Intra- and crossmodal refractory effects in auditory and somatosensory ERPs

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (0) ◽  
pp. 156
Author(s):  
Boukje Habets ◽  
Marlene Hense ◽  
Davide Bottari ◽  
Brigitte Roeder
Keyword(s):  
Time Window ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Preceding Stimulus ◽  
Period Effects ◽  
Tactile Stimuli ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Random Manner ◽  
Main Effects

Refractory period effects are defined as a temporal decrement in neural response due to a previous activation of the same system. We varied the ISI and modality of a preceding stimulus to investigate overlapping and distinct neural systems processing auditory and tactile stimuli. Auditory stimuli and tactile stimuli were presented in a sequential, random manner with a duration of 50 ms and an ISI of 1000 or 2000 ms. The P1–N1–P2 complex of event-related potentials (ERP) was analyzed separately for auditory and tactile stimuli, as a function of preceding ISI and modality. Main effects of ISI and modality were found within the time-window of the P1 and P2 (auditory) and P1, N1 and P2 (tactile). These results suggest an overlap in underlying neural systems when stimuli from different modalities are being processed.

Event-related Potential Correlates of Negation in a Sentence–Picture Verification Paradigm

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1355-1370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Lüdtke ◽  
Claudia K. Friedrich ◽  
Mónica De Filippis ◽  
Barbara Kaup
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Foreground Object ◽  
Negative Particle ◽  
Sentence Meaning ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Main Effects

In a sentence–picture verification paradigm, participants were presented in a rapid-serial-visual-presentation paradigm with affirmative or negative sentences (e.g., “In the front of the tower there is a/no ghost”) followed by a matching or mismatching picture. Response latencies and event-related potentials (ERPs) were measured during reading and verification. An enhanced negative shift in the ERPs for the subject noun (i.e., “ghost”) in negative, compared to affirmative sentences, was found during reading. We relate this ERP deflection to enhanced processing demands required by the negative particle no. Although this effect suggests a direct impact of negation on language processing, results for picture processing reveal that negation is not immediately integrated into sentence meaning. When the delay of picture presentation was short (250 msec), verification latencies and ERPs evoked by the picture showed a priming effect independent of whether the sentence contained a negation. Unprimed pictures (foreground object not mentioned in the sentence) led to longer latencies and higher N400 amplitudes than primed pictures (foreground object mentioned in the sentence). Main effects of negation showed up only in a late positive-going ERP effect. In contrast, when the delay was long (1500 msec), we observed main effects of truth value and negation in addition to the priming effect already in the N400 time window, that is, negation is fully integrated into sentence meaning only at a later point in the comprehension process. When negation has not yet been integrated, verification decisions appear to be modulated by additional time-consuming reanalysis processes.

Orienting Attention to Points in Time Improves Stimulus Processing Both within and across Modalities

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 715-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrin Lange ◽  
Brigitte Röder
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Perceptual Processing ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Reaction Time Experiment ◽  
Tactile Stimuli ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Efficient Processing ◽  
Task Irrelevant

Spatial attention affects the processing of stimuli of both a task-relevant and a task-irrelevant modality. The present study investigated if similar cross-modal effects exist when attention is oriented to a point in time. Short (600 msec) and long (1200 msec) empty intervals, marked by a tactile onset and an auditory or a tactile offset marker, were presented. In each block, the participants had to attend one interval and one modality. Event-related potentials (ERPs) to auditory and tactile offset markers of attended as compared to unattended intervals were characterized by an enhancement of early negative deflections of the auditory and somatosensory ERPs (audition, 100–140 msec; touch, 130–180 msec) when audition or touch was task relevant, respectively. Similar effects were found for auditory stimuli when touch was task relevant. An additional reaction time experiment revealed faster responses to both auditory and tactile stimuli at the attended as compared to the unattended point in time, irrespective of which modality was primary. Both behavioral and ERP data show that attention can be focused on a point in time, which results in a more efficient processing of auditory and tactile stimuli. The ERP data further suggest that a relative enhancement at perceptual processing stages contributes to the processing advantage for temporally attended stimuli. The existence of cross-modal effects of temporal attention underlines the importance of time as a feature for binding input across different modalities.

Recovery periods of event-related potentials indicating crossmodal interactions between the visual, auditory and tactile system

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (0) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Marlene Hense ◽  
Boukje Habets ◽  
Brigitte Roeder
Keyword(s):  
Refractory Period ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Period Effect ◽  
Crossmodal Interactions ◽  
Period Effects ◽  
Tactile Stimuli ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Tactile System

In sequential unimodal stimulus designs the time it takes for an event-related potential (ERP)-amplitude to recover is often interpreted as a transient decrement in responsiveness of the generating cortical circuits. This effect has been called neural refractoriness, which is the larger the more similar the repeated stimuli are and thus indicates the degree of overlap between the neural generator systems activated by two sequential stimuli. We hypothesize that crossmodal refractoriness-effects in a crossmodal sequential design might be a good parameter to assess the ‘modality overlap’ in the involved neural generators and the degree of crossmodal interaction. In order to investigate crossmodal ERP refractory period effects we presented visual and auditory (Experiment 1) and visual and tactile stimuli (Experiment 2) with inter stimulus intervals of 1 and 2 s to adult participants. Participants had to detect rare auditory and visual stimuli. Both, intra- and crossmodal ISI effects for all modalities were found for three investigated ERP-deflections (P1, N1, P2). The topography of the crossmodal refractory period effect of the N1- and P2-deflections in Experiment 1 and of P1 and N1 in Experiment 2 of both modalities was similar to the corresponding intramodal refractory effect, yet more confined and crossmodal effects were generally weaker. The crossmodal refractory effect for the visual P1, however, had a distinct, less circumscribed topography with respect to the intramodal effect. These results suggest that ERP refractory effects might be a promising indicator of the neural correlates of crossmodal interactions.

ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF CONGRUENT AND INCONGRUENT STIMULUS IN STROOP TASK, USING EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS (ERP) IN PATIENTS WITH DEPRESSION

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (05) ◽  
pp. 1850034
Author(s):  
Yeganeh Shahsavar ◽  
Majid Ghoshuni
Keyword(s):  
Stroop Task ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Eeg Signals ◽  
Incongruent Stimulus ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Recording Channel ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

The main goal of this event-related potentials (ERPs) study was to assess the effects of stimulations in Stroop task in brain activities of patients with different degrees of depression. Eighteen patients (10 males, with the mean age [Formula: see text]) were asked to fill out Beck’s depression questionnaire. Electroencephalographic (EEG) signals of subjects were recorded in three channels (Pz, Cz, and Fz) during Stroop test. This test entailed 360 stimulations, which included 120 congruent, 120 incongruent, and 120 neutral stimulations. To analyze the data, 18 time features in each type of stimulus were extracted from the ERP components and the optimal features were selected. The correlation between the subjects’ scores in Beck’s depression questionnaires and the extracted time features in each recording channel was calculated in order to select the best features. Total area, and peak-to-peak time window in the Cz channel in both the congruent and incongruent stimulus showed significant correlation with Beck scores, with [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], respectively. Consequently, given the correlation between time features and the subjects’ Beck scores with different degrees of depression, it can be interpreted that in case of growth in degrees of depression, stimulations involving congruent images would produce more challenging interferences for the patients compared to incongruent stimulations which can be more effective in diagnosing the level of disorder.

Event-related potentials to auditory stimuli in female Vietnam nurse veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder

2002 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda J. Metzger ◽  
Margaret A. Carson ◽  
Lynn A. Paulus ◽  
Natasha B. Lasko ◽  
Stephen R. Paige ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Related Potentials

Low-dimensional versus high-dimensional chaos in brain function – is it an and/or issue?

2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 823-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márk Molnár
Keyword(s):  
Brain Function ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Cognitive Effort ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Sensory Information Processing ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Dimensional Complexity ◽  
Low Dimensional ◽  
The Brain

We discuss whether low-dimensional chaos and even nonlinear processes can be traced in the electrical activity of the brain. Experimental data show that the dimensional complexity of the EEG decreases during event-related potentials associated with cognitive effort. This probably represents increased nonlinear cooperation between different neural systems during sensory information processing.

scholarly journals A Basic Study on P300 Event-Related Potentials Evoked by Simultaneous Presentation of Visual and Auditory Stimuli for the Communication Interface

i-Perception ◽  
10.1068/ic785 ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (8) ◽  
pp. 785-785
Author(s):  
Masami Hashimoto ◽  
Makoto Chishima ◽  
Kazunori Itoh ◽  
Mizue Kayama ◽  
Makoto Otani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Simultaneous Presentation ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Communication Interface ◽  
Basic Study ◽  
Related Potentials

The role of attention in auditory information processing as revealed by event-related potentials and other brain measures of cognitive function

1990 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Risto Näätänen
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Stimulus Selection ◽  
Auditory Information ◽  
Attention Switching ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Physical Features

AbstractThis article examines the role of attention and automaticity in auditory processing as revealed by event-related potential (ERP) research. An ERP component called the mismatch negativity, generated by the brain's automatic response to changes in repetitive auditory input, reveals that physical features of auditory stimuli are fully processed whether or not they are attended. It also suggests that there exist precise neuronal representations of the physical features of recent auditory stimuli, perhaps the traces underlying acoustic sensory (“echoic”) memory. A mechanism of passive attention switching in response to changes in repetitive input is also implicated.Conscious perception of discrete acoustic stimuli might be mediated by some of the mechanisms underlying another ERP component (NI), one sensitive to stimulus onset and offset. Frequent passive attentional shifts might accountforthe effect cognitive psychologists describe as “the breakthrough of the unattended” (Broadbent 1982), that is, that even unattended stimuli may be semantically processed, without assuming automatic semantic processing or late selection in selective attention.The processing negativity supports the early-selection theory and may arise from a mechanism for selectively attending to stimuli defined by certain features. This stimulus selection occurs in the form ofa matching process in which each input is compared with the “attentional trace,” a voluntarily maintained representation of the task-relevant features of the stimulus to be attended. The attentional mechanism described might underlie the stimulus-set mode of attention proposed by Broadbent. Finally, a model of automatic and attentional processing in audition is proposed that is based mainly on the aforementioned ERP components and some other physiological measures.

scholarly journals Lexical processing deficits in children with developmental language disorder: An event-related potentials study

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 459-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey A. Kornilov ◽  
James S. Magnuson ◽  
Natalia Rakhlin ◽  
Nicole Landi ◽  
Elena L. Grigorenko
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Processing ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Language Disorder ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Developmental Language Disorder ◽  
Compensatory Mechanisms ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Processing Deficits

AbstractLexical processing deficits in children with developmental language disorder (DLD) have been postulated to arise as sequelae of their grammatical deficits (either directly or via compensatory mechanisms) and vice versa. We examined event-related potential indices of lexical processing in children with DLD (n= 23) and their typically developing peers (n= 16) using a picture–word matching paradigm. We found that children with DLD showed markedly reduced N400 amplitudes in response both to auditorily presented words that had initial phonological overlap with the name of the pictured object and to words that were not semantically or phonologically related to the pictured object. Moreover, this reduction was related to behavioral indices of phonological and lexical but not grammatical development. We also found that children with DLD showed a depressed phonological mapping negativity component in the early time window, suggesting deficits in phonological processing or early lexical access. The results are partially consistent with the overactivation account of lexical processing deficits in DLD and point to the relative functional independence of lexical/phonological and grammatical deficits in DLD, supporting a multidimensional view of the disorder. The results also, although indirectly, support the neuroplasticity account of DLD, according to which language impairment affects brain development and shapes the specific patterns of brain responses to language stimuli.

Temporal Dynamics of Prospective Memory (Event-Related Potentials)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert West
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Fundamental Aspect ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
Considerable Research ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Memory Event ◽  
Related Potentials

Life is filled with goals or intentions that people hope to realize. Some of these are rather mundane (e.g., remembering to purchase a key ingredient for a recipe when stopping at the market), while others are more significant (e.g., remembering to pick up one’s child from school at the end of the day). Prospective memory represents the ability to form and then realize intentions at an appropriate time. A fundamental aspect of prospective memory is that one is engaged in one or more tasks (i.e., ongoing activities) between the formation of an intention and the opportunity to realize the goal. For instance, in the shopping example, one might form the intention at home and then travel to the market and collect several other items before walking past the desired ingredient. Considerable research has demonstrated that the efficiency of prospective memory declines with age, although age-related differences are not universal. The neurocognitive processes underpinning age-related differences in the formation and realization of delayed intentions have been investigated in studies using event-related brain potentials. This research reveals that age-related differences in prospective memory arise from the disruption of neural systems supporting the successful encoding of intentions, the detection of prospective memory cues, and possibly processes supporting the retrieval of intentions from memory when a cue is encountered or efficiently shifting from the ongoing activity to the prospective element of the task. Therefore, strategies designed to ameliorate age-related declines in prospective memory should target a variety of processes engaged during the encoding, retrieval, and enactment of delayed intentions.

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