Island Politics

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-333
Author(s):  
Delia Ungureanu
Keyword(s):  
World System ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
French Translation ◽  
Andre Breton ◽  
Cultural Centers ◽  
André Breton ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The World ◽  
Literary Histories

Abstract In 1929, the father of surrealism André Breton and his friends published a “world map in the time of the surrealists,” which placed the Pacific in the center with a disappearing Europe and a nonexistent USA, and showing oversized islands from New Guinea to Ireland. During the 1930s, surrealist ideas and practices were creatively transformed beyond recognition by marginal writers who had emigrated to and/or excommunicated surrealists living in Paris. Looking beyond Casanova’s and Moretti’s centers and (semi)peripheries that organize the world system, I argue that by thinking instead of cultural centers like Paris as inhabited simultaneously both by central but also by (semi)peripheral writers we may get new and more nuanced insights into the circulation and transformation of ideas beyond the traditional story of surrealism told by literary histories. Using the example of the French translation of Joyce’s “Anna Livia Plurabelle,” I uncover the hidden story of the transformation of Joyce’s text into a surrealist cognate from the peripheries of surrealism itself.

Conclusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 357-366
Author(s):  
Paul Giles
Keyword(s):  
World System ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Michel Butor ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The World

The Conclusion summarizes this book’s thesis, arguing that the complexity of a postmodernism conceived in spherical terms involves principled resistance to flat models of any kind. It suggests that postmodernism is not inherently defined by any specific political or religious position, and that the geography of the Oceania and the Pacific, too often regarded as illegible within postmodern designs, offers a more rounded perspective on this field, one that opens it out to global and environmental issues. With reference to the fiction of Kim Stanley Robinson, Michel Butor, and David Mitchell, this Conclusion indicates that conditions of distance, transition, and reciprocity across different vectors of the world system should contribute to the reformulation of postmodernism according to a more planetary perspective.

The World’s Oldest Tsunami Victim at the Gateway to the Pacific—and Beyond

Tsunami ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 37-48
Author(s):  
James Goff ◽  
Walter Dudley
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Mass Graves ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The World ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Settlement Abandonment

The 1998 Papua New Guinea tsunami was a significant puzzle for scientists who finally cracked the cause, but it also marks the most recent event of many that can be dated back to at least 6,000 years ago where the skull of the oldest tsunami victim in the world was found. Papua New Guinea was also the starting point for the most remarkable navigational feat in the world, with Polynesians moving rapidly east into the Pacific Ocean, their settlement of the region being punctuated by hiatuses caused by catastrophic tsunamis approximately 3,000, 2,000, and 600 years ago. It was on isolated Pacific islands that humans first came into contact with the deadly Pacific Ring of Fire. Settlement abandonment, mass graves, and cultural collapse mark their progress.

scholarly journals The Orchids of Tonga, Niue, and the Cook Islands

Lankesteriana ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip Cribb ◽  
Arthur Whistler
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Cook Islands ◽  
Society Islands ◽  
Present Book ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The World ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Pacific Species

Orchids are one of the largest families of flowering plants in the Pacific region, especially in the tropics. Despite the remoteness of Tonga, Niue, and the Cook Islands, orchids have reached them in some numbers. Both terrestrial and epiphytic genera are well represented in the floras of these distant but neighboring archipelagos. Most of the species are found elsewhere in the Pacific, particularly in Fiji, Samoa, and the Society Islands. The affinities of these orchids can be traced to New Guinea and the adjacent archipelagos. New Guinea, with an estimated 3000 species that make it one of the richest orchid floras in the world, is a fertile source of seed for the scattered islands that lie to its east and southeast. The orchids appear to have reached Tonga, Niue, and the Cook Islands in recent times. Only two species, Habenaria amplifolia from Rarotonga and Robiquetia tongaensis from Tonga, are endemic to the islands covered in the present book, and both are closely related to more widespread Pacific species. This guide constitutes the fourth of a series of orchid floristic treatments that have so far covered Vanuatu (Lewis & Cribb 1989), the Solomon Islands and Bougainville (Lewis & Cribb 1991), and Samoa (Cribb & Whistler 1996). A recent, excellent and detailed account of the Fijian orchid flora (Kores 1991) has also been a valuable source for those interested in Pacific islands orchids. These accounts have generated renewed interest in the orchid floras of those archipelagos, leading to new discoveries and re-interpretations of several species. We hope that this small guide will likewise bring a renewal of interest in not only the orchids, but also the floras of these islands as a whole. 

scholarly journals Uso y significado de los objetos en la literatura francesa surrealista

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordi Luengo López
Keyword(s):  
Andre Breton ◽  
Written Text ◽  
Louis Aragon ◽  
André Breton ◽  
The World ◽  
Physical Level ◽  
The Way

El uso que en los textos surrealistas se le da a los objetos, constituye una de las bases de comunicación del pensamiento onírico de esta corriente artística, cuyo significante se reconoce en el particular modo de ver el mundo que tuvieron algunos escritores franceses. Centrándonos en la obra de André Breton y Louis Aragon se abordará este fenómeno a través del análisis del proceso de cristalización del objeto psíquico en el plano físico del texto escrito, no solo como elemento constituyente de la narración, sino también como objeto en sí al concebirse como poema-objeto o identificarse con el propio surrealismo.The use of objects in surrealist texts is one of the bases for communicating oneiric thought in this artistic movement, the meaning of which is recognised in the particular way that some French writers had of seeing the world. Focusing on the work of André Breton and Louis Aragon, this phenomenon is approached through an analysis of the process in which the psychological object is crystallised in the physical level of the written text, not only as an component of the narrative, but also as an object in its own right, in the way it is conceived as a poem-object or identified with surrealism itself.

Pigs in the New Guinea Highlands: an ethnographic example

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Sillitoe
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Subsistence Economy ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Pig Management ◽  
Constructive Engagement

Although archaeologists have long shown an interest in drawing on ethnographic parallels to further understanding of their findings (e.g. Orme 1981), anthropologists proved reluctant to engage in such endeavours for most of the 20th century. This was a reaction to the excesses of 19th century social evolutionary thinking that Europeans used in part to justify colonialism in various parts of the world, which they portrayed as an inevitable process as they, the ‘fittest’, encroached on the territories of ‘savages’. We have gradually been moving towards a more constructive engagement with archaeologists, and it is in this spirit that I offer this contribution to this volume, and have cooperated with archaeologist colleagues on other projects (Shott & Sillitoe 2001; 2004 Sillitoe & Hardy 2003). Nonetheless it comes with the usual anthropological warning about the need to maintain a culturally relative frame of mind when reading this chapter with a view to illuminating any archaeological data. There is no suggestion that the practices discussed here may be taken as somehow representative of any prehistoric population. Although those who live in a subsistence economy may offer more apt, better-scale comparisons with respect to pig-keeping than those who live in a market economy, the implication is not that they are stuck in the past. One cannot assume that such practices reflect those of ancient populations in Europe or elsewhere. They are unique cultural arrangements with their own histories. One of the most valuable lessons that we might draw from a consideration of ethnographic evidence is how enormously variable are human cultural formations, in this case in relation to pig management. In the Papua New Guinea Highlands it is with respect to socio-political exchange, which is developed in this region to extraordinary lengths (Sillitoe 1998), that we have to consider pig-keeping arrangements. The exchange focus conditions attitudes to pigs in ways that are unique, even surprising, for those of us accustomed to think in market terms. Furthermore, the data presented here should not be taken as typical of the Pacific region as they come from only one valley in the Highlands. The Melanesian region displays great cultural variety with regard to pig-keeping, as in other domains, and for a representative view one needs to consult a wide range of sources.

Being Obotunde Ijimere and M. Lovori: Mapping Ulli Beier’s intercultural hoaxes from Nigeria to Papua New Guinea

2020 ◽  
pp. 002198942096282
Author(s):  
Maebh Long
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
White Men ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Literary Magazines ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Literary Histories ◽  
The University ◽  
Papua New Guinean

Ulli Beier was a hugely influential figure in Nigerian and Papua New Guinean literature from the 1950s to the 1970s. He founded and edited numerous literary magazines, including Black Orpheus and Kovave, fostered unappreciated talent, and provided publication opportunities when few were available. The story of his dedication to nascent literary scenes in Africa and the Pacific is, however, marred by appropriation, as Beier wrote fraud into the literature of both countries. Writing under various Nigerian and Niuginian names, Beier conducted a series of literary hoaxes whose racial and cultural deceptions smuggle a white author into Indigenous literary histories, and exemplify the permissibility that even anticolonial white men granted themselves. In this article I explore Beier’s main racial alter egos – Obotunde Ijimere and M. Lovori – with an emphasis on his position as a lecturer and magazine editor at the University of Papua New Guinea.

Nadja: um diálogo entre a psicanálise e o surrealismo

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-28
Author(s):  
Ramaiana Freire Cardinali ◽  
Christian Ingo Lenz Dunker
Keyword(s):  
Andre Breton ◽  
André Breton

Este artigo traz uma leitura interdisciplinar de Nadja, romance escrito por André Breton em 1928, a partir das concepções de realidade propostas pelos surrealistas e pela psicanálise. No surrealismo, através da critica ao realismo, surge o conceito de surreal, com o qual artistas passaram a se exprimir em produções artísticas e em uma conduta particular de vida no pós-guerra. Na psicanálise, Freud foi levado a superar a dicotomia entre interno/externo, assim como entre normal/patológico, implicando, com isso, uma nova concepção de realidade, que posteriormente foi reformulada por Lacan sob o conceito de real. Esta leitura traz como decorrência a denúncia ao conformismo e a superação das falsas dicotomias, ensejando, tanto com a psicanálise quanto com o surrealismo, uma transformação na práxis do sujeito.

To the discussion about the modern world order

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
A. Mustafabeyli
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Intergovernmental Relations ◽  
World System ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
World Order ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The World ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Second World

In many political researches there if a conclusion that the world system which was founded after the Second world war is destroyed of chaos. But the world system couldn`t work while the two opposite systems — socialist and capitalist were in hard confrontation. After collapse of the Soviet Union and the European socialist community the nature of intergovernmental relations and behavior of the international community did not change. The power always was and still is the main tool of international communication.

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