Phylogenetic relationships and biogeographic considerations of four new species of Cnemalobus (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from Patagonia

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eider Ruiz-Manzanos ◽  
Sergio Roig-Juñent ◽  
Federico Agrain ◽  
Paula Sackmann ◽  
Marcelo Tognelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sister Species ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Mountain Habitats ◽  
Geographical Scale ◽  
Northwestern Region ◽  
Apical Group

AbstractFour new species of Cnemalobus Guérin-Ménéville, 1838 (Carabidae) from the northern steppe of Patagonia and extra-Andean mountains are described in this work. Two of these species, Cnemalobus nevado sp. n. and Cnemalobus diamante sp. n., are from the Payunia (Argentina), the northernmost region of Patagonia. One species, C. somuncura sp. n., is from the vicinity of the Somuncurá Plateau. The other species, Cnemalobus troll sp. n., is from the northwestern steppe. Illustrations and keys for these new species are provided. The phylogenetic relationships among the new species were defined using a cladistic analysis for the genus Cnemalobus, based on 56 characters of the external morphology and male and female genitalia. The cladogram showed that C. nevado sp. n. and C. diamante sp. n. comprise a monophyletic group that is the adelphotaxon of an apical clade of species that mainly inhabit mountain habitats in central Chile. Cnemalobus somuncura sp. n. and C. troll sp. n. are also sister species and comprise the apical group of the Patagonian species. Cnemalobus nevado and C. diamante occur in the Payunia, and their distribution is restricted to different mountains and are isolated from each other. Given that these two mountains are 200 km apart, it is not likely that dispersal has occurred in these large and flightless species. The ancestral species might have been broadly distributed, and, as a result of habitat changes, they became isolated into restricted habitats in the upper part of each mountain, where speciation might have occurred. The other two new species, C. somuncura and C. troll, are placed in the group of Patagonian species that inhabit the lowlands or plateaus. Distributional data, together with phylogeny, showed that the sister species of Cnemalobus have an allopatric distribution. Strict sympatry (same locality) occurs in the northwestern region of the Patagonian Steppe. Nevertheless, this strict sympatry may be an artifact of geographical scale. For example, within the same area, some species may inhabit grasslands next to forests, while other species inhabit only steppe areas.

Systematic position and cladistic analysis of Gyrasida Koch, a remarkable genus of Praocini (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) from Chile

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 1978 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
GUSTAVO E. FLORES ◽  
PEDRO VIDAL
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
The Other ◽  
External Morphology ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Generic Status ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

Gyrasida Koch (Pimeliinae: Praocini), distributed in central Chile is elevated to generic status and transferred from Asidini to Praocini on the basis of constant tribal level characters. Prior to this study Gyrasida was considered a subgenus of the South African Afrasida Wilke. Character states of Gyrasida shared with the other genera of Praocini and not shared with genera of Asidini are discussed. A cladistic analysis of the six species of the genus is presented including: G. propensa (Wilke) (type species), G. lucianoi Flores & Vidal, G. fernandoi Flores & Vidal, G. tomasi Vidal, G. franciscae Vidal, and G. camilae Vidal. This article includes a redescription of the genus, habitus photographs, illustrations of external morphology and genitalic features, a cladogram, and a distribution map.

Phylogeny and re-definition of the genus Melanophora (Diptera: Rhinophoridae), with description of a new species from Sardinia

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2318 (1) ◽  
pp. 552-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
PIERFILIPPO CERRETTI ◽  
THOMAS PAPE
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Generic Delimitation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species

A cladistic analysis of the genus Melanophora Meigen, 1803 (type-species: Musca grossificationis Linnaeus, 1758 [= Musca roralis Linnaeus, 1758]) is presented and the generic delimitation is critically redefined. The nominal genus-group taxon Bequaertiana Curran, 1929 (type-species: Bequaertiana argyriventris Curran, 1929) is synonymised with Melanophora Meigen syn. nov. The following new combinations are proposed: Melanophora argyriventris (Curran, 1929) comb. nov. and Melanophora basilewskyi (Peris, 1957) comb. nov. Melanophora chia sp. nov. from SW Sardinia is described, illustrated and compared with the other known species of the genus. The male of Melanophora asetosa Kugler, 1978 is described for the first time. Melanophora basilewskyi (Peris, 1957) is recorded from Kenya for the first time.

Description of a new Geodipsas snake from northern Madagascar (Squamata: Colubridae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 1093 (1) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
VINCENZO MERCURIO ◽  
FRANCO ANDREONE
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sister Species ◽  
A New Species

We describe a new species of the colubrid snake genus Geodipsas from the rainforests of the Anjanaharibe-Sud and Tsaratanana massifs, northern Madagascar. Geodipsas fatsibe n. sp. differs from the other described species of the genus in the following characteristics: 21 rows of dorsal scales at midbody, high number of ventral (198) scales and by the presence of very large hooked spines on the hemipenis. Geodipsas fatsibe is most similar to Geodipsas infralineata. Most likely they are sister species, with a vicariant northern vs. central southern distribution.

A new species of Tabularia (Kützing) Williams & Round from Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Province, China, with a cladistic analysis of the genus and their relatives

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 373 (3) ◽  
pp. 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUE CAO ◽  
PAN YU ◽  
QINGMIN YOU ◽  
REX L. LOWE ◽  
DAVID M. WILLIAMS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
New Species ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Poyang Lake ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Jiangxi Province ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Scanning Electron

A new species of Tabularia, Tabularia sinensis, is described from the inland Poyang Lake (Jiangxi Province), the largest lake in China. The description is based on light and scanning electron microscope observations of valve and girdle elements. Given the diversity of forms in the genus, the relationships and status of the genus was investigated in the context of the other known species in the genus and to ascertain if Tabularia, as originally circumscribed, remains monophyletic.

Revision of theHesperempisgenus group (Diptera: Empidoidea: Empididae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 146 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-210
Author(s):  
Jeffrey M. Cumming ◽  
Scott E. Brooks ◽  
Toyohei Saigusa
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Palaearctic Region ◽  
Southwestern China ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
Western Palaearctic ◽  
Nearctic Region

AbstractTheHesperempisgenus group is revised. The group includesDryodromiaRondani andHesperempisMelander, withMelanderalusÖzdikem and Başar andToreusMelander newly synonymised withHesperempis,newsynonymy.DryodromiaincludesD. testaceaRondani from the western Palaearctic andD. yunnanicaCumming and Saigusanew speciesfrom southwestern China.HesperempisincludesH. anatolicaCumming and Brooksnew species,H. mabelae(Melander),H. neomexicana(Melander)newcombination,H. sanducaMelander, andH. vesperaCumming and Brooksnew speciesfrom the Nearctic Region, as well asH. melinaCumming and Saigusanew species,H. nipponicaCumming and Saigusanew species, andH. sibiricaShamshev from the Palaearctic Region. A key to the two genera and 10 species is provided, and a cladistic analysis is presented. A new interpretation of the homologies of the male terminalia is proposed for this lineage, and the phylogenetic relationships and zoogeographic history of the group are discussed.

A review of the systematics and phylogeny of the African Proteaceae

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 267 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Rourke
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
The South ◽  
Savannah Woodland

In Africa the Proteaceae are represented by 16 genera of which two (Dilobeia Thouars. and Malagasia L.Johnson and B.Briggs) are endemic to Madagascar and one (Faurea Harv.) is common to both Madagascar and Africa where it is widespread in forest and savannah woodland from the southern Cape to Eritrea. The remaining 13 genera are Cape-centred (10 are endemic to the western Cape) and with the exception of the monotypic riverine Brabejum L. (Grevilleoideae), are confined to fynbos (heathland) communities on oligotrophic soils. These 12 Cape heathland genera currently assigned to two subtribes (Proteinae and Aulacinae) within the subfamily Proteoideae have all been recently revised or are in the final stages of revision. Preliminary cladistic studies now suggest that they could be arranged in several new subtribes within the subfamily Proteoideae to reflect more accurately their phylogenetic relationships. Using morphological characters in a cladistic analysis, the South African Proteoideae (tribe Proteeae) resolve into two broad groups; Aulax Berg., Faurea Harv. and Protea L. form a weakly supported group while the second, large, well-supported group resolves into two clades in which the heterogeneous Leucadendron R.Br. stands apart while the other clade underpinned by Vexatorella Rourke resolves into two further groups, the ‘Leucospermum group’ and the ‘Serruria group’. The dioecious genera Leucadendron and Aulax previously united in the subtribe Aulacinae have been shown to differ markedly and should probably be placed in separate subtribes. Selection pressure, especially from fire and pollinators, has resulted in major morphological modifications in the 12 fynbos genera from the western Cape.

Phidon chanco sp. nov. of cockroach from the coastal forest of central Chile (Insecta: Blattaria)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4712 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-126
Author(s):  
ALEJANDRO VERA S.
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
The Other ◽  
Female Genitalia ◽  
Coastal Forest ◽  
Coastal Forests ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Native Flora ◽  
Median Triangle

Phidon chanco sp. nov. is the first species of the genus where both sexes are described Male and female genitalia are described and illustrated using SEM. The new species can be distinguished from the other members of the genus, by the existence of brachypterism in both sexes; in males the median triangle of the sternum IX is long, sclerotised, and its apex strongly armed with numerous denticles; in females the tergite X is emarginate. The new species is distributed exclusively in the coastal forests of central Chile, in association with remnants of native flora and protected areas. 

The Hemerodromiinae (Diptera: Empididae) of New Zealand  II. Chelipoda Macquart

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1537 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
ADRIAN R. PLANT
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Structure Function ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Male Characters ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Male Genital

The genus Chelipoda Macquart in New Zealand is revised; full descriptions and keys are provided for all 38 species and 22 new species are recognized: C. aritarita sp. n., C. atrocitas sp. n., C. australpina sp. n., C. brevipennis sp. n., C. cornigera sp. n., C. cycloseta sp. n., C. didhami sp. n., C. dominatrix sp. n., C. ferocitrix sp. n., C. fuscoptera sp. n., C. gracilis sp. n., C. lateralis sp. n., C. macrostigma sp. n., C. mediolinea sp. n., C. monorhabdos sp. n., C. puhihiroa sp. n., C. rakiuraensis sp. n., C. rangopango sp. n., C. tainuia sp. n., C. tangerina sp. n., C. ultraferox sp. n. and C. venatrix sp n. Lectotypes are designated for C. oblinita Collin and C. oblata Collin. Lectotypes and paralectotypes are designated for C. abdita Collin, C. abjecta Collin, C. consignata Collin, C. delecta Collin, C. inconspicua Collin, C. interposita Collin, C. longicornis Collin, C. moderata Collin, C. modica Collin, C. recurva Collin, C. secreta Collin and C. trepida Collin. C. recurva Collin syn. n. is designated a junior synonym of C. mirabilis Collin. A high incidence of profound sexual dimorphism is reported and structure-function relationships of exaggerated male characters are explored. Cladistic analysis resolved two clades characterised by degree of thoracic elongation, male genital flexion, fusion of cerci with epandrial lobes and shape of cell cup. It is hypothesized that one lineage gave rise to Palaearctic and Nearctic forms while the other lineage has a ‘Gondwanan’ distribution. Loss of crossvein dm-cu in Phyllodromia Zetterstedt is interpreted as a homoplasy which has occurred in both lineages of Chelipoda and of no generic significance. Relationships with other Chelipoda-like genera Ptilophyllodromia Bezzi and Monodromia Collin are discussed and current knowledge of diversity, distribution, ecology and behaviour is summarised.

Review of the Nearctic Lonchopteridae (Diptera), including descriptions of three new species

2008 ◽  
Vol 140 (6) ◽  
pp. 649-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Klymko ◽  
S.A. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
New Species ◽  
Northwest Territories ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Sister Species ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Species Pairs ◽  
Three New Species

AbstractThe Nearctic species of Lonchoptera Meigen are reviewed, including three new species: L. barberi Klymko sp. nov. from Manitoba, Newfoundland, Ontario, Quebec, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, and New Hampshire, L. megaloba Klymko sp. nov. from British Columbia and California, and L. longiphallus Klymko sp. nov. from British Columbia and the Northwest Territories. Lonchoptera borealis Curran is proposed as a new junior synonym of L. impicta Zetterstedt, and L. occidentalis Curran is proposed as a new junior synonym of L. uniseta Curran. Lonchoptera nigrociliata Duda, formerly known only from the Palaearctic Region, is recorded from the Yukon and Alaska. Descriptions, a key, and Nearctic distribution maps are presented. Phylogenetic relationships are briefly discussed and two sister species pairs are documented.

Rytidosperma vickeryae — a new danthonioid grass from Kosciuszko (New South Wales, Australia): Morphology, phylogeny and biogeography

1999 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 743 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Peter Linder
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Sister Species ◽  
Ancestral Area ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Optimisation Methods ◽  
A New Species

Rytidosperma vickeryae, a new species of danthonioid grass, is described, and detailed information on the morphology, anatomy, cytology and embryology of the species is provided. The phylogenetic relationships among the Australasian species of Rytidosperma s.s. are analysed, by parsimony-based methods. The new species is shown to be the sister species of R. thomsonii from New Zealand. The phytogeographical implications of this are analysed, by area-optimisation methods as well as methods which search for area relationships. This suggests that the Australasian species of Rytidosperma radiated from an ancestral area in Tasmania, followed by dispersal to New Zealand, and repeated dispersal northwards to Kosciuszko and New Guinea. R. vickeryae appears to have originated as the result of a dispersal event from New Zealand to Kosciuszko.

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