Wood Anatomy and Fibre Quality of the Least Known Timbers Belong to Actinidiaceae from Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Ratih Damayanti ◽  
Listya Mustika Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Fibre Quality ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Light Yellow ◽  
Quality Classification ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
Bright Color

Wood anatomy of 417 genera and 86 families belong to the major, minor, and the lesser  known timbers of South- East Asia have been studied and described in 3 volumes of PROSEA books. This paper deals with timber species  of the least known timbers, which have  not been  treated in the above  mentioned  PROSEA books, i.e.:  Saurauia bracteosa, S. capitulata., and S. nudiflora from family Actinidiaceae.  The  objective  of this study was  to acquire  descriptions of their anatomical  features and evaluate  the quality of their fibres for pulp and paper manufacture. Samples were provided by Xylarium Bogoriense,   which were collected  from various  forest  areas   in  Indonesia.   Microscopic features  observed comprise all features those listed by IAWA Committee in 1989. Fibre quality was determined based  on their dimension and evaluated  according to quality classification developed  by FPRDC  Bogor. The results indicate  that identification of timber up to genera level is possible. Fibres of Saurauia spp.  fall into quality class  I, which  means   good  for pulp and paper. The descriptions of anatomical features were presented. Sauraria have  bright color, light yellow to light brown, fine texture, light, smooth to rather rough surface,  and make it suitable to substitute ramin (Gonystylus  spp.)

scholarly journals CharKey: An electronic identification key for wood charcoals of French Guiana

IAWA Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-S20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphanie C. Bodin ◽  
Rita Scheel-Ybert ◽  
Jacques Beauchêne ◽  
Jean-François Molino ◽  
Laurent Bremond
Keyword(s):  
French Guiana ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Taxonomic Description ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
Tropical Woods ◽  
Almost All

ABSTRACT Tropical tree floras are highly diverse and many genera and species share similar anatomical patterns, making the identification of tropical wood charcoal very difficult. Appropriate tools to characterize charcoal anatomy are thus needed to facilitate and improve identification in such species-rich areas. This paper presents the first computer-aided identification key designed for charcoals from French Guiana, based on the wood anatomy of 507 species belonging to 274 genera and 71 families, which covers respectively 28%, 67% and 86% of the tree species, genera and families currently listed in this part of Amazonia. Species of the same genus are recorded together except those described under a synonym genus in Détienne et al. (1982) that were kept separately. As a result, the key contains 289 ‘items’ and mostly aims to identify charcoals at the genus level. It records 26 anatomical features leading to 112 feature states, almost all of which are illustrated by SEM photographs of charcoal. The descriptions were mostly taken from Détienne et al.’s guidebook on tropical woods of French Guiana (1982) and follow the IAWA list of microscopic features for hardwood identification (Wheeler et al. 1989). Some adjustments were made to a few features and those that are unrelated to charcoal identification were excluded. The whole tool, named CharKey, contains the key itself and the associated database including photographs. It can be downloaded on Figshare at https://figshare.com/s/d7d40060b53d2ad60389 (doi: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6396005). CharKey is accessible using the free software Xper2, specifically conceived for taxonomic description and computer aided-identification.

Inside Wood – A Web resource for hardwood anatomy

IAWA Journal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth A. Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Virtual Reference ◽  
Web Resource ◽  
Research And Teaching ◽  
Reference Collection ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
Digital Collection

Inside Wood is an Internet-accessible wood anatomy reference, research, and teaching tool. The InsideWood database has coded wood anatomical descriptions based on the IAWA List of Microscopic Features for Hardwood Identification and is accompanied by a collection of photomicrographs. As of November 2010 there were over 5,800 descriptions and 36,000 images of modern woods, and over 1,600 descriptions and 2,000 images of fossil woods. CITES-listed timber species and other endangered woody plants are included in this digital collection hosted by North Carolina State University’s library. This web site has value in helping with wood identification because it has a multiple entry key that allows searching by presence or absence of IAWA features and it serves as a virtual reference collection whereby descriptions and images can be retrieved by searching by scientific or common name or other keywords.

scholarly journals Anatomia da madeira de três lauráceas da Floresta Estacional de Misiones, Argentina

1999 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graciela Inês Bolzon de Muñiz ◽  
José Newton Cardoso Marchiori
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Ray Parenchyma ◽  
Microscopic Features

The wood anatomy of Nectandra lanceolata Nees et Mart. Ex Nees, Nectandra saligna Nees et Mart. ex Nees and Ocotea puberula Nees are studied in their general and microscopic features. The three species share the most important anatomical features, described in the literature for the Lauraceae family. Nectandra lanceolata may be easily set apart from the other two species by the absence of crystals in its wood. Nectandra saligna, on the other hand, distinguishes itself from Ocotea puberula by the abundance of crystals in the ray structure and by the presence of oil cells, both in axial and ray parenchyma.

Wood anatomy of endangered Brazilian tree species

IAWA Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 510-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arno Fritz das Neves Brandes ◽  
Bruno Quiroga Novello ◽  
Davi Neves de Lemos ◽  
Leonardo Bona do Nascimento ◽  
Rafael Perpétuo Albuquerque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
Anatomical Information ◽  
Web Platform ◽  
Reference Samples ◽  
Trade Control

Abstract Endangered Brazilian tree species are traded on national and international scales. Efficient control of wood supply chains is fundamental to both species and environmental conservation. Wood anatomy offers an effective method for timber screening and diagnosis, although diagnostic tools and reliable reference materials are required to verify the precise timber species commercialized. We present here anatomical information that can be used for the identification of the wood of endangered Brazilian tree species, including coded wood anatomy descriptions following standardized lists of macroscopic and microscopic features, stereomicroscope and bright field microscope micrographs, and reference data (wood collections with reference samples and anatomical descriptions). Description datasets and interactive identification keys (macroscopic and microscopic) were made available on the Xper3 web platform (http://gbg.sites.uff.br/lamad/) and can aid trained front-line staff or professional wood anatomists in trade control and forensic timber identifications of endangered Brazilian species.

scholarly journals Anatomia da madeira de duas Araliáceas da Floresta Estacional de Misiones, Argentina

1997 ◽  
Vol 19 (19) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Graciela I. B. de Muñiz ◽  
José Newton Cardoso Marchiori
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
Perforation Plates ◽  
Vestured Pits

The wood anatomy of Didymopanax morototonii (Aubl.) Dcne. & Planch. and Pentapanax warmingianus (March.) Harms. are studied in their general and microscopic features. Both species share the most important anatomical features, described in the literature for the Araliaceae family. Didymopanax morototonii presents vestured and mostly scalariform pits and scalariform perforation plates in vessel members. Pentapanax warmingianus, on the other hand, does not have vestured pits and shows round or polygonal pits and mostly simple perforation plates in vessel members.

Reuse of Sludge from Pulp and Paper Industry Pilot and Full Scale Applications

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Eroǧlu ◽  
A. M. Saatçi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Primary Sludge ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Made In

Recent advances made in the reuse of pulp and paper industry sludges in hardboard production are explained. Data obtained from pilot and full-scale plants using primary sludge of a pulp and paper industry as an additive in the production of hardboard is presented. An economic analysis of the reuse of pulp and paper primary sludge in hardboard manufacturing is given. The quality of the hardboard produced is tested and compared with the qualities of the hardboard produced by the same plant before the addition of primary sludge. The hardboard with primary sludge additive has been used in Turkey for about a year in the manufacturing of office and home furniture. The results are very satisfactory when the primary sludge is used at 1/4 ratio.

Pl@ntwood: A Computer-Assisted Identification Tool for 110 species of amazon trees based on wood Anatomical Features

IAWA Journal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Sarmiento ◽  
Pierre Détienne ◽  
Christine Heinz ◽  
Jean-François Molino ◽  
Pierre Grard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
System A ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
On Line ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Identification Tool

Sustainable management and conservation of tropical trees and forests require accurate identification of tree species. Reliable, user-friendly identification tools based on macroscopic morphological features have already been developed for various tree floras. Wood anatomical features provide also a considerable amount of information that can be used for timber traceability, certification and trade control. Yet, this information is still poorly used, and only a handful of experts are able to use it for plant species identification. Here, we present an interactive, user-friendly tool based on vector graphics, illustrating 99 states of 27 wood characters from 110 Amazonian tree species belonging to 34 families. Pl@ntWood is a graphical identification tool based on the IDAO system, a multimedia approach to plant identification. Wood anatomical characters were selected from the IAWA list of microscopic features for hardwood identification, which will enable us to easily extend this work to a larger number of species. A stand-alone application has been developed and an on-line version will be delivered in the near future. Besides allowing non-specialists to identify plants in a user-friendly interface, this system can be used with different purposes such as teaching, conservation, management, and selftraining in the wood anatomy of tropical species.

scholarly journals Significance of Wood Anatomical Features to the Taxonomy of Five Cola Species

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akinloye A. J. ◽  
Illoh H. C. ◽  
Olagoke O. A.
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Xylem Fibre ◽  
Cola Nitida ◽  
Cola Acuminata

<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><p>Wood anatomy of five <em>Cola</em> species was investigated to identify and describe anatomical features in search of distinctive characters that could possibly be used in the resolution of their taxonomy. Transverse, tangential and radial longitudinal sections and macerated samples were prepared into microscopic slides. Characteristic similarity and disparity in the tissues arrangement as well as cell inclusions were noted for description and delimitation. All the five <em>Cola</em> species studied had essentially the same anatomical features, but the difficulty posed by the identification of <em>Cola acuminata </em>and <em>Cola nitida</em> when not in fruit could be resolved using anatomical features. <em>Cola acuminata</em> have extensive fibre and numerous crystals relative to <em>Cola nitida</em>,<em> </em>while<em> Cola hispida </em>and <em>Cola millenii</em> are the only species having monohydric crystals. <em>Cola gigantica </em>is the only species that have few xylem fibres while other species have extensive xylem fibre. These features have proved very functional and strongly of diagnostic value in the classification and delimitation of the studied <em>Cola </em>species.</p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span>

scholarly journals Anatomia da madeira de Colletia paradoxa (Spreng.) Escalante

1983 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
José Newton Cardoso Marchiori
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Microscopic Anatomy ◽  
Physiological Aspect ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Ray Cells ◽  
Perforation Plates

This paper deals with the description of general, macroscopic and microscopic anatomy of Colletia paradoxa (Spreng.) Escalante, an aphyllous and xerophilous shrub from Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil). Pores of very small diameter, very short vessel elements, spiral thickenings and simple perforation plates in vessels, non sptate libriform fibers, scanty paratracheal axial paranchyma, and Heterogeneous II rays were observed in the wood.. Perforated cells are also common in rays. The presence of perforated ray cells and anatomical features of the vessel elements are discussed with respect to eco-physiological aspect of the plant and wood anatomy literature.

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