Nonlinear integration of multispectral information: Human colour vision analogues to sensory integration in rattlesnake

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (0) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Vincent A. Billock ◽  
Brian H. Tsou
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Sensitivity ◽  
Information Integration ◽  
Sensory Integration ◽  
Colour Vision ◽  
Neural Model ◽  
Neural Firing ◽  
Visual Responses ◽  
Neural Synchronization ◽  
Synchronization Mechanism ◽  
Integration Problems

Information integration occurs at every sensory scale and although distinctions are made for integration between and within senses, integration at intermediate scales may exploit familiar mechanisms. Here, we explore this idea by applying a sensory integration mechanism to some poorly understood multispectral integration problems in human colour vision. Billock and Tsou (IMRF, 2011) used a binding-like neural synchronization mechanism to model intensity-dependent (inverse) enhancement of visual responses by auditory stimulation in cat. The same model also applies to mutual enhancement of visual and infrared responses in rattlesnake, suggesting that a similar mechanism could model integration of spectral information in human colour vision. For example, chromatic brightness is thought to be a vector-like nonlinear combination of luminance and chromatic channels; its neural correlate is unknown. We model its spectral sensitivity by pairwise excitatory synchronization between luminance (broadband) neurons and cortically rectified L+M- and S+M-L- LGN neurons. Similarly, the yellow lobe of the yellow-blue opponent channel is known to be a nonlinearly enhanced combination of long- and medium-wavelength-sensitive inputs, but no sensible neural model for this interaction has been advanced. We model the spectral sensitivity of ‘yellowness’ using excitatory synchronization between cortically rectified L+M+S- and M+L- LGN units. The inputs for both simulations were macaque neural firing rate data (DeValois et al., 1966). Fascinatingly, in both cases, multispectral integration in human colour vision was well modeled using the rattlesnake/cat neural synchronization equations without any use of fitting parameters. This is the first application of sensory integration concepts to human colour vision transformations.

scholarly journals A spiking neural circuit model for learning multi-sensory integration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deying Song ◽  
Xueyan Niu ◽  
Wen-Hao Zhang ◽  
Tai Sing Lee
Keyword(s):  
Information Integration ◽  
Sensory Integration ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Hebbian Learning ◽  
Neural Model ◽  
Circuit Model ◽  
Cue Integration ◽  
Medial Superior Temporal ◽  
Vestibular Information ◽  
Sensory Modalities

AbstractNeurons in visual and vestibular information integration areas of macaque brain such as medial superior temporal (MSTd) and ventral intraparietal (VIP) have been classified into congruent neurons and opposite neurons, which prefer congruent inputs and opposite inputs from the two sensory modalities, respectively. In this work, we propose a mechanistic spiking neural model that can account for the emergence of congruent and opposite neurons and their interactions in a neural circuit for multi-sensory integration. The spiking neural circuit model is adopted from an established model for the circuits of the primary visual cortex with little changes in parameters. The network can learn, based on the basic Hebbian learning principle, the correct topological organization and behaviors of the congruent and opposite neurons that have been proposed to play a role in multi-sensory integration. This work explore the constraints and the conditions that lead to the development of a proposed neural circuit for cue integration. It also demonstrates that such neural circuit might indeed be a canonical circuit shared by computations in many cortical areas.

Bridging the Divide between Sensory Integration and Binding Theory: Using a Binding-like Neural Synchronization Mechanism to Model Sensory Enhancements during Multisensory Interactions

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1587-1599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent A. Billock ◽  
Brian H. Tsou
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Sensory Integration ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Binding Theory ◽  
Neural Synchronization ◽  
Synchronization Mechanism ◽  
Firing Rates ◽  
Neural Information ◽  
Multisensory Interactions ◽  
Sensory Enhancement

Neural information combination problems are ubiquitous in cognitive neuroscience. Two important disciplines, although conceptually similar, take radically different approaches to these problems. Sensory binding theory is largely grounded in synchronization of neurons responding to different aspects of a stimulus, resulting in a coherent percept. Sensory integration focuses more on the influences of the senses on each other and is largely grounded in the study of neurons that respond to more than one sense. It would be desirable to bridge these disciplines, so that insights gleaned from either could be harnessed by the other. To link these two fields, we used a binding-like oscillatory synchronization mechanism to simulate neurons in rattlesnake that are driven by one sense but modulated by another. Mutual excitatory coupling produces synchronized trains of action potentials with enhanced firing rates. The same neural synchronization mechanism models the behavior of a population of cells in cat visual cortex that are modulated by auditory activation. The coupling strength of the synchronizing neurons is crucial to the outcome; a criterion of strong coupling (kept weak enough to avoid seriously distorting action potential amplitude) results in intensity-dependent sensory enhancement—the principle of inverse effectiveness—a key property of sensory integration.

Spectral Sensitivity of Photoreceptors and Colour Vision in the Solitary Bee, Osmia Rufa

1988 ◽  
Vol 136 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-52
Author(s):  
R. MENZEL ◽  
E. STEINMANN ◽  
J. DE SOUZA ◽  
W. BACKHAUS
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Sensitivity ◽  
Colour Vision ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Just Noticeable Difference ◽  
Species Discrimination ◽  
Colour Space ◽  
Absorption Function ◽  
Perceptual Distance ◽  
Line Elements ◽  
Colour Signals

The spectral sensitivity of single photoreceptors of Osmia rufa was determined by a fast voltage-clamp technique. Three receptor types were found whose spectral sensitivity functions followed a rhodopsin-like photopigment absorption function with λmax values at 348nm (ultraviolet receptor), 436nm (blue receptor) and 572nm (green receptor). The λmax of the green receptor in Osmia rufa is shifted to much longer wavelengths compared with other insect species. Discrimination of colour signals was tested after training a bee at the entrance to its nest. The colour signals were filter discs (70 mm in diameter) with a hole (10 mm in diameter) in the centre and the bees quickly learned to use the coloured disc as a marker of the nest entrance. Tests were dual forced-choice tests with two coloured discs closely positioned next to each other. 94 different tests were each repeated 5–15 times and were performed after training to 12 different colour signals. A photoreceptor model was used to calculate the loci of the colour signals in a three-dimensional colour space and in a chromaticity diagram. The perceptual distance between the colour loci was calculated as line elements (minimum number of just noticeable difference, jnd-steps), which were based on the noiseproperties of the photoreceptors. The discrimination determined by the behavioural tests correlated very well with the jnd-steps. The correlation was better for the line elements in the colour plane than in the colour space. Osmia rufa was compared with the honeybee Apis mellifera and the stingless bee Melipona quadrifasciata. There is no difference in colour selection between Osmia and Apis, whereas Melipona discriminates less well in the violet-blue region. The model calculation was used to compare the chromaticity diagrams and the spectral discrimination functions of the three species. It is concluded that the receptor model used in this study predicts the discrimination behaviour of the three bee species very well. Therefore, comparative studies on colour vision in flowervisiting insects may be based on spectral measurements of the photoreceptors, and in many cases this reduces the extent of laborious behavioural studies.

scholarly journals Photoreceptors and diurnal variation in spectral sensitivity in the fiddler crab Gelasimus dampieri

2020 ◽  
Vol 223 (23) ◽  
pp. jeb230979
Author(s):  
Anna-Lee Jessop ◽  
Yuri Ogawa ◽  
Zahra M. Bagheri ◽  
Julian C. Partridge ◽  
Jan M. Hemmi
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Sensitivity ◽  
Colour Vision ◽  
Fiddler Crab ◽  
Selective Adaptation ◽  
Diurnal Changes ◽  
Intracellular Recordings ◽  
Retinular Cell ◽  
Minimum Requirement ◽  
Peak Sensitivity ◽  
Retinular Cells

ABSTRACTColour signals, and the ability to detect them, are important for many animals and can be vital to their survival and fitness. Fiddler crabs use colour information to detect and recognise conspecifics, but their colour vision capabilities remain unclear. Many studies have attempted to measure their spectral sensitivity and identify contributing retinular cells, but the existing evidence is inconclusive. We used electroretinogram (ERG) measurements and intracellular recordings from retinular cells to estimate the spectral sensitivity of Gelasimus dampieri and to track diurnal changes in spectral sensitivity. G. dampieri has a broad spectral sensitivity and is most sensitive to wavelengths between 420 and 460 nm. Selective adaptation experiments uncovered an ultraviolet (UV) retinular cell with a peak sensitivity shorter than 360 nm. The species’ spectral sensitivity above 400 nm is too broad to be fitted by a single visual pigment and using optical modelling, we provide evidence that at least two medium-wavelength sensitive (MWS) visual pigments are contained within a second blue-green sensitive retinular cell. We also found a ∼25 nm diurnal shift in spectral sensitivity towards longer wavelengths in the evening in both ERG and intracellular recordings. Whether the shift is caused by screening pigment migration or changes in opsin expression remains unclear, but the observation shows the diel dynamism of colour vision in this species. Together, these findings support the notion that G. dampieri possesses the minimum requirement for colour vision, with UV and blue/green receptors, and help to explain some of the inconsistent results of previous research.

scholarly journals The spectral sensitivity of Drosophila photoreceptors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla R. Sharkey ◽  
Jorge Blanco ◽  
Maya M. Leibowitz ◽  
Daniel Pinto-Benito ◽  
Trevor J. Wardill
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Spectral Sensitivity ◽  
Spectral Range ◽  
Visual Pigment ◽  
Colour Vision ◽  
Neural Processing ◽  
Cross Modulation ◽  
Screening Pigment ◽  
Peak Sensitivity

AbstractDrosophila melanogaster has long been a popular model insect species, due in large part to the availability of genetic tools and is fast becoming the model for insect colour vision. Key to understanding colour reception in Drosophila is in-depth knowledge of spectral inputs and downstream neural processing. While recent studies have sparked renewed interest in colour processing in Drosophila, photoreceptor spectral sensitivity measurements have yet to be carried out in vivo. We have fully characterised the spectral input to the motion and colour vision pathways, and directly measured the effects of spectral modulating factors, screening pigment density and carotenoid-based ocular pigments. All receptor sensitivities had significant shifts in spectral sensitivity compared to previous measurements. Notably, the spectral range of the Rh6 visual pigment is substantially broadened and its peak sensitivity is shifted by 92 nm from 508 to 600 nm. We propose that this deviation can be explained by transmission of long wavelengths through the red screening pigment and by the presence of the blue-absorbing filter in the R7y receptors. Further, we tested direct interactions between photoreceptors and found evidence of interactions between inner and outer receptors, in agreement with previous findings of cross-modulation between receptor outputs in the lamina.

scholarly journals Proprioception Impairment and Treatment Approaches in Pediatrics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamatchi Kaviraja
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Treatment Strategy ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Sensory Integration ◽  
Sensory System ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Treatment Approaches ◽  
Proprioceptive Input ◽  
Integration Problems

In children problems like trauma and injuries are quite obvious. Other problems related to sensory system dysfunction are identified at the later stages of the child due to lack of awareness of the sensory integration problems which is not obvious. Some children have behavioral problems and some are poor at the school which is related to each other finally cause trouble to perform their daily routine. Early identification and intervention play a major role in improving the ability and development of the proprioceptive senses. Hence this chapter will introduce the new aspect of proprioception sense and its dysfunction. It would enhance you to identify the problems and understand the challenges that the child come across due to increase or decrease in proprioceptive input. We will be able to help them to overcome these challenges and frame a treatment strategy and help them to lead a successful life.

scholarly journals Attentional Modulation of Visual Responses by Flexible Input Gain

2009 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 2089-2106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey M. Ghose
Keyword(s):  
Receptive Field ◽  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Sensory Integration ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Visual Responses ◽  
Attentional Modulation ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Imaging Results ◽  
Input Gain

Although it is clear that sensory responses in the cortex can be strongly modulated by stimuli outside of classical receptive fields as well as by extraretinal signals such as attention and anticipation, the exact rules governing the neuronal integration of sensory and behavioral signals remain unclear. For example, most experiments studying sensory interactions have not explored attention, while most studies of attention have relied on the responses to relatively limited sets of stimuli. However, a recent study of V4 responses, in which location, orientation, and spatial attention were systematically varied, suggests that attention can both facilitate and suppress specific sensory inputs to a neuron according to behavioral relevance. To explore the implications of such input gain, we modeled the effects of a center-surround organization of attentional modulation using existing receptive field models of sensory integration. The model is consistent with behavioral measurements of a suppressive effect that surrounds the facilitatory locus of spatial attention. When this center-surround modulation is incorporated into realistic models of sensory integration, it is able to explain seemingly disparate observations of attentional effects in the neurophysiological literature, including spatial shifts in receptive field position and the preferential modulation of low contrast stimuli. The model is also consistent with recent formulations of attention to features in which gain is variably applied among cells with different receptive field properties. Consistent with functional imaging results, the model predicts that spatial attention effects will vary between different visual areas and suggests that attention may act through a common mechanism of selective and flexible gain throughout the visual system.

Information Integration System and its Implementation Based on Semantic

2014 ◽  
Vol 533 ◽  
pp. 440-443
Author(s):  
Gang Huang ◽  
Xiu Ying Wu ◽  
Man Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Information Integration ◽  
Semantic Information ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
End User ◽  
Integration System ◽  
Integration Problems ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Due to information integration system is a need to focus on different periods independently designed data sources and a unified information system to provide their data to the end user, so it will inevitably encounter data changes over time to bring the knowledge of information contained, the concept will be certain changes in circumstances occur. This paper analyzes the semantic-oriented information integration systems and solutions proposed to consider the full range of semantic information integration problems at different stages of the primary purposes of information integration systems.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document