CharKey: An electronic identification key for wood charcoals of French Guiana

ABSTRACT Tropical tree floras are highly diverse and many genera and species share similar anatomical patterns, making the identification of tropical wood charcoal very difficult. Appropriate tools to characterize charcoal anatomy are thus needed to facilitate and improve identification in such species-rich areas. This paper presents the first computer-aided identification key designed for charcoals from French Guiana, based on the wood anatomy of 507 species belonging to 274 genera and 71 families, which covers respectively 28%, 67% and 86% of the tree species, genera and families currently listed in this part of Amazonia. Species of the same genus are recorded together except those described under a synonym genus in Détienne et al. (1982) that were kept separately. As a result, the key contains 289 ‘items’ and mostly aims to identify charcoals at the genus level. It records 26 anatomical features leading to 112 feature states, almost all of which are illustrated by SEM photographs of charcoal. The descriptions were mostly taken from Détienne et al.’s guidebook on tropical woods of French Guiana (1982) and follow the IAWA list of microscopic features for hardwood identification (Wheeler et al. 1989). Some adjustments were made to a few features and those that are unrelated to charcoal identification were excluded. The whole tool, named CharKey, contains the key itself and the associated database including photographs. It can be downloaded on Figshare at https://figshare.com/s/d7d40060b53d2ad60389 (doi: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6396005). CharKey is accessible using the free software Xper2, specifically conceived for taxonomic description and computer aided-identification.

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Wood anatomy of the Mascarene Dombeyoideae: Systematic and ecological implications

IAWA Journal ◽

10.1163/22941932-90000073 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 493-519 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Anaïs Boura ◽

Timothée Le Péchon ◽

Romain Thomas

Keyword(s):

Evolutionary History ◽

Wood Anatomy ◽

Sister Group ◽

Biological Data ◽

Sister Group Relationship ◽

Anatomical Features ◽

Ecological Implications ◽

History Of ◽

Mascarene Islands ◽

Almost All

The Dombeyoideae (Malvaceae) are one of the most diversified groups of plants in the Mascarene Islands. Species of Dombeya Cav., Ruizia Cav. and Trochetia DC. are distributed in almost all parts of the archipelago and show a wide diversity in their growth forms. This study provides the first wood anatomical descriptions of 17 out of the 22 Mascarene species of Dombeyoideae. Their wood anatomy is similar to that of previously described species: wide vessels, presence of both apotracheal and paratracheal parenchyma, and storied structure. In addition, we also found a second wood anatomical pattern with narrower vessels, high vessel frequency and thick-walled fibres. The two aforementioned wood patterns are considered in a phylogenetic context and used to trace the evolutionary history of several wood anatomical features. For example, the pseudoscalariform pit arrangement supports a sister group relationship between Trochetia granulata Cordem. and T. blackburniana Bojer ex Baker and may be a new synapomorphy of the genus Trochetia. Finally, wood variability is evaluated in relation to geographic, climatic and biological data. Despite the juvenile nature of some of the specimens studied, we discuss how the habit, but also factors related to humidity, influence the variability observed in the Mascarene Dombeyoideae wood structure.

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Wood Anatomy and Fibre Quality of the Least Known Timbers Belong to Actinidiaceae from Indonesia

Wood Research Journal ◽

10.51850/wrj.2019.10.2.33-38 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 33-38

Author(s):

Ratih Damayanti ◽

Listya Mustika Dewi

Keyword(s):

Wood Anatomy ◽

Pulp And Paper ◽

Timber Species ◽

Fibre Quality ◽

Anatomical Features ◽

Light Yellow ◽

Quality Classification ◽

Microscopic Features ◽

Bright Color

Wood anatomy of 417 genera and 86 families belong to the major, minor, and the lesser known timbers of South- East Asia have been studied and described in 3 volumes of PROSEA books. This paper deals with timber species of the least known timbers, which have not been treated in the above mentioned PROSEA books, i.e.: Saurauia bracteosa, S. capitulata., and S. nudiflora from family Actinidiaceae. The objective of this study was to acquire descriptions of their anatomical features and evaluate the quality of their fibres for pulp and paper manufacture. Samples were provided by Xylarium Bogoriense, which were collected from various forest areas in Indonesia. Microscopic features observed comprise all features those listed by IAWA Committee in 1989. Fibre quality was determined based on their dimension and evaluated according to quality classification developed by FPRDC Bogor. The results indicate that identification of timber up to genera level is possible. Fibres of Saurauia spp. fall into quality class I, which means good for pulp and paper. The descriptions of anatomical features were presented. Sauraria have bright color, light yellow to light brown, fine texture, light, smooth to rather rough surface, and make it suitable to substitute ramin (Gonystylus spp.)

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Anatomia da madeira de três lauráceas da Floresta Estacional de Misiones, Argentina

Ciência e Natura ◽

10.5902/2179460x27021 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 21 (21) ◽

pp. 77 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Graciela Inês Bolzon de Muñiz ◽

José Newton Cardoso Marchiori

Keyword(s):

Wood Anatomy ◽

The Other ◽

Anatomical Features ◽

Other Hand ◽

Ray Parenchyma ◽

Microscopic Features

The wood anatomy of Nectandra lanceolata Nees et Mart. Ex Nees, Nectandra saligna Nees et Mart. ex Nees and Ocotea puberula Nees are studied in their general and microscopic features. The three species share the most important anatomical features, described in the literature for the Lauraceae family. Nectandra lanceolata may be easily set apart from the other two species by the absence of crystals in its wood. Nectandra saligna, on the other hand, distinguishes itself from Ocotea puberula by the abundance of crystals in the ray structure and by the presence of oil cells, both in axial and ray parenchyma.

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Anatomia da madeira de duas Araliáceas da Floresta Estacional de Misiones, Argentina

Ciência e Natura ◽

10.5902/2179460x26774 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 19 (19) ◽

pp. 143

Author(s):

Graciela I. B. de Muñiz ◽

José Newton Cardoso Marchiori

Keyword(s):

Wood Anatomy ◽

The Other ◽

Anatomical Features ◽

Other Hand ◽

Microscopic Features ◽

Perforation Plates ◽

Vestured Pits

The wood anatomy of Didymopanax morototonii (Aubl.) Dcne. & Planch. and Pentapanax warmingianus (March.) Harms. are studied in their general and microscopic features. Both species share the most important anatomical features, described in the literature for the Araliaceae family. Didymopanax morototonii presents vestured and mostly scalariform pits and scalariform perforation plates in vessel members. Pentapanax warmingianus, on the other hand, does not have vestured pits and shows round or polygonal pits and mostly simple perforation plates in vessel members.

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Pl@ntwood: A Computer-Assisted Identification Tool for 110 species of amazon trees based on wood Anatomical Features

IAWA Journal ◽

10.1163/22941932-90000053 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 221-232 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Carolina Sarmiento ◽

Pierre Détienne ◽

Christine Heinz ◽

Jean-François Molino ◽

Pierre Grard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

Tropical Species ◽

Computer Assisted ◽

Accurate Identification ◽

Anatomical Features ◽

System A ◽

Microscopic Features ◽

On Line ◽

User Friendly ◽

Identification Tool

Sustainable management and conservation of tropical trees and forests require accurate identification of tree species. Reliable, user-friendly identification tools based on macroscopic morphological features have already been developed for various tree floras. Wood anatomical features provide also a considerable amount of information that can be used for timber traceability, certification and trade control. Yet, this information is still poorly used, and only a handful of experts are able to use it for plant species identification. Here, we present an interactive, user-friendly tool based on vector graphics, illustrating 99 states of 27 wood characters from 110 Amazonian tree species belonging to 34 families. Pl@ntWood is a graphical identification tool based on the IDAO system, a multimedia approach to plant identification. Wood anatomical characters were selected from the IAWA list of microscopic features for hardwood identification, which will enable us to easily extend this work to a larger number of species. A stand-alone application has been developed and an on-line version will be delivered in the near future. Besides allowing non-specialists to identify plants in a user-friendly interface, this system can be used with different purposes such as teaching, conservation, management, and selftraining in the wood anatomy of tropical species.

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Ferulago akpulatii (Apiaceae): A new species from Central Anatolia, Turkey

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.518.2.2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 518 (2) ◽

pp. 100-108

Author(s):

BAHAR GÜRDAL ◽

BÜLENT OLCAY ◽

HÜSEYİN ONUR TUNCAY ◽

EMİNE AKALIN

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Leaf Shape ◽

Identification Key ◽

Central Anatolia ◽

Cauline Leaf ◽

Anatomical Features ◽

Diagnostic Characteristics ◽

Morphological Differences ◽

A New Species ◽

Inflorescence Type

Ferulago akpulatii (Apiaceae) is described as a new species endemic to Central Anatolia, Turkey. It is closely related to Ferulago platycarpa and F. pauciradiata, and is easily distinguished by its cauline leaf shape, inflorescence type, and fruit features. The main morphological differences between Ferulago akpulatii and related taxa are discussed, and the diagnostic characteristics, including the anatomical features of fruits, are given in detail. An identification key of Ferulago akpulatii and the morphologically closer species is also provided.

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In vitro effectiveness of biapenem against IMP-producing Enterobacteriaceae

Journal of Medical Microbiology ◽

10.1099/jmm.0.001430 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 70 (10) ◽

Author(s):

Kazuyoshi Gotoh ◽

Makoto Miyoshi ◽

I Putu Bayu Mayura ◽

Koji Iio ◽

Osamu Matsushita ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Therapeutic Option ◽

Small Data ◽

Limited Data ◽

Data Set ◽

Content Type ◽

Link Type ◽

Almost All ◽

New Treatments ◽

Time Kill

The options available for treating infections with carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) are limited; with the increasing threat of these infections, new treatments are urgently needed. Biapenem (BIPM) is a carbapenem, and limited data confirming its in vitro killing effect against CPE are available. In this study, we examined the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of BIPM for 14 IMP-1-producing Enterobacteriaceae strains isolated from the Okayama region in Japan. The MICs against almost all the isolates were lower than 0.5 µg ml−1, indicating susceptibility to BIPM, while approximately half of the isolates were confirmed to be bacteriostatic to BIPM. However, initial killing to a 99.9 % reduction was observed in seven out of eight strains in a time–kill assay. Despite the small data set, we concluded that the in vitro efficacy of BIPM suggests that the drug could be a new therapeutic option against infection with IMP-producing CPE.

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Significance of Wood Anatomical Features to the Taxonomy of Five Cola Species

Sustainable Agriculture Research ◽

10.5539/sar.v1n2p21 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 21 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Akinloye A. J. ◽

Illoh H. C. ◽

Olagoke O. A.

Keyword(s):

Wood Anatomy ◽

Diagnostic Value ◽

Font Size ◽

Anatomical Features ◽

Xylem Fibre ◽

Cola Nitida ◽

Cola Acuminata

Wood anatomy of five Cola species was investigated to identify and describe anatomical features in search of distinctive characters that could possibly be used in the resolution of their taxonomy. Transverse, tangential and radial longitudinal sections and macerated samples were prepared into microscopic slides. Characteristic similarity and disparity in the tissues arrangement as well as cell inclusions were noted for description and delimitation. All the five Cola species studied had essentially the same anatomical features, but the difficulty posed by the identification of Cola acuminata and Cola nitida when not in fruit could be resolved using anatomical features. Cola acuminata have extensive fibre and numerous crystals relative to Cola nitida, while Cola hispida and Cola millenii are the only species having monohydric crystals. Cola gigantica is the only species that have few xylem fibres while other species have extensive xylem fibre. These features have proved very functional and strongly of diagnostic value in the classification and delimitation of the studied Cola species.

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Foliar habit in mistletoe–host associations

Botany ◽

10.1139/cjb-2016-0238 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 95 (3) ◽

pp. 219-229 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gerhard Glatzel ◽

Hanno Richter ◽

Mohan Prasad Devkota ◽

Guillermo Amico ◽

Sugwang Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South America ◽

Woody Plants ◽

Wood Anatomy ◽

Southern South America ◽

Main Driver ◽

Almost All ◽

The Tropics ◽

Nutrient Conservation ◽

Large Vessels ◽

Host Associations

Foliar habit in parasite–host associations of mistletoes and trees is a neglected aspect in the discussion of foliar habit of woody plants. Almost all of the world’s mistletoe species are evergreen, regardless of the foliar habit of their hosts. Deciduous mistletoes are rare and confined to the northern fringes of Loranthaceae in Eurasia, and to Misodendraceae and the monotypic genus Desmaria (Loranthaceae) in southern South America. There are no deciduous mistletoes in the tropics and subtropics. Based on existing information and hypotheses on foliar habit, we asked why the majority of mistletoe species is evergreen, even on deciduous hosts, and why seasonality is apparently no driver for the evolution of deciduousness in parasite–host systems. We postulate that nutrient conservation is the main driver for evergreenness in mistletoes. Based on our own observations of wood anatomy in the host–haustorium–mistletoe continuum we hypothesize that the phenomenon of deciduousness in northerly Loranthus species is a consequence of interrupted water supply in large vessels after frost. In South America we could not find a consistent correlation between wood anatomy and deciduousness. We assume that deciduousness in these mistletoes evolved long ago in Antarctic forests under climatic and ecological conditions quite different from today.

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Anatomia da madeira de Colletia paradoxa (Spreng.) Escalante

Ciência e Natura ◽

10.5902/2179460x25024 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 5 (5) ◽

pp. 161

Author(s):

José Newton Cardoso Marchiori

Keyword(s):

Wood Anatomy ◽

Small Diameter ◽

Rio Grande ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Microscopic Anatomy ◽

Physiological Aspect ◽

Anatomical Features ◽

Vessel Elements ◽

Ray Cells ◽

Perforation Plates

This paper deals with the description of general, macroscopic and microscopic anatomy of Colletia paradoxa (Spreng.) Escalante, an aphyllous and xerophilous shrub from Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil). Pores of very small diameter, very short vessel elements, spiral thickenings and simple perforation plates in vessels, non sptate libriform fibers, scanty paratracheal axial paranchyma, and Heterogeneous II rays were observed in the wood.. Perforated cells are also common in rays. The presence of perforated ray cells and anatomical features of the vessel elements are discussed with respect to eco-physiological aspect of the plant and wood anatomy literature.

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