Why Are Some Flag States Unable or Unwilling to Address IUU Fishing?

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 487-512
Author(s):  
Eve de Coning

Abstract This article is based on an analysis carried out by a group of experts from the North Atlantic Fisheries Intelligence Group into the flagging pattern of IUU fishing vessels. The article argues that the inability and unwillingness of some flag states to exercise due diligence to ensure that vessels on their register do not engage in IUU fishing may be explained by reference to the market demand and supply of ship registers that provide shipowners with favourable conditions to limit costs and mitigate risks. Some of these ship registers are established and managed by foreign private companies on commercial outsourcing contracts on behalf of economically vulnerable governments, and some of these governments may as a result lack the knowledge, expertise and resources to effectively address IUU fishing of vessels flying their flag.

1892 ◽  
Vol 34 (872supp) ◽  
pp. 13940-13941
Author(s):  
Richard Beynon

2019 ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
Oleh Poshedin

The purpose of the article is to describe the changes NATO undergoing in response to the challenges of our time. Today NATO, as a key element of European and Euro-Atlantic security, is adapting to changes in the modern security environment by increasing its readiness and ability to respond to any threat. Adaptation measures include the components required to ensure that the Alliance can fully address the security challenges it might face. Responsiveness NATO Response Force enhanced by developing force packages that are able to move rapidly and respond to potential challenges and threats. As part of it, was established a Very High Readiness Joint Task Force, a new Allied joint force that deploy within a few days to respond to challenges that arise, particularly at the periphery of NATO’s territory. NATO emphasizes, that cyber defence is part of NATO’s core task of collective defence. A decision as to when a cyber attack would lead to the invocation of Article 5 would be taken by the North Atlantic Council on a case-by-case basis. Cooperation with NATO already contributes to the implementation of national security and defense in state policy. At the same time, taking into account that all decision-making in NATO based on consensus, Ukraine’s membership in the Alliance quite vague perspective. In such circumstances, in Ukraine you often can hear the idea of announcement of a neutral status. It is worth reminding that non-aligned status did not save Ukraine from Russian aggression. Neutral status will not accomplish it either. All talks about neutrality and the impossibility of Ukraine joining NATO are nothing but manipulations, as well as recognition of the Ukrainian territory as Russian Federation area of influence (this country seeks to sabotage the Euro-Atlantic movement of Ukraine). Think about it, Moldova’s Neutrality is enshrined in the country’s Constitution since 1994. However, this did not help Moldova to restore its territorial integrity and to force Russia to withdraw its troops and armaments from Transnistria.


2018 ◽  
Vol 601 ◽  
pp. 109-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
N McGinty ◽  
AD Barton ◽  
NR Record ◽  
ZV Finkel ◽  
AJ Irwin

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