Cephrenes trichopepla (Lower, 1908): An invasive Australian species, recorded in Sri Lanka for the first time with notes on its biology, life history and distribution (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 156 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
George van der Poorten ◽  
Nancy van der Poorten
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Central Province ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Larval Food ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Western Province ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
First Time

Cephrenes trichopepla (Lower, 1908), an invasive Australian species, was recorded for the first time in Sri Lanka in July 2009 but it is likely to have been in the island much longer. Since then, it has been recorded in several locations in the Northwestern province, near Colombo in the Western province, and in Kandy in the Central province. Recorded larval food plants are coconut palm, Cocos nucifera, a widely cultivated plantation crop, and a species of Livistona, a cultivated garden palm (Arecaceae). The immature stages and behavior in Sri Lanka are documented for the first time.

New and revised descriptions of the immature stages of some butterflies in Sri Lanka and their larval food plants (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Part 2: Subfamily Pierinae (in part)

2014 ◽  
Vol 157 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
George van der Poorten ◽  
Nancy van der Poorten
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Species Identification ◽  
Conservation Management ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Larval Food ◽  
First Time

The immature stages of 14 species in the subfamily Pierinae out of the 28 species of Pieridae in Sri Lanka and their larval food plants are presented. Ten species including three endemic subspecies are documented for the first time. The remaining four species including one endemic subspecies are compared to prior descriptions and additional observations are presented. Previously reported larval food plants are confirmed and new ones identified. This study provides some base information needed for conservation management programs for butterflies in Sri Lanka and for further studies on the biology of these species. Identification notes are given for Capparis zeylanica and Capparis brevispina, two important larval food plants, which have frequently been misidentified in the literature.

scholarly journals New additions to the larval food plants of Sri Lankan butterflies (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 17731-17740
Author(s):  
Himesh Dilruwan Jayasinghe ◽  
Sarath Sanjeewa Rajapakshe ◽  
Tharindu Ranasinghe
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Conservation Management ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Larval Food ◽  
First Time

Larval food plants (LFPs) of Sri Lankan butterflies have been well documented recently with the aid of studies done by numerous researchers.  In this paper, we present further records, 118 LFPs used by 83 butterflies and 145 plant-butterfly combinations.  LFPs of Lethe dynsate and Potanthus pseudomaesa pseudomaesa are reported for the first time in Sri Lanka.  Important observations, possible LFPs and LFP preferences of rare and threatened butterfly species, are discussed.  This information on plant-butterfly interactions will play an important role in conservation management of both plant and butterfly species.

Butterflies of Australia

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael F Braby
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Larval Food ◽  
Educational Publishing ◽  
Butterfly Fauna ◽  
History Of ◽  
Outstanding Work ◽  
Reference Section

This outstanding work is the ultimate guide for the identification of Australia’s butterflies. Nearly 400 species – all those currently recognised from Australia, plus those from surrounding islands – are represented, with all adults and some immature stages displayed in stunning colour sections. Introductory chapters cover the history of publications, classification, morphology, distribution, conservation and collection, together with a checklist of the butterfly fauna. The body of the text is arranged systematically, providing a wealth of information including description, variation, similar behaviour, distribution and habitat, and major literature references, giving a comprehensive summary of the present state of knowledge of these insects. Appendices provide details of those species recorded from Australian islands outside the Australian faunal subregion, those protected by legislation, the larval food plants, and the attendant ants. Extensive references, a glossary and an index of scientific and common names complete the work. Joint Winner of the 2001 Whitley Medal. Finalist Scholarly Reference section - The Australian Awards for Excellence in Educational Publishing 2001.

scholarly journals The discovery of Megalota in the Neotropics, with a revision of the New World species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Olethreutini)

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2279 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN W. BROWN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
New World ◽  
Posterior Edge ◽  
World Species ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
First Time ◽  
One New Species

Megalota Diakonoff, previously known from the Indoaustralian Region (India, Sri Lanka, New Guinea, and Australia), Madagascar, and Africa, is reported from the Neotropics for the first time. Three previously described New World species (i.e., Megalota submicans (Walsingham), n. comb.; M. delphinosema (Walsingham), n. comb.; and M. plenana (Walker), n. comb.) were concealed within incorrect generic assignments or as “unplaced” species (i.e., lacking contemporary generic assignments). Twenty-one new species are described and illustrated: M. synchysis (TL: Venezuela), M. peruviana (Peru), M. aquilonaris (Mexico), M. vulgaris (Costa Rica), M. cacaulana (Brazil), M. macrosocia (Ecuador), M. ochreoapex (Costa Rica), M. spinulosa (Costa Rica), M. simpliciana (Costa Rica), M. jamaicana (Jamaica), M. ricana (Costa Rica), M. ceratovalva (Venezuela), M. bicolorana (Costa Rica), M. longisetana (Costa Rica), M. deceptana (Costa Rica), M. crassana (Costa Rica), M. gutierrezi (Costa Rica), M. chamelana (Mexico), M. beckeri (Brazil), M. flintana (Brazil), and M. pastranai (Argentina). Males of the genus are characterized by three distinctive features of the genitalia: the uncus consists of a pair of greatly expanded, flattened, variably round or square lobes, densely covered with spines and setae; the valvae are narrow with an elongate, apically spined process arising from the base of the costa; and the juxta is membranous with a narrowly sclerotized Uor J-shaped posterior edge. Five species have been reared from Croton spp. (Euphorbiaceae) in Costa Rica, and this is consistent with a single record of this host for an Australian species of Megalota.

Description and biology of an Australian species of cypselosomatidae (Diptera) with a discussion of family relationships

1966 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 673 ◽  
Author(s):  
DK McAlpine
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
First Record ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
The Family ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species

A new species of the genus Cypselosoma Hendel is described, in both the adult and immature stages. This constitutes the first record of the family Cypselosomatidae in Australia. Notes on the family, generic, and specific characters are given with keys to aid identification. The ecology of the new species is discussed and some adaptions necessary to survival in its environment are pointed out. The known distribution of the cypselosomatid genera Cypselosoma and Formicosepsis is given, and the latter recorded from New Guinea for the first time. The relationships of the families Micropezidae and Neriidae are discussed in the light of knowledge gained from the more primitive Cypselosomatidae. It is concluded that the superfamily Micropezoidea should include the following families : Pseudopomyzidae, Cypselosomatidae, Neriidae, Micropezidae, and Megamerinidae. Protoborborus Malloch and Heluscolia Harrison are mentioned as new synonyms of Pseudopomyza Strobl. The genus Heloclusia Malloch is transferred from the Heleomyzidae to the Pseudopomyzidae.

Butterflies of the Andaman and Nicobar islands: History of collection and checklist

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 3050 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
PRASHANTH MOHANRAJ ◽  
K. VEENAKUMARI
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Andaman And Nicobar Islands ◽  
Larval Food ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nicobar Islands ◽  
First Time

The history of butterfly collecting on the islands is detailed, highlighting the contributions of both amateur and professional entomologists. In the light of the recent revival of interest in butterflies in India in general and islands in particular, we present a checklist of the butterflies of these islands. For the first time in many years we take a critical look at the butterflies recorded as occurring on the Andaman and Nicobar islands. We distinguish between species that are known to occur definitely on these islands versus those which are stragglers and those which have been reported on the basis of erroneous identification. We also indicate which species/subspecies are endemics and present an overview of the knowledge of the life histories, larval food plants and natural history that is known of these butterflies. A bibliography of the butterflies of the Andaman and Nicobar islands is included.

scholarly journals Natural enemies of the oil-collecting bee Centris analis (Fabricius, 1804) with notes on the behavior of the cleptoparasite Coelioxys nigrofimbriata Cockerell, 1919 (Hymenoptera, Apidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Regina Parizotto
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Available Information ◽  
First Time ◽  
Significant Mortality ◽  
Trap Nest

This work presents a review of natural enemy species associated with Centrisanalis and summarizes the available information on life history, behavior, diversity, and specialization of these taxa. Records include over 20 species in ten genera from seven distinct families of Hymenoptera, Diptera and Coleoptera. These species are cleptoparasites or parasitoids of immature stages or adults. Some species seem to be occasional parasitoids, while others seem to be more frequent and responsible for significant mortality rates of immatures in nests. Three families of Hymenoptera represent the majority of natural enemy taxa found in C.analis nests: Apidae, Chrysididae, and Leucospidae. The most frequent parasitoid reared from nests was the wasp Leucospiscayennensis Westwood, followed by cleptoparasitic bee species of the genus Coelioxys Latreille. Vouchers of trap nest studies are identified for the first time and refer to Coelioxysnigrofimbriata Cockerell, which seems to have a strong association with nests of C.analis. Further direct observation notes about biology and behavior of C.nigrofimbriata are also provided.

scholarly journals Phenotypic Variability of Ceratocystis paradoxa Isolated from North Western and Western Provinces of Sri Lanka and its Bio Control by Potential Bio-Control Agent; Trichoderma viride

CORD ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
D.L Jayaratne ◽  
M.T.A. Dayarathna
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Coir Fiber ◽  
Western Province ◽  
Ceratocystis Paradoxa ◽  
North Western

Coconut (Cocos nucifera) is an important economic crop in Sri Lanka; one of the world's largest exporters of coir fiber and coir products.  Ceratocystis paradoxa is a pathogen causing stem bleeding, leaf and fruit rot in variety of crop plants including coconut.  Since C. paradoxa is associated with coconut trees, there is an opportunity for the pathogen exist in coir and coir products as well.  According to the quarantine requirements, this pathogen has to be free in coir and coir products that are exported from Sri Lanka.  During this study the pathogen was isolated from the samples of coir collected from different locations in North Western Province and Western Province of Sri Lanka.  Colony morphology and spore morphology were compared among these isolates.  Bio-control and the sensitivity of the isolates to the antagonist were evaluated against Trichoderma viride.  According to the results the pathogen was present in all the samples collected from different locations of the coconut growing triangle.  The isolated colonies grown on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) plates were white in early stage but became black, one or two days later.  The growing colonies produced two asexual spores; the endoconidia and chlamydospores.  Endoconidia are formed in the conidiophores making long chains.  They are thin-walled cylindrical 9-12 µm x 4.8-7.2 µm in size, yet two isolated from North Western Province had a smaller width of 2.4 µm endoconidia.  Chlamydospores are thick walled formed in short chains, dark color, and are mostly oval shaped, 9.6-16.8µm x 7.2-9.6µm in size, yet one isolated from North Western Province had a width of 4.8 µm.  The chlamydospores are varied in morphology according to the geographical distribution of the pathogen.  The variability of chlamydospore morphology predicts the genomic variability among the isolates.  Biological control of C. paradoxa using T. viride was successful in all the isolates used in vitro studies.  The experiments showed similar effects of T. viride on all C. paradoxa isolates as the biological control agent by killing the vegetative growth and losing the spore viability.

scholarly journals Life histories of Paucispinigera Freeman, Paraborniella Freeman and Paratendipes Kieffer (Diptera: Chironomidae) with phylogenetic considerations

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4853 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-547
Author(s):  
PETER S. CRANSTON
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species

The immature stages of the New Zealand endemic Paucispinigera Freeman and Paraborniella Freeman, endemic to Australia, are described fully for the first time. A new species of Paratendipes Kieffer endemic to Australia is described in all life stages. Morphological support from larvae for placement in a ‘Microtendipes’ group in tribe Chironomini includes the 6-segmented antenna with Lauterborn organs on the 2nd and 3rd segments, and a well-demarcated, multi-toothed ventromentum. The pupa has a few-branched thoracic horn and the distribution of taeniate L-setae is informative. Significant differentiating characters of the adult male include the form of tibial apices and the structures of superior and median volsellae in the genitalia. In the wing of Paucispinigera, the squama lacks setae, contrary to the original description, and unusually has vein M1+2 setose in both sexes and also the M3+4 setose in the female. An apical spine on the gonostylus of Paucispinigera is unusual. The female genitalia are described here for the first time but lack phylogenetically informative variation. An Australian species of the widespread genus Paratendipes Kieffer, described here as Paratendipes sinespina sp. n., is provided for comparison. Paucispinigera and Paraborniella each warrant independent generic rank. 

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