Wood and Bark Anatomy of Buchenavia Eichl. (Combretaceae)1

IAWA Journal ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Angyallossy Alfonso ◽  
Hans Georg Richter
Keyword(s):  
Personal Communication ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Species Differentiation ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Variable Feature ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Bark Anatomy ◽  
Bark Structure

Wood and bark structure of Buchenavia (Combretaceae) was studied for infrageneric variation and taxonomic utility. Despite its wide neotropical distribution Buchenavia has a homogeneous wood anatomy, axial parenchyma distribution being the most variable feature. The presence or absence of septate fibres and presence and location of silica grains in ray and/or axial parenchyma might eventually allow recognition of individual species or species groups. Bark anatomy offers no diagnostic features for species differentiation. Wood and bark structure of Buchenavia (15 species studied) intergrades fully with that of neotropical Terminalia (5 species studied), thus corroborating results of studies on morphology (Exell ' Stace 1963) and leaf anatomy (Stace, personal communication, 1989) which postulate a very close relationship between the two genera.

Bark Structure of Deciduous Broad-Leaved Trees Grown in the San'in Region, Japan

IAWA Journal ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Furuno
Keyword(s):  
Individual Species ◽  
Secondary Phloem ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Broadleaved Tree Species ◽  
Broadleaved Tree ◽  
Bark Anatomy ◽  
Bark Structure ◽  
Diffuse Distribution

The bark anatomy of 55 deciduous broadleaved tree species from the San'in Region is described. Anatomical features of ray and axial parenchyma cells, phloem fibres, and sclereids are tabulated. Individual species have their own characteristic bark structure. The diversity in tissue arrangement in the secondary phloem could be classified according to the following types: 1a. Phloem fibres in concentric bands alternating with bands ofaxial parenchyma devoid of crystals and sieve elements; 1b. Fibre-sclereids (sclerotic fibres) in concentric bands; 2. As 1a, but fibre bands f1anked by chambered crystalliferous parenchyma; 3a. Broad rays sclerified and extending fanwise or with a very large clump of sclereids; 3b. In species with only narrow wood rays, part of the rays dilated to produce fanwise extensions; 4. Aggregate rays with fanwise extensions; 5. Phloem fibres in round or spindle-shaped clusters or irregular, short bands; 6. Phloem sclereids in round or spindle-shaped clusters or irregular, short bands; 7. Diffuse distribution of all phloem elements; 8. Convergence ofrays towards the cortex.

Wood and Bark Anatomy of Aristolochiaceae; Systematic and Habital Correlations

IAWA Journal ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherwin Carlquist
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Lateral Wall ◽  
Wood Structure ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
The Family ◽  
Bark Anatomy ◽  
Bark Structure

Wood of Aristolochiaceae has vessels with simple petforation plates; lateral wall pitting of vessels alternate to scalariform; tracheids, fibre-tracheids or libriform fibres present; axial parenchyma diffuse, diffuse-in-aggregates, scanty vasicentric, and banded apotracheal; rays wide and tall, paedomorphic, multiseriate only, little altered during ontogeny (new rays originate suddenly as wid~ multiseriate rays); ethereal oil cells present in rays; wood structure storied. All of these features occur in Lactoridaceae and Piperaceae, and support the grouping of Aristolochiaceae with these families and the nonwoody family Saururaceae. Chloranthaceae may be the family next closest to this assemblage. Druses characteristically occur in rays of Aristolochia. Tracheids in Aristolochia may be correlated with the lianoid habit, although Holostylis, a caudex perennial thought close to Aristolochia, also has tracheids. The fibre-tracheids and libriform fibres of Apama and Thottea may be related to the sympodial shrubby habit of those two genera. On the basis of one species each of Apama and Thottea, the genera differ with respect to wood anatomy. The paedomorphic ray structure of all genera of Aristolochiaceae suggests an herbaceous or minimally woody ancestry rather than ancestors with typically woody monopodial habit. Types of bark structure observed in the species surveyed are briefly characterised. Storied wood structure and presence of druses and ethereal oil cells in rays are newly reported for the family.

Bark anatomy of Nothofagus species (Nothofagaceae) indigenous to the Andean - Patagonian forest, Argentina

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Castro ◽  
N. M. Apóstolo ◽  
A. A. De Magistris
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Secondary Phloem ◽  
Infrageneric Classification ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Sieve Plates ◽  
Bark Anatomy ◽  
Patagonian Forest ◽  
Bark Structure

The bark structure of Nothofagus alpina (Poepp. et Endl.) Oerst., N. antarctica (G.Forster) Oerst. N. obliqua (Mirbel) Oerst., N. pumilio (Poepp. et Endl.) Krasser, N. betuloides (Mirbel) Oerst. and N. dombeyi (Mirbel) Oerst, native species from the Andean–Patagonian forests (Argentina), is described. Barks of the Nothofagus species are greyish to dark brown and have deep fissures, except that of N. obliqua. Non-collapsed secondary phloem has abundant sieve elements with scalariform compound sieve plates in oblique end walls, and with rounded to polygonal sieve areas in tangential walls. Axial parenchyma in secondary phloem is diffuse and/or arranged in discontinuous uni–triseriate tangential lines and bands. Crystalliferous axial parenchyma is present adjacent to sclerenchyma. Rays are usually homocellular, exclusively uniseriate in N. dombeyi to bi–triseriate in the other species. Fibres in secondary phloem are arranged in clusters, tangential lines and bands. Combined fibre and sclereid clusters are present in N. betuloides. Persistent rhytidomes usually include a variable proportion of bark. The present study helps to confirm the taxonomic placement of Nothofagaceae as a distinct family from Fagaceae, and supports the infrageneric classification of Nothofagus proposed by different authors.

Review of species of the genus Cercyon of Russia and adjacent regions. VI. Subgenus Cercyon, the C.shinanensis group (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.K. Ryndevich ◽  
H. Hoshina ◽  
A.A. Prokin
Keyword(s):  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Palaearctic Species ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Kunashir Island ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
The Russian Far East

The Cercyon shinanensis species group with two included species is erected within the nominotypical subgenus of Cercyon Leach, 1817. This group is compared with other Palaearctic species groups of Cercyon s. str. The little-known C. shinanensis Nakane, 1965 from Japan (Honshu) is redescribed and its diagnostic features are given. Cercyon sundukovi sp. nov. is described from the Russian Far East (Kunashir Island).

Wood and Bark Anatomy of Lauraceae. ii. Licaria Aublet

IAWA Journal ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Georg Richter
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Secondary Xylem ◽  
Secondary Phloem ◽  
Structural Profile ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Important Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Bark Anatomy

Qualitative features of the secondary xylem of Licaria present a rather uniform structural profile. Constant differences in primarily quantitative characters lead to the formation of speeies groups wh ich loosely correspond to infrageneric sections based on floral and vegetative morphology. This subdivision is strongly corroborated by the highly variable secondary phloem structurc revealing considerable diversity in type and distribution of sc1erenchymatic tissues. Inorganic inclusions in the secondary xylem, crystals and silica, constitute an important diagnostic tool for differentiating certain species and species groups, but are hardly of importance in the bark.

Forestry control in the Brazilian Amazon II: charcoal anatomy of 21 species

IAWA Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Marcelo Mendes Braga Júnior ◽  
Fernanda Ilkiu Borges de Souza ◽  
Luiz Eduardo de Lima Melo
Keyword(s):  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Charcoal Production ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Market Control ◽  
Commercial Species ◽  
Identification Of Species ◽  
Human Practices ◽  
Perforation Plates

Abstract The production of illegal charcoal, associated with other local human practices, is responsible for the degradation of native forests, especially in the Brazilian Amazon. The need for market control and charcoal production is accompanied by the lack of comparative charcoal materials from the Amazon. Here, we describe charcoal samples of 21 Brazilian species and provide SEM images that can facilitate the charcoal identification. It is possible to distinguish the species on the basis of anatomy. Features such as vessel groupings, vessel–ray pitting, perforation plates, axial parenchyma, ray cellular composition, storied structure and secretory elements were chosen as primary diagnostic features for the identification of species. We highlight vessel groupings, axial parenchyma type and in some cases even perforation plates, which were easily observed in low magnification SEM images and can assist in the supervision by government agents. From our descriptions, evaluations and photomicrographs, it will be possible to compare charcoal from commercial species from the Amazon.

scholarly journals Comparative larval morphology of eight species of Hypsiboas Wagler (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae) from Argentina and Uruguay, with a review of the larvae of this genus

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1927 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANCISCO KOLENC ◽  
CLAUDIO BORTEIRO ◽  
LEANDRO ALCALDE ◽  
DIEGO BALDO ◽  
DARIO CARDOZO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
The Body ◽  
Character State ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
Oral Disc ◽  
Taxonomic Distribution ◽  
Variable Feature ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Available Information

We studied the external and oral cavity morphology of the tadpoles of eight species of Hypsiboas in the H. albopunctatus, H. faber, H. punctatus and H. pulchellus species groups. After a review of the available information about larval external and oral cavity morphology, no character state seems to be synapomorphic for Hypsiboas. The presence of a fleshy projection in the inner margin of the nostrils and rounded vacuities of the anteromedial surface of the choanae (pending the confirmation of the latter in Hyloscirtus and Myersiohyla) seems to be synapomorphic for the tribe Cophomantini, as previously noticed by other authors. Some putative synapomorphies are suggested for some species groups of Hypsiboas, but a denser sampling is needed to study the taxonomic distribution of these character states, in order to determine which clades they may support. The presence of lateral flaps with labial teeth in the oral disc is a variable feature of many species in the H. faber and H. pulchellus groups. A spiracular tube free from the body wall is present in some species, mostly in the H. albopunctatus group, but also in the H. rufitelus, H. faber and H. pulchellus groups. Unique ventrolateral cumules of neuromasts are present in H. faber, and also in some species of other groups of Hypsiboas and of the sister genus Aplastodiscus. Our results highlight the importance of studying the taxonomic distribution of many character states that were sometimes overlooked in tadpole descriptions but seem relevant to test phylogenetic hypothesis.

Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical diving beetles genus Laccodytes Régimbart, 1895 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2347 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIO TOLEDO ◽  
PAUL J. SPANGLER ◽  
MICHAEL BALKE
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Species Identification ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
The North ◽  
Centre Of Diversity ◽  
Diving Beetles ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
North Eastern Part

The Neotropical Laccophilinae genus Laccodytes Régimbart, 1895 is redefined and revised. We recognize ten species, six of which are described as new. We define two species groups: the Laccodytes apalodes-group (L. apalodes Guignot, 1955, L. rondonia sp.n.), and the L. phalacroides-group (L. americanus Peschet, 1919, L. obscuratus sp.n., L. bassignanii sp.n., L. neblinae sp.n., L. olibroides Régimbart, 1895, L. phalacroides Régimbart, 1895, L. takutuanus sp.n., L. androginus sp.n.). Laccophilus pumilio LeConte, 1878, assigned to Laccodytes by Young (1954), belongs to an undescribed genus. Laccodytes species are lotic and most of them inhabit the north-eastern part of South America, apparently with Venezuela and Guyana as centre of diversity. Descriptions, illustrations and SEM photos of habitus, genitals and other diagnostic features are provided for each species, together with habitat notes, when known. We provide a key for species identification.

Bark Structure and Intergeneric Relationships of Some Southern African Cassinoideae (Celastraceae)

IAWA Journal ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Archer ◽  
Abraham E. van Wyk
Keyword(s):  
Southern Africa ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Considerable Extent ◽  
Wide Sense ◽  
Secondary Phloem ◽  
African Species ◽  
Bark Anatomy ◽  
Bark Structure

At present Cassine in southern Africa is treated in a wide sense (s.l.), including amongst others Allocassine p. p., Cassines. str., Crocoxylon, Elaeodendron, Lauridia, and Mystroxylon. A comparative anatomical study was made of mature bark representing 16 southern African species of Cassine s.l., and the monotypic Allocassine, Hartogiella and Maurocenia (all members of the subfamily Cassinoideae). Six bark types are distinguished on the basis of the type of sclerenchymatous elements in the secondary phloem; presence or absence of styloid crystals, e1astic threads, and sclerified phelloderm; stratified homogeneous phellem; and degree of rhytidome development. These correlate to a considerable extent with the generic subdivision of Cassine s.l. proposed by Loesener (1942) and Robson (1965). On the basis of bark anatomy and other evidence, it is proposed that the circumscription of Cassine be restricted to include only the southern African species C. peragua and C. parvifolia, and possibly Hartogiella. Crocoxylon, Elaeodendron, Lauridia and Mystroxylon should be reinstated or maintained, although with some modification of the originally defined generic limits.

Growth of Uneven-Aged Stands in New York's Adirondack Mountains

1987 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 136-139
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Temple ◽  
Ralph D. Nyland ◽  
Philip J. Craul
Keyword(s):  
Basal Area ◽  
Community Type ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Adirondack Mountains ◽  
Soil Series ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Periodic Treatment ◽  
Community Types ◽  
Species Groups

Abstract Prediction equations are presented for total standing volume and periodic annual increment among unevenaged stands in New York's Adirondacks. These use stand basal area, plus selected physical site and vegetal characteristics of the stand. Few plots located across a range of community types or soil series differed significantly in volume increment, suggesting that neither the community type nor soil series provides a reliable basis for forest site productivity classification. Hardwoods grow better than conifers on the deeper less podzolized soils, and individual species or species groups grow differently from one community type to another. Yet, the superior growth of one tends to compensate for the mediocre performance of others within some community types, resulting in similar levels of total stand growth between communities. Findings indicate which species to favor in marking different stands for periodic treatment. North. J. Appl. For. 4:136-139, Sept. 1987.

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