scholarly journals Ancyrocephalidae (Monogenea) of Lake Tanganyika: Does the Cichlidogyrus parasite fauna of Interochromis loocki (Teleostei, Cichlidae) reflect its host’s phylogenetic affinities?

2015 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Pariselle ◽  
Maarten Van Steenberge ◽  
Jos Snoeks ◽  
Filip A.M. Volckaert ◽  
Tine Huyse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lake Tanganyika ◽  
Habitat Choice ◽  
Parasite Fauna ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Monogenean Parasite ◽  
Tanganyikan Cichlid ◽  
Faunal Diversity ◽  
Phylogenetic Affinities ◽  
Attachment Organ ◽  
Species Flocks

The faunal diversity of Lake Tanganyika, with its fish species flocks and its importance as a cradle and reservoir of ancient fish lineages seeding other radiations, has generated a considerable scientific interest in the fields of evolution and biodiversity. The Tropheini, an endemic Tanganyikan cichlid tribe, fills a peculiar phylogenetic position, being closely related to the haplochromine radiations of Lakes Malawi and Victoria. Several problems remain regarding their genus-level classification. For example, the monotypic genus Interochromis is phylogenetically nested within Petrochromis; its only representative, I. loocki, has often been reclassified. As monogenean flatworms are useful markers for fish phylogeny and taxonomy, the monogenean fauna of Interochromis loocki was examined and compared to that of other tropheine cichlids. Three new monogenean species belonging to Cichlidogyrus are described from Interochromis loocki: Cichlidogyrus buescheri Pariselle and Vanhove, sp. nov., Cichlidogyrus schreyenbrichardorum Pariselle and Vanhove, sp. nov. and Cichlidogyrus vealli Pariselle and Vanhove, sp. nov. Their haptoral anchors remind more of congeners infecting species of Petrochromis than of all Cichlidogyrus spp. hitherto described from other tropheine cichlids. Attachment organ morphology has been proven to mirror the phylogenetic affinities of Cichlidogyrus lineages. Therefore the monogenean parasite fauna of I. loocki reflects this host’s position within Petrochromis. Moreover, I. loocki differs in habitat choice from Petrochromis spp. This study hence confirms that host range and host-specificity in Cichlidogyrus spp. parasitizing tropheines is determined by the host’s phylogenetic position, rather than by a shared ecological niche.

scholarly journals OnProphocaandLeptophoca(Pinnipedia, Phocidae) from the Miocene of the North Atlantic realm: redescription, phylogenetic affinities and paleobiogeographic implications

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard Dewaele ◽  
Olivier Lambert ◽  
Stephen Louwye
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Middle Miocene ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Appendicular Skeleton ◽  
Original Diagnosis ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Phylogenetic Affinities

BackgroundProphocaandLeptophocarepresent the oldest known genera of phocine seals, dating from the latest early to middle Miocene. Originally,Prophoca rousseauiandProphoca proximawere described based on fragmentary remains from the Miocene of Belgium. However, several researchers contested the union ofProphoca rousseauiandProphoca proximainto one genus, without providing evidence. The stratigraphic context ofProphocaremained poorly constrained due to the lack of precise data associated with the original specimens collected in the area of Antwerp (north of Belgium).MethodsProphocaandLeptophocaare redescribed and their phylogenetic position among Phocidae is reassessed using PAUP. Dinoflagellate biostratigraphy has been carried out on sediment samples associated with specimens fromProphocaandLeptophocato elucidate their approximate ages.ResultsWhereas the speciesProphoca rousseauiis redescribed,Prophoca proximais considered synonymous toLeptophoca lenis, with the proposal of a new combinationLeptophoca proxima(Van Beneden, 1877). Sediment samples from specimens of both taxa have been dated to the late Langhian–early Serravallian (middle Miocene). Following a reinvestigation ofLeptophoca amphiatlantica, characters from the original diagnosis are questioned and the specimens ofLeptophoca amphiatlanticaare consideredLeptophocacf.L. proxima. In a phylogenetic analysis,Prophoca rousseauiandLeptophoca proximaconstitute early branching stem-phocines.DiscussionLeptophoca proximafrom the North Sea Basin is younger than the oldest known find ofLeptophoca proximafrom North America, which does not contradict the hypothesis that Phocinae originated along the east coast of North America during the late early Miocene, followed by dispersal to Europe shortly after. Morphological features of the appendicular skeleton indicate thatProphoca rousseauiandLeptophoca proximahave archaic locomotory modes, retaining a more prominent use of the fore flipper for aquatic propulsion than extant Phocidae.

scholarly journals Solution to the phylogenetic enigma of Tetraplatia , a worm-shaped cnidarian

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen G Collins ◽  
Bastian Bentlage ◽  
George I Matsumoto ◽  
Steven H.D Haddock ◽  
Karen J Osborn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Plan ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Recent Origin ◽  
Phylogenetic Affinities

Tetraplatia is a genus containing two species of pelagic cnidarians of curious morphology. Their vermiform shape and four swimming flaps are difficult to relate to the features of other cnidarians, thus obscuring their phylogenetic affinities. Since their discovery in the mid-1800s, a number of prominent cnidarian workers have weighed in on this conundrum, some arguing that they are aberrant hydrozoans and others concluding that they are unusual scyphozoans. Current taxonomic practice conforms to the latter view. However, data presented here from the large and small subunits of the nuclear ribosome leave little doubt that Tetraplatia is in fact a hydrozoan genus. Indeed, its precise phylogenetic position is within Narcomedusae, as some authors had previously deduced based on structural characters. The distinctive body plan of Tetraplatia is remarkable because it appears to have a recent origin, in contrast to the prevailing pattern of metazoan history.

The Structure of the Attachment Organ of Lernaeopodidae (Crustacea: Copepoda)

1972 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 1015-1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Kabata ◽  
B. Cousens
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Parasitic Copepods ◽  
Attachment Organ ◽  
Freshwater Teleosts

The morphology and the anatomy of the bulla, a unique attachment organ of the parasitic copepods belonging to Lernaeopodidae (Caligoida) is described. By their anatomy the bullae can be divided into three types, associated with three groups of fishes: freshwater teleosts, marine teleosts, and elasmobranchs. The evolution of Lernaeopodidae is briefly outlined. The authors point out that the type of the bulla appears independent of the phylogenetic position of the parasite but is related only to the type of the host. It is concluded that the bulla is more than an attachment organ and that it enters into physiological association with the tissues of the fish.

scholarly journals Weak population structure and recent demographic expansion of the monogenean parasite Kapentagyrus spp. infecting clupeid fishes of Lake Tanganyika, East Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 471-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikol Kmentová ◽  
Stephan Koblmüller ◽  
Maarten Van Steenberge ◽  
Joost A.M. Raeymaekers ◽  
Tom Artois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Lake Tanganyika ◽  
Demographic Expansion ◽  
Monogenean Parasite

scholarly journals On the origin of the Synodontis catfish species flock from Lake Tanganyika

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 548-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia J Day ◽  
Mark Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Lake Tanganyika ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Species Flock ◽  
East African ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Fossil Calibration ◽  
Mtdna Sequence ◽  
Species Flocks

Species flocks within Great Lakes provide unique insights into the factors affecting diversification. Lake Tanganyika (LT) is of particular interest because it contains many endemic groups for which general factors affecting diversification can be discerned. Here, we present the first phylogenetic study of the LT Synodontis (Siluriformes, Mochokidae) species flock using mtDNA sequence data. Our data reveal some previously unrecognized species diversity and indicate that the LT species flock is not monophyletic, and that two closely related clades of endemics may have independently colonized LT. Other comparable small species flocks are characterized by a single colonization event. Molecular date estimates of the timing of the initial within-lake diversification of the LT endemics, based on a fossil calibration, are comparable to those reported for other groups, suggesting that extrinsic factors maybe important common causes of clade diversification. The basal divergence in the sampled Synodontis reveals an East–West African faunal split seen in many terrestrial, but few aquatic groups, the timing of which coincides with East African rifting events.

scholarly journals Integrative Taxonomic, Ecological and Genotyping Study of Charophyte Populations from the Egyptian Western-Desert Oases and Sinai Peninsula

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1157
Author(s):  
Abdullah A. Saber ◽  
Andrey A. Gontcharov ◽  
Arthur Yu. Nikulin ◽  
Vyacheslav Yu. Nikulin ◽  
Walaa A. Rayan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Western Desert ◽  
Freshwater Wetland ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Sinai Peninsula ◽  
Algal Group ◽  
Integrative Study ◽  
Phylogenetic Affinities

Present-day information available on the charophyte macroalgae in Egypt, including their phylogenetic affinities, remains largely incomplete. In this study, nine charophyte populations were collected from different aquatic biotopes across the Egyptian Western-Desert Oases and Sinai Peninsula. All populations were investigated using an integrative polyphasic approach including phylogenetic analyses inferred from the chloroplast-encoded gene (rbcL) and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS1) regions, in parallel with morphotaxonomic assignment, ultrastructure of the oospore walls, and autecology. The specimens identified belonged to the genera Chara, Nitella, and Tolypella, with predominance of the first genus to which five species were assigned though they presented some interesting aberrant taxonomic features: C. aspera, C. contraria, C. globata, C. tomentosa, and C. vulgaris. Based on our integrative study, the globally rare species C. globata was reported for the second time for the whole African continent. The genus Nitella was only represented by N. flagellifera, and based on the available literature, it is a new record for North Africa. Noteworthy, an interesting Tolypella sp., morphologically very similar to T. glomerata, was collected and characterized and finally designated with the working name ‘Tolypella sp. PBA–1704 from a desert, freshwater wetland’, mainly based on its concatenated rbcL+ITS1 phylogenetic position. This study not only improved our understanding on the diversity, biogeography and autecological preferences of charophytes in Egypt, but it also broadened our knowledge on this vulnerable algal group in North Africa, emphasizing the need of more in-depth research work in the future, particularly in the less–impacted desert habitats.

scholarly journals Maternal Care-Providing Cichlid Neolamprologus furcifer Selectively Focuses on High-Threat Carnivorous Intruders, Limiting Attention to Other Threats

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shun Satoh ◽  
Takashi Hotta ◽  
Masanori Kohda
Keyword(s):  
Detection Probability ◽  
Lake Tanganyika ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Tanganyikan Cichlid ◽  
Threat Level ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Brain ◽  
High Threat

Animals adjust their behaviors based on information from multiple sources; however, the brain can effectively process limited amounts of information. Therefore, attention is restricted to a small portion of environmental stimuli. When animals process multiple information inputs, focusing on information that is deemed important improves detection probability. However, selective focus limits attention to other stimuli and associated behavioral responses. In this study, we examined how Tanganyikan cichlid, Neolamprologus furcifer, mothers selectively attack intruder fishes depending on the threat level and presence or absence of offspring. Species composition is complicated in Lake Tanganyika, and fish density is exceedingly high. Thus, parents must focus on high-threat-level intruders according to their parental care stage. Compared to females without offspring, mothers preferentially attacked carnivorous fishes farther from the nest over closer scale-eating fishes. Moreover, the percentage of females with injuries from scale-eating fish was significantly higher in those caring for offspring than those without offspring, demonstrating the cost of limited attention. Our results show that females focus on the early detection of carnivorous fishes because these predators dart in from long distances to forage eggs, fry, and juveniles, but this selective focus limits the attention placed on low-level threats. This study is the first to document the cost of limited attention in parents guarding offspring.

scholarly journals Evolution of opercle shape in cichlid fishes from Lake Tanganyika - adaptive trait interactions in extant and extinct species flocks

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura A. B. Wilson ◽  
Marco Colombo ◽  
Marcelo R. Sánchez-Villagra ◽  
Walter Salzburger
Keyword(s):  
Lake Tanganyika ◽  
Extinct Species ◽  
Cichlid Fishes ◽  
Adaptive Trait ◽  
Species Flocks
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