overcoming conflicts between parents and children. In conclusion, when leaving institutions, some young people manage to build their own arrangements for a new life trajectory, while others return to contexts of risk and life on the street. Public policies to assist these young people should be prioritised.

Đánh giá hiệu quả phục hồi chức năng hô hấp trên bệnh nhân Covid-19

TÓM TẮT Đặt vấn đề: Bệnh nhân Covid-19 cần kết hợp nhiều phương pháp điều trị trong có phục hồi chức năng hô hấp. Nghiên cứu này giúp đánh giá hiệu quả của Chương trình Phục hồi chức năng (PHCN) hô hấp ở bệnh nhân Covid-19 nặng và nguy kịch. Đối tượng và phương pháp: Nghiên cứu tiến cứu trên mẫu thuận tiện gồm 65 bệnh nhân được chẩn đoán Viêm phổi do Covid-19 mức độ nặng, nguy kịch được điều trị cải thiện tại Trung tâm Hồi sức Tích cực Bệnh viện Trung Ương Huế tại TP Hồ Chí Minh. Đánh giá lại khả năng hồi phục của bệnh nhân sau 1 tuần dựa trên chỉ số SpO2, thang điểm khó thở Borg và thang điểm độc lập sinh hoạt Barthel. So sánh hiệu quả hồi phục chức năng hô hấp chọn kiểm định tổng hạng Wilcoxon. Kết quả: Tuổi nhỏ nhất là 19 tuổi, lớn nhất là 93 tuổi, nhóm bệnh có độ tuổi 50 - 59 chiếm tỷ lệ nhiều nhất, chiếm 29.2 %. Tỷ lệ mắc bệnh ở nữ lớn hơn nam (tương ứng 56,9% và 43,1%). Thời gian đang nằm viện ngắn nhất là 6 ngày, dài nhất là 47 ngày. Các bệnh nhân được tiến hành tập PHCN hô hấp ngay từ đầu khi mới vào viện và suốt quá trình bệnh nằm viện. Tăng huyết áp là yếu tố bệnh nền hay gặp nhất chiếm 61,8%. Các biện pháp hỗ trợ thông khí hay liệu pháp oxy thì sử dụng mask cannula là chủ yếu chiếm 96,5%. SpO2 tăng 98% (95,5 - 99%) lên 99% (97 - 100%) có ý nghĩa thống kê với p < 0.05. Thang điểm khó thở Borg giảm từ 2 (1 - 4) xuống 1 (0,5 - 2) có ý nghĩa thống kê với p < 0,05. Thang điểm độc lập chức năng sinh hoạt Barthel tăng từ 80 (67,5 - 100) lên 100 (80 - 100), có ý nghĩa thống kê với p < 0,05. Kết luận: Chương trình phục hồi chức năng hô hấp góp phần thúc đẩy sự hồi phục của bệnh nhân Covid-19. ABSTRACT EFFECTIVENESS OF PULMONARY REHABILITATION IN COVID-19 PATIENTS Background: Covid-19 patients need a combination of treatment methods, including respiratory rehabilitation. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Respiratory Rehabilitation Program in Covid-19 patients. Methods: A cross - sectional descriptivestudy was carried out in 65 patients with severe and critical Covid-19 pneumonia who were receiving improved treatments at the Intensive Care Center of Hue Central Hospital in Ho Chi Minh City. The patient’s ability to recover after one week was re - evaluated based on SpO2 index, Borg dyspnea scale and Barthel’s independent life scale. The effectiveness of respiratory rehabilitation was compared using the Wilcoxon sum test. Results: The age ranged from 19 to 93 years. The age group from 50 to 59 years old was made up the largest proportion, accounting for 29.2%. The prevalence was higher in women than men (56.9% vs. 43.1%, respectively). The shortest hospital stay was six days, and the longest was 47 days. The patients experienced respiratory rehabilitation exercises from the beginning when they were admitted to the hospital and throughout their stay. Hypertension was the most common underlying disease factor, accounting for 61.8%. Ventilation support measured or oxygen therapy using mask cannula is the main factor accounting for 96.5%. SpO2 statistically increased from 98% (95.5 - 99%) to 99% (97 - 100%) (p < 0.05). The Borg dyspnea scale statistically decreased from 2 (1 - 4) to 1 (0.5 - 2) (p < 0.05). Barthel’s independent functional - life scale statistically increased from 80 (67,5 - 100) to 100 (80 - 100) (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Respiratory rehabilitation program contributes to the recovery of Covid-19 patients Keywords: Respiratory, rehabilitation, Covid-19.

Design Thinking for Technology Supporting Individuals With Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Developing Countries

This research is concerned with analysing the value of using participatory design, and in particular the design thinking methodology, as a basis for the participative development of interfacing technology for use by individuals with neuro-developmental disorders, with a particular focus on developing economies with restrictions in budget and know-how. It becomes crucial as our knowledge expands to ensure that tools developed to assist individuals with neurological disorders to live a full and independent life are designed in conjunction with the users concerned. Inclusive design, however, is not limited to the technology itself, but rather taking into account the individual as well as the wider community in the design. Design needs to also be based in social accessibility to counter stigmas and ableism views. This study found that design thinking has proven to be an effective framework for involving individuals with neuro-developmental disorders to come up with solutions that address their needs and should be used in future implementations in order to assess the results.

COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCES OF FUTURE INTERMEDIATE LEVEL MANAGERS AS A PEDAGOGICAL PHENOMENON

Statement of the problem. Reforming of the professional education system required by conscious choice of secondary school graduates wishing to start their independent life quickly and which guarantees successful start of their career, is connected with corresponding changes in substantive, technological and competence aspects. Blue-collar and white-collar qualifications become popular among young people. The labor market sets new requirements for graduates of secondary vocational schools and this defines the range of professional competences of future intermediate-level managers. The purpose of article is to define psychological and pedagogical bases of formation of communicative competence in future intermediate-level managers. Methodology of research consists of a competent and systematic approach as a basis for structuring of future intermediate-level managers professional competences; State Educational Standard of Secondary Vocational Training in 16.0631.01 Car Mechanics; Federal State Education Standard requirements to the curriculum for training qualified employees. Research results. Composition of competences (general and professional competences) of future intermediate-level managers is identified and substantiated. The main causes of the communication problems are stated: shortcomings in secondary vocational education; inconsistencies of terms in requirements for general competence in the Federal State Education Standard and Car Mechanic Professional Standard. Conclusion. Article defines psychological and pedagogical foundations for development of communicative competences in future car mechanics during learning mathematics. Teacher issues related with choosing a form of collaboration with students in math class are identified.

Halfway Between Byzantium and Serbia: Marriage Provisions of the Second Žiča Charter .

Marking the eight hundred years anniversary of the adoption of the Žiča Charter issued by Stefan Prvovjenčani is more than a good reason to closely examine the provisions of this Charter. If we think about the historical and political context of that time, it becomes clear that the Žiča Charter provides direct information on the formative processes of the Serbian state and church. Žiča was not only the seat of the new Serbian archdiocese, but also had a central role in building the cult of the Nemanjić dynasty and especially of Stefan Prvovjenčani as its first king. The Žiča Charter, one of the oldest Serbian legal monuments, represents the determination of the first Serbian king to create a powerful Serbian state and strengthen the Serbian Orthodox Church, which would be the base of the political and legal program not only for Stefan Prvovjenčani, but also for his successors. This is reminiscent of the „symphony doctrine” that was copied from Byzantium, and in that copying, no branch of law, including marriage law, was spared. The most important part of this Charter are definitely the norms dedicated to marital law, which show that general political tendencies had a huge impact on private law too. Many legal transplants such as the prohibition of arbitrary divorce, the prohibition of kidnaping as a way of separating spouses or dowry institutions have caused radical changes in Serbian marital law; however, they were not immune to transformations under the influence of customary law and attitudes of the society of medieval Serbia. It once again proves the thesis of professor Alan Watson who claimed that legal transplants have their own, independent life in the law system that accepted them. When it comes to Serbian medieval law, that life started very early. The influence of Roman-Byzantine and canon law was already felt in the Nomokanon of Sveti Sava, and then in the Žiča Charter; in later regulations of Serbian medieval law this influence becomes quite obvious. The main topic of this paper will be the process of legal transplantation in marital law from the Byzantine Empire to Serbia and the author will also try to discover and explain certain regularities and deviations in that process. Тhe analysis of the marital provisions of the Žiča Charter is naturally imposed here as a starting point.

The Analysis of Recovery Implementation for Domestic Violence Victims

In Indonesia, the most common forms of domestic violence experienced are physical, sexual, psychological and economic neglect. As a result, it can cause physical and psychological injuries. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the victim's recovery in order to strengthen the victim to be more empowered, both physically and psychologically. This article aims to describe and analyze the recovery implementation for domestic violence victims in Indonesia using the literature review method. The recovery implementation of domestic violence victims is carried out by building communication between relevant stakeholders so that cooperation is established in providing services to victims of domestic violence in accordance with their respective duties and responsibilities. The participation of external parties such as NGOs or women's organizations can assist in providing protection and assistance so that victims can still benefit from the policy even though there are still limitations from the government. The benefits of counseling services can help victims to grow confidence in living life. Empowerment through training can provide provisions for a more independent life. Obstacles faced by the government include: limited budget for handling cases of violence, especially violence against women; the number of assistants and counselors in some areas is still lacking; many room of special service facilities are inadequate and the distribution of safe houses is not evenly distributed in each area.

Artificial Intelligence – (un)justified ambitions and (needless) fears

Artificial Intelligence is undoubtedly one of the greatest achievements of the human intellect; in a sense , it has a creative character, because here one being (i.e. a human) gives (well, maybe not quite yet, but almost) independent life to a different being. The curiosity where this will lead us humans seems to be greater than the questions of anxiety that arise on this occasion. These questions are very diverse and concern almost all aspects of human activity. The interest in the development of new technologies connected with artificial intelligence and with the future is perfectly justified, but what about the risk that is inherent in every invention; moreover, a risk that is usually proportional to its actual importance? This paper contains many questions, not at all original, expressing anxiety, for which we still do not have answers – and probably will not for a long time.

Low Friend Connection Leads to Low Functional Capacity of Older Adults: Findings From a 2-year Longitudinal Study

Maintaining personal connections in geriatric years is important to sustain the functional capacity of older adults. In this study, we define the term functional capacity as the ability to perform tasks and activities necessary for one’s independent life. Meanwhile, the type of personal connection and its effect on functional capacity remain unclear. We classified personal connections into connections with family or friends and examined their association with the functional capacity of independently living Japanese older adults. A two-year longitudinal study (2016 and 2018) was conducted using data from the Kashiwa Cohort Study. The amount of personal connections was determined using the Lubben Social Network Scale. The Japan Science and Technology Agency Index of Competence was used to assess participants’ functional capacity. The change in functional capacity was analyzed by binomial logistic regression analysis (N=638, reference: group with high family and friend connection). The results showed a decline in the functional capacity of the group with low friend and family connections (odds ratio (OR): 0.48, 95%CI: 0.29–0.82). This trend was also seen for the group with a high family connection but low friend connection (OR: 0.43, 95%CI: 0.24–0.78). Meanwhile, there was no significant difference between the reference group and the group with low family but high friend connection (OR: 0.85, 95%CI: 0.47–1.56). The results imply the importance of having a friend for sustainable functional capacity in old age. Interventions that facilitate friend-to-friend interactions or promote new friendships among older adults can be considered as support strategies.