scholarly journals Early Franciscans in England: Sickness, Healing and Salvation

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 439-458
Author(s):  
Peter Murray Jones
Keyword(s):  
Administrative Records ◽  
Religious Vocation ◽  
First Arrival ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract From their first arrival in England in 1224, the Franciscans were concerned with the treatment of ill-health for both practical and spiritual reasons. Many brothers fell sick, and their illnesses required both interpretation and treatment. Some friars practised healing on their brethren and on lay patients. This article will focus on the question of the relationship between the religious vocation of the friars and the exigencies of sickness. Little evidence survives in England in the form of administrative records. But two early Franciscan writings (Tractatus de adventu fratrum minorum in Angliam, and the letters of Adam Marsh OFM, d. 1259) throw significant light on attitudes to illness and practical responses.

Robin Molineux and the Young Ben Franklin: a Reconsideration

1972 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-188
Author(s):  
A. B. England
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Important Thing ◽  
First Arrival ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

Although one feels reluctant to increase the volume of commentary on ‘My Kinsman, Major Molineux’, the work is so rich that it insists on being continuously re-interpreted. And there is one aspect of it in particular which seems to me not to have received adequate attention – namely, its relationship to Franklin's account in the Autobiography of his first arrival in Philadelphia. A few years ago Julian Smith pointed out several of the resemblances, and he convincingly demonstrated the likelihood that the one work had an influence on the other. But he did not go any further than this, and really only began to describe the nature of the relationship. For the most important thing about all of the similarities is that they are accompanied by very suggestive differences. And what I want to argue in this essay is that in writing ‘My Kinsman’ Hawthorne not only remembered Franklin's account of his arrival in Philadelphia, but also sought implicitly to criticize the vision of reality which is embodied in the Autobiography.

scholarly journals Ultrasound longitudinal-wave anisotropy estimation in muscle tissue

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naiara Korta Martiartu ◽  
Saulė Simutė ◽  
Marga B. Rominger ◽  
Thomas Frauenfelder
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Wave ◽  
Orientation Angle ◽  
Transversely Isotropic ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Velocity Of Ultrasound ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Linear Probe ◽  
First Arrival ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Analytical Expressions

<p> The velocity of ultrasound longitudinal waves (speed of sound) is emerging as a valuable biomarker for a wide range of diseases, including musculoskeletal disorders. Muscles are fiber-rich tissues that exhibit anisotropic behavior, meaning that velocities vary with the wave-propagation direction. Quantifying anisotropy is therefore essential to improve velocity estimates while providing a new metric that relates to both muscle composition and architecture. This work presents a method to estimate longitudinal-wave anisotropy in transversely isotropic tissues. We assume elliptical anisotropy and consider an experimental setup that includes a flat reflector located in front of the linear probe. Moreover, we consider transducers operating multistatically. This setup allows us to measure first-arrival reflection traveltimes. Unknown muscle parameters are the orientation angle of the anisotropy symmetry axis and the velocities along and across this axis. We derive analytical expressions for the relationship between traveltimes and anisotropy parameters, accounting for reflector inclinations. To analyze the structure of this nonlinear forward problem, we formulate the inversion statistically using the Bayesian framework. Solutions are probability density functions useful for quantifying uncertainties in parameter estimates. Using numerical examples, we demonstrate that all parameters can be well constrained when traveltimes from different reflector inclinations are combined. Results from a wide range of acquisition and medium properties show that uncertainties in velocity estimates are substantially lower than expected velocity differences in muscle. Thus, our formulation could provide accurate muscle anisotropy estimates in future clinical applications.</p> p { margin-bottom: 0.25cm; line-height: 115%; background: transparent }

Churches and Adult Education in the Edwardian Era: Learning from the Experiences of Hampshire Congregationalists

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 494-510
Author(s):  
Roger Ottewill
Keyword(s):  
Adult Education ◽  
Intellectual Development ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Church Members ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Religious Vocation ◽  
Institutional Church ◽  
The Relationship

Through their enthusiastic embrace of the doctrine of the ‘institutional church’, late Victorian and Edwardian Congregationalists demonstrated their commitment to, inter alia, the intellectual development of church members and adherents. Many churches, large and small, sponsored mutual improvement societies, literary and debating societies and programmes of public lectures, as well as ad hoc talks, covering every conceivable subject from the natural sciences to contemporary social and political issues. What motivated Congregationalists to engage in activities of this kind, and to what extent were they seen as an integral part of their religious vocation? In considering these questions, evidence is drawn from initiatives of two Congregational churches in Edwardian Hampshire: London Street, Basingstoke's Mutual Improvement Society and Avenue, Southampton's annual programme of lectures. What emerges is an approach to ministry that blurred the boundary between the sacred and the secular and a gradual weakening of commitment as churches were superseded by secular providers. In reviewing an under-explored aspect of the relationship between religion and education, the article serves as an addition to the limited literature on this subject.

scholarly journals Ultrasound longitudinal-wave anisotropy estimation in muscle tissue

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naiara Korta Martiartu ◽  
Saulė Simutė ◽  
Thomas Frauenfelder ◽  
Marga B. Rominger
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Wave ◽  
Orientation Angle ◽  
Transversely Isotropic ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Velocity Of Ultrasound ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Linear Probe ◽  
First Arrival ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Analytical Expressions

<p> The velocity of ultrasound longitudinal waves (speed of sound) is emerging as a valuable biomarker for a wide range of diseases, including musculoskeletal disorders. Muscles are fiber-rich tissues that exhibit anisotropic behavior, meaning that velocities vary with the wave-propagation direction. Quantifying anisotropy is therefore essential to improve velocity estimates while providing a new metric that relates to both muscle composition and architecture. This work presents a method to estimate longitudinal-wave anisotropy in transversely isotropic tissues. We assume elliptical anisotropy and consider an experimental setup that includes a flat reflector located in front of the linear probe. Moreover, we consider transducers operating multistatically. This setup allows us to measure first-arrival reflection traveltimes. Unknown muscle parameters are the orientation angle of the anisotropy symmetry axis and the velocities along and across this axis. We derive analytical expressions for the relationship between traveltimes and anisotropy parameters, accounting for reflector inclinations. To analyze the structure of this nonlinear forward problem, we formulate the inversion statistically using the Bayesian framework. Solutions are probability density functions useful for quantifying uncertainties in parameter estimates. Using numerical examples, we demonstrate that all parameters can be well constrained when traveltimes from different reflector inclinations are combined. Results from a wide range of acquisition and medium properties show that uncertainties in velocity estimates are substantially lower than expected velocity differences in muscle. Thus, our formulation could provide accurate muscle anisotropy estimates in future clinical applications.</p><br>

The Opportunities and Challenges of Using Administrative Data Linkages to Evaluate Mobility

2014 ◽  
Vol 657 (1) ◽  
pp. 247-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Johnson ◽  
Catherine Massey ◽  
Amy O’Hara
Keyword(s):  
Census Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Household Surveys ◽  
Program Participation ◽  
Administrative Records ◽  
Great Gatsby ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
The Great Gatsby ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Data Linkages

Since Alan Krueger’s christening of the Great Gatsby curve, there has been increased attention given to the relationship between inequality and intergenerational social mobility in the United States. Studying intergenerational mobility (IGM) requires longitudinal data across large spans of time as well as the ability to follow parents and children over multiple generations. Few longitudinal datasets meet this need. This article surveys available data and the current and potential issues surrounding the use of administrative records to vastly extend the study of IGM. First, we describe the U.S. Census Bureau’s current uses of administrative records in the linkage of households across household surveys such as the Current Population Survey (CPS), American Community Survey (ACS), Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), and the decennial censuses. Then, we describe the possibilities of creating additional parent-child linkages using the SIPP linked to decennial censuses and the ACS. Last, we outline our model to create linkages across earlier census data (e.g., 1980 and 1990) and contemporary surveys.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF PHOTOPERIOD AND TEMPERATURE ON SEEDLING DEVELOPMENT OF OLLI AND VANTAGE BARLEY

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Faris ◽  
Lila Krahn ◽  
A. A. Guitard
Keyword(s):  
Ground Level ◽  
Barley Plant ◽  
Floral Initiation ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Floral Organogenesis ◽  
First Arrival ◽  
Photoperiod Sensitive ◽  
The Relationship

A photoperiod-sensitive cultivar (Vantage) and a non-sensitive cultivar (Olli) of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) were grown under photoperiods of 8, 16, and 24 hr at 13 and 24 °C to study the relationship between apical and vegetative development of the seedling. The high temperature tended to accentuate the effect of short days in extending the vegetative period before floral initiation, but caused a shortening of the period between the formation of double ridges and the first arrival of a node at ground level (NGL). At 13 °C NGL coincided with the formation of stamen initials, but at 24 °C NGL occurred at progressively earlier stages of floral organogenesis as daylengths were shortened to 16 and 8 hr. The results suggest that almost invariably NGL can be used to indicate that floral initiation has occurred in a barley plant, but cannot be used to indicate stage of floral organogenesis under all conditions.

scholarly journals Punishing status and the punishment status quo: Solitary confinement in U.S. Immigration prisons, 2013–2017

2020 ◽  
pp. 146247452096780
Author(s):  
Konrad Franco ◽  
Caitlin Patler ◽  
Keramet Reiter
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Solitary Confinement ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Institution Type ◽  
Administrative Records ◽  
Public Facilities ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Immigration And Customs Enforcement ◽  
The Relationship

This study provides the first systematic, nationally representative analysis of administrative records of solitary confinement placements in any carceral setting. We examine patterns in who experiences solitary confinement in Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) custody, as well as the stated reason for, and length of, their confinement. We reveal several findings. First, cases involving individuals with mental illnesses are overrepresented, more likely to occur without infraction, and to last longer, compared to cases involving individuals without mental illnesses. Second, solitary confinement cases involving immigrants from Africa and the Caribbean are vastly overrepresented in comparison to the share of these groups in the overall detained population, and African immigrants are more likely to be confined for disciplinary reasons, compared to the average. Finally, placement patterns vary significantly by facility and institution type, with private facilities more likely to solitarily confine people without infraction, compared to public facilities. This study offers a lens through which to more precisely theorize the legal boundary-blurring of crimmigration and the relationship between prison and immigration detention policies, to better understand the practice of solitary confinement across carceral contexts, and to analyze the relationship between national-level policy and on-the-ground implementation.

Energies, magnitudes, and amplitudes of seismic waves from quarry blasts at Promontory and Lakeside, Utah

1961 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph W. Berg ◽  
Kenneth L. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Seismic Waves ◽  
Vertical Component ◽  
Seismic Energy ◽  
Velocity Amplitude ◽  
Component Velocity ◽  
First Arrival ◽  
Component Displacement ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The total apparent energy was computed for seismic waves on seismograms obtained at distances of 6.78 and 13.2 km from a blast of 1,221,000 lb of explosives and 22.0 km from a blast of 2,138,000 lb of explosives, at Promontory, Utah. The ratios of the total apparent seismic energy at these distances to the total energy of the explosives were plotted against distance, and the ratios of 0.027 and 0.017 were obtained by extrapolating this plot to zero and 2 km distance from the blasts, respectively. Using the relationship between total apparent seismic energy and magnitude given by Gutenberg and Richter (1956), magnitudes ranging from 4.0 and 3.9 (charge size of 490,500 lb) to 4.6 and 4.4 (charge size of 2,138,000 lb) were computed from the data applicable at zero and 2 km from the large quarry blasts detonated at Promontory and Lakeside, Utah, between 1956 and 1959. For charge sizes ranging from 490,500 lb to 2,138,000 lb, an approximate linear relationship was found to exist between charge size and average record amplitude of the first cycle of the first arrival as measured on vertical-component seismograms obtained at Eureka, Nevada. The average vertical-component displacement amplitude of the first cycle of the first arrival was calculated to diminish by the 1.7 power of the distance between 6.78 and 22.0 km from the above blasts. The average vertical-component velocity amplitude of the first two cycles of the first arrival was calculated to diminish by the 1.8 power of the distance between 90.0 and 279 km from the above blasts.

scholarly journals Ultrasound longitudinal-wave anisotropy estimation in muscle tissue

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naiara Korta Martiartu ◽  
Saulė Simutė ◽  
Marga B. Rominger ◽  
Thomas Frauenfelder
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Wave ◽  
Orientation Angle ◽  
Transversely Isotropic ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Velocity Of Ultrasound ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Linear Probe ◽  
First Arrival ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Analytical Expressions

<p> The velocity of ultrasound longitudinal waves (speed of sound) is emerging as a valuable biomarker for a wide range of diseases, including musculoskeletal disorders. Muscles are fiber-rich tissues that exhibit anisotropic behavior, meaning that velocities vary with the wave-propagation direction. Quantifying anisotropy is therefore essential to improve velocity estimates while providing a new metric that relates to both muscle composition and architecture. This work presents a method to estimate longitudinal-wave anisotropy in transversely isotropic tissues. We assume elliptical anisotropy and consider an experimental setup that includes a flat reflector located in front of the linear probe. Moreover, we consider transducers operating multistatically. This setup allows us to measure first-arrival reflection traveltimes. Unknown muscle parameters are the orientation angle of the anisotropy symmetry axis and the velocities along and across this axis. We derive analytical expressions for the relationship between traveltimes and anisotropy parameters, accounting for reflector inclinations. To analyze the structure of this nonlinear forward problem, we formulate the inversion statistically using the Bayesian framework. Solutions are probability density functions useful for quantifying uncertainties in parameter estimates. Using numerical examples, we demonstrate that all parameters can be well constrained when traveltimes from different reflector inclinations are combined. Results from a wide range of acquisition and medium properties show that uncertainties in velocity estimates are substantially lower than expected velocity differences in muscle. Thus, our formulation could provide accurate muscle anisotropy estimates in future clinical applications.</p> p { margin-bottom: 0.25cm; line-height: 115%; background: transparent }

scholarly journals Punishing Status and the Punishment Status Quo: Solitary Confinement in U.S. Immigration Prisons, 2013-2017

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konrad Franco ◽  
Caitlin Patler ◽  
Keramet Reiter
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Solitary Confinement ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Institution Type ◽  
Administrative Records ◽  
Public Facilities ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Immigration And Customs Enforcement ◽  
The Relationship

This study provides the first systematic, nationally representative analysis of administrative records of solitary confinement placements in any carceral setting. We examine patterns in who experiences solitary confinement in Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) custody, as well as the stated reason for, and length of, their confinement. We reveal several findings. First, cases involving individuals with mental illnesses are overrepresented, more likely to occur without infraction, and to last longer, compared to cases involving individuals without mental illnesses. Second, solitary confinement cases involving immigrants from Africa and the Caribbean are vastly overrepresented in comparison to the share of these groups in the overall detained population, and African immigrants are more likely to be confined for disciplinary reasons, compared to the average. Finally, placement patterns vary significantly by facility and institution type, with private facilities more likely to solitarily confine people without infraction, compared to public facilities. This study offers a lens through which to more precisely theorize the legal boundary-blurring of crimmigration and the relationship between prison and immigration detention policies, to better understand the practice of solitary confinement across carceral contexts, and to analyze the relationship between national-level policy and on-the-ground implementation.

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