Reconciling State’s Sovereignty with Global Norms: Indonesia’s Quiet Diplomacy in Myanmar and the Feasibility of the Implementation of Responsibility to Protect (R2P) in Southeast Asia

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-36
Author(s):  
Mohamad Rosyidin
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
Humanitarian Aid ◽  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
Responsibility To Protect ◽  
The West ◽  
Global Norms ◽  
Naming And Shaming

In spite of optimistic views on the feasibility of the R2P operationalisation in Southeast Asia, reconciling global norms with regional principles is not an easy task given the cult of sovereignty that inhibits socialisation and implementation of R2P. Using the case study of Indonesia’s foreign policy implementation in Myanmar, this article demonstrates that asean’s (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) non-interference principle does not necessarily negate R2P norms. Indonesia’s approach in Myanmar reflects Pillar 2 of R2P which underlines the importance of equal sovereignty and the greater role of trusted partners. Indonesia’s preference to quiet diplomacy instead of naming and shaming or utilising sanctions is an effective way to open Myanmar’s resistance. At the same time, the pledge of Indonesia’s humanitarian aid to Rohingya refugees represents alternative instruments of Pillar3 aside from the use of force. This argument implies that intervention does not always require coercion against authoritarian regimes, as employed by the West for decades.

scholarly journals 32. Humanitarian intervention in world politics

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex J. Bellamy ◽  
Nicholas J. Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Humanitarian Intervention ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
World Politics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
The West ◽  
Protection Goals

This chapter examines the role of humanitarian intervention in world politics. It considers how we should resolve tensions when valued principles such as order, sovereignty, and self-determination come into conflict with human rights; and how international thought and practice has evolved with respect to humanitarian intervention. The chapter discusses the case for and against humanitarian intervention and looks at humanitarian activism during the 1990s. It also analyses the responsibility to protect principle and the use of force to achieve its protection goals in Libya in 2011. Two case studies are presented, one dealing with humanitarian intervention in Darfur and the other with the role of Middle Eastern governments in Operation Unified Protector in Libya in 2011. There is also an Opposing Opinions box that asks whether the West should intervene in Syria to protect people there from the Islamic State (ISIS).

Localising Global Norms: The Case of Family-Friendly Parliaments

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Palmieri ◽  
Kerryn Baker
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Institutional Context ◽  
Norm Diffusion ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Family Friendly ◽  
Global Norms

Abstract In this article, we extend empirical understandings of feminist institutionalism by outlining a new methodological approach to the study of parliament as a gendered workplace. We argue that while a localised approach to studying institutional change allows a more nuanced appreciation of the role of local cultural context, internationalised norms can be an interesting starting point to work back from. A case study of the New Zealand parliament’s ‘family-friendly’ workplace practices illustrates this methodological approach. By tracing the establishment of family-friendly practices in this parliament, our study shines a light on the intractable nature of local institutional context in global norm diffusion and hints at the next phase of work required to further the agenda of transformational gender-sensitive parliaments.

scholarly journals The Tallinn Manuals and the Making of the International Law on Cyber Operations

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-86
Author(s):  
Papawadee Tanodomdej
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
Political Activism ◽  
Customary International Law ◽  
State Practice ◽  
The Right ◽  
International Experts

The Tallinn Manuals (the Manuals) attempted to clarify how to apply existing international law to cyber operations. Though the Manuals are non-binding instruments, the Group of International Experts claimed that they reflected the lex lata applicable to cyber operations. However, this claim is questionable due to the dominating role of a few Western states in the drafting process and the linked neglect of the practice of “affected states” in cyber operations. This article examines the quality of the Manuals’ drafting process and the composition and impartiality of the experts involved. It focuses on the issue of the prohibition of the use of force. The aim of this examination is not to discuss whether the Manuals provided the right answer to the question of how international law applies to cyber operations. Rather, they function as a case study of how legal scholarship may affect the making of international law. The article concludes that certain rules in the Manuals are marked by NATO influence and overlook the practice of other states engaged in cyber operations. Therefore, the Manuals disregard the generality of state practice, which should be the decisive factor in the formation of customary international law. As far as “political activism” may be involved, the article argues that the role of legal scholars as assistants to the cognition of international law could be compromised.

The Literati and the Dao

2019 ◽  
pp. 373-392
Author(s):  
Scott Lash
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Holy Roman Empire ◽  
Roman Law ◽  
Nation State ◽  
The West ◽  
Imperial State

This chapter develops the argument that China is a civilizational state and follows a trajectory different from that of the Western nation-state. Weber is correct in selecting features of Chinese culture and social and political structure that stand in contrast to Western forms of rationalization: the role of magic, the particularism of guilds, the absence of the Western polis and Roman law, and the universalism demanded of Christianity in contrast to the religions of southeast Asia. Following Sheldon Pollock’s The Language of the Gods in the World of Men, the nature of language itself differentiates Latin in the West, Sanskrit in south and southeast Asia, and Chinese analogical language in China. Language, or langue-pensée, has a determining effect on stratification and configurations of power, especially in the development of the vernacularization of language as a precondition for the nation-state. China, in contrast to India and the West, resisted vernacularization. It is as if the West had kept to the Latin of the Holy Roman Empire. The nature of Chinese language therefore is intrinsic to the civilization and imperial state in China to this day.

scholarly journals Cultures of anarchy: Images of Russia in the narrative of Norwegian mainstream news media during the Ukraine crisis 2014

2019 ◽  
pp. 175063521986402
Author(s):  
Nina M Bjørge ◽  
Øyvind Kalnes
Keyword(s):  
Social Theory ◽  
News Media ◽  
International Politics ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
The West ◽  
Strategic Narratives ◽  
Ukraine Crisis ◽  
Cross National

This article examines the role of the news media through a case study of the narratives about the 2014 Ukraine crisis in three major Norwegian newspapers. The conflict also contained a ‘war’ between competing strategic narratives from the involved actors, with a potential for cross-national cascades into the Norwegian narrative. The authors’ focus is on the framing of Russia during the most dramatic month of March 2014. They applied the images related to Wendt’s cultures of anarchy (see Social Theory of International Politics, 1999) to classify the framing of Russia. The Norwegian media narrative was relatively consistent in framing Russia as choosing a path leading away from being a rival of Norway and the West, towards becoming their enemy. This was close to the narrative of the Norwegian government and in clear opposition to the Russian narrative. While this supports Hoskins and O’Loughlin’s ‘arrested war’ hypothesis (published in Information, Communication & Society, 2015), it also raises questions about professional media norms.

The Kingdom of God and the Common School: PROTESTANT MINISTERS AND THE EDUCATIONAL AWAKENING IN THE WEST

1966 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Tyack
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Kingdom Of God ◽  
The West ◽  
Common Schools ◽  
Protestant Clergy ◽  
Common School ◽  
The Common

Using early Oregon as a case study, the author analyzes the crucial role of the Protestant clergy in the establishment of American common schools.

Capitalism as Nineteenth-Century Colonialism and Its Impacts on Native Californians

Ethnohistory ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte K. Sunseri
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Mono Lake ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
The West ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis article analyzes the impact of colonialism on nineteenth-century Native California communities, particularly during the American annexation of the West and capitalist ventures in mining and milling towns. Using the case study of Mono Lake Kutzadika Paiute employed by the Bodie and Benton Railroad and Lumber Company at Mono Mills, the lasting legacies of colonialism and its impacts on contemporary struggles for self-determination are explored. The study highlights the role of capitalism as a potent form of colonialism and its enduring effects on tribes’ ability to meet federal acknowledgment standards. This approach contributes to a richer understanding of colonial processes and their impacts on indigenous communities both historically and today.

Waiting for the real dragon

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-239
Author(s):  
Christian Collet
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
Modernization Theory ◽  
The West ◽  
Southeast Asians ◽  
Strong Linkage ◽  
Change Tolerance ◽  
And Gender

Southeast Asia is the world’s most diverse and rapidly modernizing region, yet one where modernization theory is challenged (e.g. Bell et al., 1995) and where allegiance to authoritarian regimes appears trenchant (Chang et al., 2013; Dalton and Shin, 2014). Using the AsiaBarometer, I consider the influence of modernization and allegiance on potential democratization by analyzing an established indicator of assertive change: tolerance of homosexuality (Inglehart and Welzel, 2005: Ch. 5, forthcoming). The findings reveal differences between Southeast Asians and the West and between citizens in the Sinic and Indic subregions. Exposure to foreign cultures produces a significant increase in tolerance among Sinicized citizens, but has no meaningful effect on those in Indic states. Patriotism and trust in civil society also boost tolerance among Sinicized citizens, but reduce the probability of tolerance among citizens in Indic states. The strong linkage between sexual tolerance and gender equality driven by social factors and secularism in the West does not manifest in Southeast Asia. While the findings suggest potential for change in the Sinicized region, they underscore the different effects that globalization and allegiance may have on citizens living under Southeast Asia’s variety of regimes.

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