scholarly journals EFFECT OF PHOTOPERIOD AND TEMPERATURE ON SEEDLING DEVELOPMENT OF OLLI AND VANTAGE BARLEY

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Faris ◽  
Lila Krahn ◽  
A. A. Guitard
Keyword(s):  
Ground Level ◽  
Barley Plant ◽  
Floral Initiation ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Floral Organogenesis ◽  
First Arrival ◽  
Photoperiod Sensitive ◽  
The Relationship

A photoperiod-sensitive cultivar (Vantage) and a non-sensitive cultivar (Olli) of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) were grown under photoperiods of 8, 16, and 24 hr at 13 and 24 °C to study the relationship between apical and vegetative development of the seedling. The high temperature tended to accentuate the effect of short days in extending the vegetative period before floral initiation, but caused a shortening of the period between the formation of double ridges and the first arrival of a node at ground level (NGL). At 13 °C NGL coincided with the formation of stamen initials, but at 24 °C NGL occurred at progressively earlier stages of floral organogenesis as daylengths were shortened to 16 and 8 hr. The results suggest that almost invariably NGL can be used to indicate that floral initiation has occurred in a barley plant, but cannot be used to indicate stage of floral organogenesis under all conditions.

Effect of Photoperiod and Temperature on Flowering in Pea (Pisum sativum L.)

1979 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 573 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Berry ◽  
Y Aitken
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Photoperiod Response ◽  
Floral Initiation ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Flowering Genes ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Temperature Interaction ◽  
Photoperiod Sensitive ◽  
The Relationship

Six pea varieties, early to late flowering, were grown in 16 environments made up of all combinations of four mean daily temperatures (6, 12, 18 or 24°C) and four photoperiods (8, 12, 16 or 24 h). For the earliest variety, days from sowing to first flower was inversely proportional to temperature, and independent of photoperiod. Sensitivity to photoperiod in the other five varieties was temperature-dependent. At 24°C, all were photoperiod-sensitive, but at 6°C only the latest three varieties were sensitive. Flowering was most rapid at 24°C in 24-h photoperiod. However, the lowest node of first flower occurred in 24 h photoperiod, irrespective of temperature. The duration of the period from floral initiation to first flower was independent of variety and photoperiod. Thus, any differences in flowering between varieties arose prior to floral initiation. These differences are explained by three factors: different times to floral initiation in 24 h photoperiod, a photoperiod response in low temperature, and a photoperiod-temperature interaction. These factors are related to the flowering genes Lf, Sn and Hr and the 'units of maturity genotype'. The likely genotypes of the varieties are deduced from the reported action of these genes. Vernalization is interpreted in terms of high-temperature inhibition of flowering in short photoperiods. The effect of temperature on the relationship between node of first flower and days from sowing to floral initiation, and the influence of genotype and growing season on flowering time, are also discussed.

Barley seed storage under controlled conditions

2019 ◽  
pp. 140-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. Zadorozhna ◽  
T. P. Shyianova ◽  
M.Yu. Skorokhodov
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Storage

Seed longevity of 76 spring barley gene pool samples (Hordeum vulgare L. subsp. distichon, convar. distichon: 56 nutans Schubl., two deficience (Steud.) Koern., two erectum Rode ex Shuebl., two medicum Koern.; convar. nudum (L.) A.Trof.: one nudum L. та subsp. vulgare: convar. vulgare: nine pallidum Ser., three rikotense Regel.; convar. coeleste (L.) A.Trof.: one coeleste (L.) A.Trof.) from 26 countries, 11 years and four places of reproduction was analyzed. Seeds with 5–8% moisture content were stored in chamber with unregulated and 4oC temperature. The possibility of seed storage under these conditions for at least 10 years without significant changes in germination has been established. The importance of meteorological conditions in the formation and ripening of seeds for their longevity is confirmed. The relationship between the decrease of barley seeds longevity and storage conditions, amount of rainfall, temperature regime during the growing season of plants is discussed.

Day-length influence on reproductive development and tillering in ‘Fergus’ barley

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (23) ◽  
pp. 2770-2775 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. Fairey ◽  
L. A. Hunt ◽  
N. C. Stoskopf
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Floral Initiation ◽  
Internode Elongation ◽  
Spikelet Number ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Initial Formation ◽  
Double Ridge

Effects of variation in day length on spikelet and tiller development were studied in a two-rowed barley, Hordeum vulgare L. cultivar ‘Fergus.’ Spikelet number and the length of the spikelet-forming phase increased with progressive reductions in day length from 24 to 12 h. However, increases in spikelet number were offset by abortion of spikelet primordia during spikelet differentiation and elongation of the stem internodes. Floral initiation occurred at all day lengths, but intemode elongation and heading were markedly delayed at 12 h. The cessation of spikelet initial formation and the beginning of internode elongation did not occur simultaneously in any day length. The latter began just before or at double ridge formation.Tiller numbers were highest at 12 h and progressively decreased in longer day lengths. Each plant produced four primary tillers at all day lengths, and differences in tiller number were accounted for by secondary and tertiary tiller production.

LA MESURE DE L’INTERFÉRENCE DU CHIENDENT DANS L’ORGE

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. RIOUX
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Linear Relation ◽  
Shoot Density ◽  
Yield Variability ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Agropyron Repens

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ’Champlain’) was grown with quackgrass (Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv.) at various densities for 3 yr. According to the regression analysis, a linear relation is appropriate to describe the relationship between yield of barley and biomass or density of quackgrass. A greater proportion of yield variability was explained by density (64%) than by biomass (40%). Density is then a better criterion than biomass to predict yield lost in barley. The linear relationship between barley yield and the shoot density of quackgrass is estimated by the following equation: yield barley = 345.3–0.5682 dens, quackgrass. An increase of 10 shoots/m2 in the mean density of quackgrass resulted in a mean loss of 6 g/m2 in the yield of barley.

scholarly journals Exploring the relation between aerosol optical depth and PM<sub>2.5</sub> at Cabauw, the Netherlands

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 17939-17986 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Schaap ◽  
A. Apituley ◽  
R. M. A. Timmermans ◽  
R. B. A. Koelemeijer ◽  
G. de Leeuw
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Fair Weather ◽  
Modis Aod ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Lidar Observations ◽  
Pm2.5 Concentration

Abstract. To acquire daily estimates of PM2.5 distributions based on satellite data one depends critically on an established relation between AOD and ground level PM2.5. In this study we aimed to experimentally establish the AOD-PM2.5 relationship for the Netherlands. For that purpose an experiment was set-up at the AERONET site Cabauw. The average PM2.5 concentration during this ten month study was 18 μg/m3, which confirms that the Netherlands are characterised by a high PM burden. A first inspection of the AERONET level 1.5 (L1.5) AOD and PM2.5 data at Cabauw showed a low correlation between the two properties. However, after screening for cloud contamination in the AERONET L1.5 data, the correlation improved substantially. When also constraining the dataset to data points acquired around noon, the correlation between AOD and PM2.5 amounted to R2=0.6 for situations with fair weather. This indicates that AOD data contain information about the temporal evolution of PM2.5. We had used LIDAR observations to detect residual cloud contamination in the AERONET L1.5 data. Comparison of our cloud-screed L1.5 with AERONET L2 data that became available near the end of the study showed favorable agreement. The final relation found for Cabauw is PM2.5=124.5*AOD–0.34 (with PM2.5 in μg/m3) and is valid for fair weather conditions. The relationship determined between MODIS AOD and ground level PM2.5 at Cabauw is very similar to that based on the much larger dataset from the sun photometer data, after correcting for a systematic overestimation of the MODIS data of 0.05. We applied the relationship to a MODIS composite map to assess the PM2.5 distribution over the Netherlands. Spatial dependent systematic errors in the MODIS AOD, probably related to variability in surface reflectance, hamper a meaningful analysis of the spatial distribution of PM2.5 using AOD data at the scale of the Netherlands.

scholarly journals Archiving Metaxourgio

2021 ◽  
pp. 167-184
Author(s):  
Thomais Kordonouri
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
The Way

‘Archive’ is a totality of records, layers and memories that are collected. A city is the archive that consists of the conscious selection of these layers and traces of the past and the present, looking towards the future. Metaxourgio is an area in the wider historic urban area of Keramikos in Athens that includes traces of various eras, beginning in the Antiquity and continuing all the way into the 21st century. Its archaeological space ‘Demosion Sema’ is mostly concealed under the ground level, waiting to be revealed. In this proposal, Metaxourgio is redesigned in light of archiving. Significant traces of the Antiquity, other ruins and buildings are studied, selected and incorporated in the new interventions. The area becomes the ‘open archive’ that leads towards its lost identity. The proposal aims not only to intensify the relationship of architecture with archaeology, but also to imbue the area’s identity with meanings that refer to the past, present and future.

Landscape view, height preferences and apartment prices: evidence from major urban areas in Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 701-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andi Nidaul Hasanah ◽  
Muhammad Halley Yudhistira
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Semiparametric Regression ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Negative Externalities ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Relative Value ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Extensive List

Purpose Landscape view is a crucial factor in house-buying decisions. Landscape views provide an amenity to residents, and this can influence the house or apartment owners in their residence decisions. Yet, the relative value of different types of view potentially differs. Additionally, the value of each type of view may differ depending on an apartment’s elevation above the ground level. In this study, the authors aim to estimate the value of landscape views on apartment prices in major urban areas in Indonesia. Design/methodology/approach This paper evaluates to what extent various landscape views including mountain, sea, river, lake, street, urban village, garden and sports center views affect apartment prices in major urban areas in Indonesia. Two hedonic regression approaches are used: ordinary least squares and semiparametric regression. The latter is used to accommodate a possible non-linearity in the relationship between price and apartment characteristics. The model also incorporates housing and locational characteristics as control variables. Findings Using online apartment market data, the estimates in this paper show some degree of heterogeneity in the value of various views to the extent of providing negative externalities. Mountain, street and sports center views are associated with higher apartment prices. Sea, lake and garden views are statistically insignificant in explaining the prices. In contrast, the unappealing nature of the rivers and their surrounding creates a negative impact on prices. The estimates also suggest that an apartment’s floor height plays a significant role in the valuation of views. Originality/value There is little research on landscape view effects on apartment prices, especially in Indonesia. In addition, the relationship between the value of views and height preferences has seldom been analyzed. This paper provides the valuation of an extensive list of landscape views in urban areas in Indonesia. The estimation results also suggest that the value of views may differ depending on the floor on which an apartment lies.

Chondrilla juncea L. in Australia. I. Some factors affecting flowering

1966 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 457 ◽  
Author(s):  
EG Cuthbertson
Keyword(s):  
Dark Period ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Photoperiodic Response ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Floral Initiation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Chondrilla Juncea

The interaction between day length and vernalization, and the influence of growth temperature on flowering, in Chondrilla juncea L. (skeleton weed) have been studied. Bolting and floral initiation in unvernalized plants were suppressed in a 9-hr photoperiod. Increasing the photoperiod beyond 12 hr resulted in progressively earlier bolting and floral initiation, the critical day length being slightly less than 12 hr. Interrupting a 16-hr dark period by 1 hr of low-intensity light near its centre caused some plants to flower. Prior vernalization further accelerated bolting and flowering and reduced the dependence on day length. Vernalization, however, was not an obligate requirement. Post-bolting development was favoured by high temperatures. It was concluded that flowering in skeleton weed occurred in two stages. The first or photo-inductive phase was controlled by at least two partial processes. These were vernalization and a photoperiodic response in which the length of the dark period was the critical factor. The relationship of the flowering processes to the distribution of skeleton weed in Australia is discussed briefly.

No-till alfalfa stand termination strategies: Alfalfa control and wheat and barley production

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Bullied ◽  
M. H. Entz ◽  
S. R. Smith Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Unique Problem ◽  
Crown Area ◽  
No Till ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
The Relationship

Crop rotations involving perennial alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) present the unique problem of terminating the alfalfa stand. Intensive tillage currently used to terminate alfalfa increases the risk of soil erosion and reduces many of the rotational benefits from alfalfa. Inadequate alfalfa termination results in severe competition to the following crop by surviving alfalfa plants. Field experiments were conducted in Manitoba between 1991 and 1993 with the following objectives: 1) to investigate no-till vs. tillage management systems for successful alfalfa termination, 2) to compare fall vs. spring alfalfa termination, 3) to compare the performance of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seeded into alfalfa residue, and 4) to determine the relationship between alfalfa escapes and grain yield. Fall termination produced higher grain yields than spring termination, however this advantage was only achieved with the better termination treatments capable of lowering alfalfa regrowth below a critical level. The best herbicide treatment tested here was glyphosate at 1.78 kg a.i. ha−1. Successful treatments would have to reduce residual alfalfa basal crown area (a measure of alfalfa regrowth potential) after cereal grain harvest to below 2%. Alfalfa escapes reduced yield of following wheat and barley crops similarly (P > 0.05). When alfalfa termination treatment method allowed some regrowth, in-crop herbicide treatments significantly reduced alfalfa basal crown area. Results of this study indicate that it is feasible to terminate alfalfa with herbicides in the absence of tillage, however an overall cropping strategy, including adequate consideration of weeds present in alfalfa fields at time of termination, must be considered. Key words: Herbicides, competition, recropping, no-till, alfalfa regrowth, soil conservation, sustainable cropping

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document