How Self-Motion in Virtual Reality Affects the Subjective Perception of Time

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-136
Author(s):  
Stefan Weber ◽  
David Weibel ◽  
Fred W. Mast
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Subjective Time ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
Stimulus Motion ◽  
Subjective Duration ◽  
Perception Of Time ◽  
Virtual Experiences ◽  
Self Motion

The velocity of moving stimuli has been linked to their experienced duration. This effect was extended to instances of self-motion, where one’s own movement affects the subjective length of time. However, the experimental evidence for this extension is scarce and the effect of self-motion has not been investigated using a reproduction paradigm. Therefore, we designed a virtual reality scenario that controls for attention and eliminates the confounding effect of velocity and acceleration. The scenario consisted of a virtual road on which participants (n = 26) moved along in a car for six different durations and with six different velocities. We measured the subjective duration of the movement with reproduction and direct numerical estimation. We also assessed levels of presence in the virtual world. Our results show that higher velocity was connected to longer subjective time for both forms of measurement. However, the effect showed deviations from linearity. Presence was not associated with subjective time and did not improve performance on the task. We interpreted the effect of velocity as corroborating previous work using stimulus motion, which showed the same positive association between velocity of movement and subjective time. The absence of an effect of presence was explained in terms of a lacking dependency of time on characteristics of the virtual environment. We suggest applying our findings to the design of virtual experiences intended for inducing time loss.

scholarly journals Subjective experience of time in dementia with Lewy bodies during COVID-19 lockdown

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dylan Torboli ◽  
Giovanna Mioni ◽  
Cinzia Bussé ◽  
Annachiara Cagnin ◽  
Antonino Vallesi
Keyword(s):  
Dementia With Lewy Bodies ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Subjective Time ◽  
Past Time ◽  
Experience Of Time ◽  
Perception Of Time ◽  
Patients Experience

AbstractDementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive, behavioral and motor symptoms and has a more challenging clinical management and poorer prognosis compared to other forms of dementia. The experience of lockdown leads to negative psychological outcomes for fragile people such as elderly with dementia, particularly for DLB, causing a worsening of cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Since an individual’s feeling of time passage is strongly related to their cognitive and emotional state, it is conceivable to expect alterations of this construct in people with DLB during such a difficult period. We therefore assessed the subjective experience of the passage of time for present and past time intervals (Subjective Time Questionnaire, STQ) during the lockdown due to coronavirus disease (COVID−19) in 22 patients with DLB (17 of which were re-tested in a post-lockdown period) and compared their experience with that of 14 caregivers with similar age. Patients showed a significantly slower perception of present and past time spent under lockdown restrictions. We argue that these alterations might be related to the distinctive features of DLB and their exacerbation recorded by the patients’ caregivers during the period of lockdown, though our results show that the patients’ experience of time passage in a post-lockdown period remained similarly slow. Overall, we show an impairment of the subjective perception of time passage in DLB tested during the COVID-19 lockdown.

Associated Information Increases Subjective Perception of Duration

Perception ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 1000-1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Schweitzer ◽  
Sabrina Trapp ◽  
Moshe Bar
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Predictive Processing ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Subjective Duration ◽  
Associative Processes ◽  
Sense Of Time ◽  
Perception Of Time ◽  
Opposing Effects ◽  
Perceived Duration

Our sense of time is prone to various biases. For instance, one factor that can dilate an event's perceived duration is the violation of predictions; when a series of repeated stimuli is interrupted by an unpredictable oddball. On the other hand, when the probability of a repetition itself is manipulated, predictable conditions can also increase estimated duration. This suggests that manipulations of expectations have different or even opposing effects on time perception. In previous studies, expectations were generated because stimuli were repeated or because the likelihood of a sequence or a repetition was varied. In the natural environment, however, expectations are often built via associative processes, for example, the context of a kitchen promotes the expectation of plates, appliances, and other associated objects. Here, we manipulated such association-based expectations by using oddballs that were either contextually associated or nonassociated with the standard items. We find that duration was more strongly overestimated for contextually associated oddballs. We reason that top-down attention is biased toward associated information, and thereby dilates subjective duration for associated oddballs. Based on this finding, we propose an interplay between top-down attention and predictive processing in the perception of time.

scholarly journals Subjective experience of time in dementia with Lewy bodies during COVID-19 lockdown

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dylan Torboli ◽  
Giovanna Mioni ◽  
Cinzia Bussé ◽  
Annachiara Cagnin ◽  
Antonino Vallesi
Keyword(s):  
Dementia With Lewy Bodies ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Subjective Time ◽  
Experience Of Time ◽  
Perception Of Time ◽  
Patients Experience

Abstract Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive, behavioral and motor symptoms and has a more challenging clinical management and poorer prognosis respect to other forms of dementia. The experience of lockdown leads to negative psychological outcomes for fragile people such as elderly with dementia, particularly for DLB, causing a worsening of cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms. An individual’s feeling of time passage is strongly related to her cognitive and emotional state. We therefore assessed the subjective experience of the passage of time for present and past time intervals (Subjective Time Questionnaire, STQ) during the lockdown due to coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in 23 patients with DLB (18 of which were re-tested in a post-lockdown period) and compared their experience with that of 21 caregivers with similar age and 46 younger university students. Patients showed a significantly slower perception of time and also reported feeling less time pressure. We argue that these alterations might be related to the distinctive features of DLB and their exacerbation recorded by the patients’ caregivers during the period of lockdown, though our results show that the patients’ experience of time passage in a post-lockdown period remained similarly slow. Overall, we show an impairment of the subjective perception of time passage in DLB tested during the COVID-19 lockdown.

scholarly journals Back to reality: transition techniques from short HMD-based virtual experiences to the physical world

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Horst ◽  
Ramtin Naraghi-Taghi-Off ◽  
Linda Rau ◽  
Ralf Dörner
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Virtual World ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
User Study ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Direct Communication ◽  
Common Presentation ◽  
Presentation Media ◽  
Virtual Experiences ◽  
Short Times

AbstractEvery Virtual Reality (VR) experience has to end at some point. While there already exist concepts to design transitions for users to enter a virtual world, their return from the physical world should be considered, as well, as it is a part of the overall VR experience. We call the latter outro-transitions. In contrast to offboarding of VR experiences, that takes place after taking off VR hardware (e.g., HMDs), outro-transitions are still part of the immersive experience. Such transitions occur more frequently when VR is experienced periodically and for only short times. One example where transition techniques are necessary is in an auditorium where the audience has individual VR headsets available, for example, in a presentation using PowerPoint slides together with brief VR experiences sprinkled between the slides. The audience must put on and take off HMDs frequently every time they switch from common presentation media to VR and back. In a such a one-to-many VR scenario, it is challenging for presenters to explore the process of multiple people coming back from the virtual to the physical world at once. Direct communication may be constrained while VR users are wearing an HMD. Presenters need a tool to indicate them to stop the VR session and switch back to the slide presentation. Virtual visual cues can help presenters or other external entities (e.g., automated/scripted events) to request VR users to end a VR session. Such transitions become part of the overall experience of the audience and thus must be considered. This paper explores visual cues as outro-transitions from a virtual world back to the physical world and their utility to enable presenters to request VR users to end a VR session. We propose and investigate eight transition techniques. We focus on their usage in short consecutive VR experiences and include both established and novel techniques. The transition techniques are evaluated within a user study to draw conclusions on the effects of outro-transitions on the overall experience and presence of participants. We also take into account how long an outro-transition may take and how comfortable our participants perceived the proposed techniques. The study points out that they preferred non-interactive outro-transitions over interactive ones, except for a transition that allowed VR users to communicate with presenters. Furthermore, we explore the presenter-VR user relation within a presentation scenario that uses short VR experiences. The study indicates involving presenters that can stop a VR session was not only negligible but preferred by our participants.

Cognitive factors can influence self-motion perception (vection) in virtual reality

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard E. Riecke ◽  
Jörg Schulte-Pelkum ◽  
Marios N. Avraamides ◽  
Markus Von Der Heyde ◽  
Heinrich H. Bülthoff
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Motion Perception ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Self Motion

Scene consistency and spatial presence increase the sensation of self-motion in virtual reality

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard E. Riecke ◽  
Jörg Schulte-Pelkum ◽  
Marios N. Avraamides ◽  
Markus von der Heyde ◽  
Heinrich H. Bülthoff
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Spatial Presence ◽  
Self Motion

scholarly journals Pain Perception in Taekwondo: Relationship to Injury, Experience, and Time Loss

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
pp. E53-E58
Author(s):  
Renee T. Zhao ◽  
Abdullah Kandil ◽  
Danh V. Nguyen ◽  
Luis Campos ◽  
Nirav H. Amin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Error ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Numeric Rating Scale ◽  
Acute Injury ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
Significant Positive Association

AbstractWhile the majority of sports medicine literature discusses the incidence and rehabilitation of sports injuries, there is a paucity regarding an athlete’s perception of pain during these injuries. This study describes the relationship between the perception of pain from injuries in a Taekwondo collegiate conference and injury characteristics such as injury type, location, mechanism, time loss, and the athlete’s competitive experience. In our study, we obtained reports from 62 Taekwondo athletes who were injured during the 2008–2009 Pacific West Taekwondo Conference collegiate season. Pain was recorded using the Numeric Rating Scale for Pain during athletes’ acute injury and at two weeks, six weeks, and subsequent monthly follow-ups. Pain scores were highest for sprain/strains (mean 5.4, standard error 0.47) and injuries to the lower body (mean 5.6, standard error 0.36). By mechanism, falls (mean 5.8, standard error 0.67) reported the highest levels of pain. There was a significant positive association between pain and time loss, where an increase in pain score of 1 point was associated with about 0.85 days (standard error 0.37) of time lost from training (p=0.0284). Notably, head injuries, although potentially more devastating and attracting widespread concern, were considered less painful.

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