Energies, magnitudes, and amplitudes of seismic waves from quarry blasts at Promontory and Lakeside, Utah

1961 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph W. Berg ◽  
Kenneth L. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Seismic Waves ◽  
Vertical Component ◽  
Seismic Energy ◽  
Velocity Amplitude ◽  
Component Velocity ◽  
First Arrival ◽  
Component Displacement ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The total apparent energy was computed for seismic waves on seismograms obtained at distances of 6.78 and 13.2 km from a blast of 1,221,000 lb of explosives and 22.0 km from a blast of 2,138,000 lb of explosives, at Promontory, Utah. The ratios of the total apparent seismic energy at these distances to the total energy of the explosives were plotted against distance, and the ratios of 0.027 and 0.017 were obtained by extrapolating this plot to zero and 2 km distance from the blasts, respectively. Using the relationship between total apparent seismic energy and magnitude given by Gutenberg and Richter (1956), magnitudes ranging from 4.0 and 3.9 (charge size of 490,500 lb) to 4.6 and 4.4 (charge size of 2,138,000 lb) were computed from the data applicable at zero and 2 km from the large quarry blasts detonated at Promontory and Lakeside, Utah, between 1956 and 1959. For charge sizes ranging from 490,500 lb to 2,138,000 lb, an approximate linear relationship was found to exist between charge size and average record amplitude of the first cycle of the first arrival as measured on vertical-component seismograms obtained at Eureka, Nevada. The average vertical-component displacement amplitude of the first cycle of the first arrival was calculated to diminish by the 1.7 power of the distance between 6.78 and 22.0 km from the above blasts. The average vertical-component velocity amplitude of the first two cycles of the first arrival was calculated to diminish by the 1.8 power of the distance between 90.0 and 279 km from the above blasts.

Interpretation of shadowgraph patterns in Rayleigh-Bénard convection

1988 ◽  
Vol 190 ◽  
pp. 451-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Rayleigh Number ◽  
Linear Theory ◽  
Vertical Component ◽  
Fluid Flows ◽  
Bénard Convection ◽  
Benard Convection ◽  
Higher Order Terms ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Rayleigh Benard Convection ◽  
Rayleigh Benard

The relationship between observations of cellular Rayleigh-Bénard convection using shadowgraphs and theoretical expressions for convection planforms is considered. We determine the shadowgraphs that ought to be observed if the convection is as given by theoretical expressions for roll, square or hexagonal planforms and compare them with actual experiments. Expressions for the planforms derived from linear theory, valid for low supercritical Rayleigh number, produce unambiguous shadowgraphs consisting of cells bounded by bright lines, which correspond to surfaces through which no fluid flows and on which the vertical component of velocity is directed downwards. Dark spots at the centre of cells, indicating regions of hot, rising fluid, are not accounted for by linear theory, but can be produced by adding higher-order terms, predominantly due to the temperature dependence of a material property of the fluid, such as its viscosity.

The Structural Stability of the Concentration-Performance Relationship in Food Manufacturing

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
Stephen E. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Organization ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Structural Stability ◽  
Market Performance ◽  
Continuous Linear ◽  
Food Manufacturing ◽  
The Relationship

The literature of industrial organization is replete with analyses of the relationship between seller concentration and market performance. Most researchers have hypothesized a continuous linear relationship between profitability and concentration and have estimated that relationship accordingly.

Measuring Strains for Hematite Phase in Sinter Ore by Electron Backscattering Diffraction Method

2006 ◽  
Vol 326-328 ◽  
pp. 237-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasushi Sasaki ◽  
Manabu Iguchi ◽  
Mitsutaka Hino
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Strain Gauge ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
Local Strain ◽  
Electron Backscattering ◽  
Hematite Phase ◽  
Compression Strain ◽  
Electron Backscattering Diffraction ◽  
Ebsd Technique ◽  
The Relationship

Based on the relationship between quantified blurring degree of Kikuchi bands obtained by an electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD) technique and macroscopic strains measured by a strain gauge, the local compression strain SEBSD in sinter ore has been evaluated under various conditions. There is a good linear relationship between the SEBSD and the strains measured by a strain gauge. The local strain SEBSD evaluated by EBSD patterns can be used as an index of local strains.

LA MESURE DE L’INTERFÉRENCE DU CHIENDENT DANS L’ORGE

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. RIOUX
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Linear Relation ◽  
Shoot Density ◽  
Yield Variability ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Agropyron Repens

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ’Champlain’) was grown with quackgrass (Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv.) at various densities for 3 yr. According to the regression analysis, a linear relation is appropriate to describe the relationship between yield of barley and biomass or density of quackgrass. A greater proportion of yield variability was explained by density (64%) than by biomass (40%). Density is then a better criterion than biomass to predict yield lost in barley. The linear relationship between barley yield and the shoot density of quackgrass is estimated by the following equation: yield barley = 345.3–0.5682 dens, quackgrass. An increase of 10 shoots/m2 in the mean density of quackgrass resulted in a mean loss of 6 g/m2 in the yield of barley.

scholarly journals Methods of Controlling Lift - off in Conductivity Invariance Phenomenon for Eddy Current Testing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongwen Jin ◽  
Yuwei Meng ◽  
Rongdong Yu ◽  
Ruochen Huang ◽  
Mingyang Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Eddy Current ◽  
Coating Thickness ◽  
Test Sample ◽  
Common Point ◽  
Coil Design ◽  
Current Testing ◽  
Lift Off ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
The Relationship

<p>Previously, a conductivity invariance phenomena (CIP) has been discovered – at a certain lift-off, the inductance change of the sensor due to a test sample is immune to conductivity variations, i.e. the inductance – lift-off curve passes through a common point at a certain lift-off, termed as conductivity invariance lift-off. However, this conductivity invariance lift-off is fixed for a particular sensor setup, which is not convenient for various sample conditions. In this paper, we propose using two parameters in the coil design – the horizontal and vertical distances between the transmitter and the receiver to control the conductivity invariance lift-off. The relationship between these two parameters and the conductivity invariance lift-off is investigated by simulation and experiments and it has been found that there is an approximate linear relationship between these two parameters and the conductivity invariance lift-off. This is useful for applications where the measurements have restrictions on lift-off, e.g. uneven coating thickness which limits the range of the lift-off of probe during the measurements. Therefore, based on this relationship, it can be easier to adjust the configuration of the probe for a better inspection of the test samples.</p>

scholarly journals Increment in the volcanic unrest and number of eruptions after the 2012 large earthquakes sequence in Central America

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gino González ◽  
Eisuke Fujita ◽  
Bunichiro Shibazaki ◽  
Takumi Hayashida ◽  
Giovanni Chiodini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Seismic Waves ◽  
Dynamic Stress ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Large Magnitude ◽  
Tectonic Earthquakes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Large Earthquakes

AbstractUnderstanding the relationship cause/effect between tectonic earthquakes and volcanic eruptions is a striking topic in Earth Sciences. Volcanoes erupt with variable reaction times as a consequence of the impact of seismic waves (i.e. dynamic stress) and changes in the stress field (i.e. static stress). In 2012, three large (Mw ≥ 7.3) subduction earthquakes struck Central America within a period of 10 weeks; subsequently, some volcanoes in the region erupted a few days after, while others took months or even years to erupt. Here, we show that these three earthquakes contributed to the increase in the number of volcanic eruptions during the 7 years that followed these seismic events. We found that only those volcanoes that were already in a critical state of unrest eventually erupted, which indicates that the earthquakes only prompted the eruptions. Therefore, we recommend the permanent monitoring of active volcanoes to reveal which are more susceptible to culminate into eruption in the aftermath of the next large-magnitude earthquake hits a region.

scholarly journals Hubungan Kepercayaan Diri Siswa dengan Pemahaman Konsep Matematis Siswa Kelas XI MIA 1 SMAN 3 Lubuk Basung Kabupaten Agam

Horizon ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 698-711
Author(s):  
Vuve Ona Rahma Suci ◽  
Melisa .Melisa ◽  
Hamdunah .Hamdunah
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Mathematical Concepts ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

The ability to understand concepts is one of the goals of mathematical ability. One of the factors for the lack of ability to understand concepts is self-confidence. This study aims to determine the relationship between students' self-confidence and understanding of mathematical concepts in class XI MIA SMAN 3 Lubuk Basung Kabupaten Agam.This study uses inferential research where inferential research is a study that tests a hypothesis, and relates one variable to another with quantitative analysis. The subjects of this study were students of class XI MIA 1 SMAN 3 Lubuk Basung. The research instrument used was a self-confidence questionnaire and a test for understanding mathematical concepts. The data analysis technique used is simple linear regression analysis and product moment correlation.Based on data analysis, the regression coefficient of the questionnaire score (b) is with a significant level of 0.05 because the regression coefficient (b) is positive, so there is a positive effect of X on Y. It means that the bigger X, the bigger Y on average. The close linear relationship between X and Y can be seen from the correlation coefficient r = where r approaches 1, then a positive linear relationship between X and Y so that it can be concluded that the bigger X, the greater Y and self-confidence has a positive influence on the ability to understand concepts of class XI students. MIA 1 SMAN 3 Lubuk Basung Kabupaten Agam.

scholarly journals Welfare and the depth of informality: Evidence from five African countries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva-Maria Egger ◽  
Cecilia Poggi ◽  
Héctor Rufrancos
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Household Head ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hours Worked ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Relationship

This study explores the relationship between household poverty and depth of informality by proposing a new measure of informality at the household level. It is defined as the share of activities (hours worked or income earned) without social insurance for wage workers in the household. We apply cross-sectional regressions to five urban sub-Saharan African countries, showing that a household head informality dummy obscures a non-linear relationship between the depth of household informality and welfare outcomes. In some countries, a small share of income from formal jobs is associated with at least the same welfare as a fully formal portfolio. By assessing transitions between household portfolios with panel data for urban Nigeria, we also show that most welfare differences are explained by selection and that movements in and out of formality cannot sufficiently change welfare trajectories. The results call for better inclusion of informal profiles to social insurance programmes.

scholarly journals Weather Prediction using Advanced Machine Learning Techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 2089 (1) ◽  
pp. 012059
Author(s):  
G. Hemalatha ◽  
K. Srinivasa Rao ◽  
D. Arun Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Weather Condition ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Prediction of weather condition is important to take efficient decisions. In general, the relationship between the input weather parameters and the output weather condition is non linear and predicting the weather conditions in non linear relationship posses challenging task. The traditional methods of weather prediction sometimes deviate in predicting the weather conditions due to non linear relationship between the input features and output condition. Motivated with this factor, we propose a neural networks based model for weather prediction. The superiority of the proposed model is tested with the weather data collected from Indian metrological Department (IMD). The performance of model is tested with various metrics..

scholarly journals Government Size and Corruption: A Non-linear Analysis in the Case of EMCCA

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Assoumou Ondo ◽  
Beau Jency Owono Ondo
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Linear Analysis ◽  
Government Size ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This article analyzes the relationship between Government size and corruption. Unlike the works in the way which suppose a linear relationship between the two variables, we estimate a panel with change of the modes to characterize the impact of the size of the Central Government on corruption, in the countries of the economic community and monetary of Central Africa (EMCCA). The results show that there is a non-linear relationship between these two variables. Indeed, a strong involvement of the Government in economic activity results in a significant increase in corruption when the Government exceeds a size of 13.5508% of the GDP.

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