scholarly journals “I hope you can let this go”/ “Ich hoffe, Sie können das fallen lassen”—Focus on the Perlocutionary in Contrastive Pragmatics

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Kramsch
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
New York Times ◽  
Communicative Language Teaching ◽  
Illocutionary Force ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Illocutionary Acts ◽  
Press Report ◽  
Perlocutionary Effect

Abstract Pragmatics has focused predominantly on the locutionary form and illocutionary force of utterances but largely ignored their perlocutionary effects. A shift toward the perlocutionary would require much greater attention being given to the historical and political context in the production and reception of utterances, as well as to interpretation as a performative process. This paper takes as empirical data a press report on the performance of a particular speech act by Donald Trump and its perlocutionary effect both on his addressee and on the readers of the incident as reported in the online versions of the New York Times and Die Zeit. It shows the value of focusing on perlocution for the study of political discourse in these global times. It also shows what pedagogical purchase can be gained by discussing perlocutionary acts and effects in communicative language teaching, rather than focusing exclusively on illocutionary acts.

scholarly journals An Analysis of the Illocutionary Acts on Donald Trump's Presidential Candidacy Speech

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Desinta Larasati ◽  
Arjulayana - Arjulayana ◽  
Cut Novita Srikandi
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Illocutionary Force ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Illocutionary Acts ◽  
Illocutionary Act ◽  
Act One ◽  
Perlocutionary Act

ABSTRACTLearning language will also relate to speech act. When a speaker produce an utterance as well as utilize it to perform an action, it means that the speaker practices speech acts. In another hand, speech acts can be defined as an utterance used by speaker to perform an action. Speech acts are divided into three such as locutionary act, illocutionary act, and perlocutionary act. One of them is illocutionary act. The illocutionary act refers to what someone does in saying something. In this act, illocutionary force is the speaker’s intent addressed to hearer. This research is aimed to find the types of illocutionary acts and identifying about how utterances in the Donald Trump’s speeches are able to be included into certain type of illocutionary acts be based on Searle’s theory. This research is designed in descriptive qualitative. The data is collected by documentation. The primary data are taken from two transcripts of Donald Trump’s presidential candidacy speeches. While the secondary data are related theories obtained from literary books and journals. The procedure of analyzing the data starts by finding out the types of illocutionary acts in the Donald Trump’s presidential candidacy speeches by using the illocutionary acts’ classifications proposed by Searle (1969). After that, the researcher also identifies about the different frequency of illocutionary acts appearances and the dominant illoctionary acts appeared in the Donald Trump’s presidential candidacy speeches. The finding shows that the type of illocutionary acts found in the Donald Trump’s speeches were assertive, commissive, expressive, and directive. Eventhough the types of illocutionary acts found in Donald Trump’s speeches were exactly the same, but they were different in the frequency of appearance. Donald Trump produced mostly assertive type of illocutionary acts and also asserting category of illocutionary type in both of the speeches. Moreover, some utterances are included into assertive type of illocutionary acts due to the fact that they have a suitability with the explanation of assertive type of illocutionary acts proposed by Searle.Keywords: Illocutionary Acts, Speech Acts, Presidential Candidacy Speeches.

scholarly journals An Investigation on How University Students’ View Lecturers’ Usage of Speech Acts in ELT context

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
Mutiara Shasqia ◽  
Aulia Anggraini
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Classroom Interaction ◽  
Speech Act Theory ◽  
Specific Time ◽  
Illocutionary Acts ◽  
Communication Context ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
Perlocutionary Effect

Teachers and lecturers alike understand that they must consciously use a variety of speech acts to force students to follow their instructions and be motivated to learn on their own. This paper reports the findings of a study designed to investigate the notion of the perlocutionary effect of university students in the classroom resulted from lecturers’ illocutionary acts. The acts were then analyzed the illocutionary act of the lecturers’ talk or speech during specific time using Austin’s speech act theory. This present study built its investigation from data collection on both lecturers and university students through interview and field notes. This study manage to reveals that lecturers freely use speech acts of persuading, angering, and commanding. This study believes that illocutionary acts will still have happened in our interaction's life or communication in many-many context including classroom interaction between lecturer-students communication context.

scholarly journals SPEECH ACTS ANALYSIS OF DONALD TRUMP’S SPEECH

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Nura Siti Mufiah ◽  
Muhammad Yazid Nur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Speech Act Theory ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Illocutionary Acts ◽  
Illocutionary Act ◽  
Inaugural Speech ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

This research deals with the types of illocutionary acts in Donald Trump’s Inaugural Speech. The research concerns with illocutionary act produced by Donald Trumps as a President of American. The aim of this research was to analyze the types of illocutionary speech act which was dominantly used in that speech. This research applied descriptive qualitative method and speech act theory by Yule. There were 63 utterances and the percentage of utterances were Representative 46%, Expressive 11%, Directive 16%, Commissive 12,7%, and Declarative 14,3%. The result showed that Donald Trump assert to the audience about the nation will be.It is found that Trump’s speech acts in his speech are intended as statement of fact and assertion. Disscussion of hopes implied in Trump’s speech acts. As seen on the table above, it can be seen that Trump hoped that his audiences would be persuaded to act 

scholarly journals A pragmatic study of speech as an instrument of power: Analysis of the 2016 USA presidential debate

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-113
Author(s):  
Misyi Gusthini ◽  
Cece Sobarna ◽  
Rosaria Mita Amalia
Keyword(s):  
Power Analysis ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Hillary Clinton ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Presidential Candidates ◽  
Illocutionary Acts ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Research Show ◽  
Made In

This research was aimed at analyzing the speeches of Donald Trump and of Hillary Clinton in the USA Presidential candidates’ debates as instruments of power. The data is a presidential final debate video of Trump and Clinton made in September 2016 which has been converted into a transcript. The data analyzing technique is divided into three steps: 1) describing the context, 2) analyzing the illocutionary acts, and 3) analyzing the power dimensions. The results of this research show that the speakers use the speech act as an instrument of power with classifications of representative, commissive and expressive. In this regard, the researchers found that the speakers demonstrated their power to try to convince the voters in their society to trust them to be the president. The research results also showed that the usage of speech in debate as an instrument of power can influence the voters especially on Election Day.

scholarly journals Human Shields, Sovereign Power, and the Evisceration of the Civilian

AJIL Unbound ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 329-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neve Gordon ◽  
Nicola Perugini
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
United Nations ◽  
New York Times ◽  
Press Release ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Sovereign Power ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
The New York Times ◽  
Pope Francis ◽  
Military Campaign

Human shields were prominent in the 2016 military campaign seeking to recapture Mosul from the hands of ISIS militants. On October 24, 2016, Pope Francis expressed his concern over the use of over two hundred boys and men as human shields in the Iraqi city. In an election rally the following day, Donald Trump decried the enemy's use of “human shields all over the place,” while the New York Times reported that the Islamic State is driving hundreds of civilians into Mosul, using them as human shields. A few days later, the United Nations disseminated a press release, warning that ISIS militants are using “tens of thousands” as human shields, thus casting massive numbers of Iraqi civilians as weapons of war.

Trump, die Medien und der Widerstand

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 65-74
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York Times ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Donald Trump

Am Morgen des 29. Juli 2018 tweetete der amerikanische Präsident Donald Trump: «Hatte ein sehr gutes Treffen im Weißen Haus mit A.G. Sulzberger, Chefredakteur der New York Times. Haben lange über die ungeheuren Berge an Fake News geredet, die in den Medien verbreitet werden & wie aus diesen Fake News irgendwann der Ausdruck 'Volksfeind' geworden ist. Traurig." Zwei Stunden später ging Sulzberg mit einer Stellungsnahme an die Öffentlichkeit, um der Darstellung des Präsidenten zu widersprechen und klarzustellen, dass er sich zu dem Treffen bereit erklärt hatte, «um Bedenken angesichts der überaus beunruhigenden presssefeindlichen Rhetorik des Präsidenten zum Ausdruck zu bringen», und dass er dem Präsidenten mitgeteilt habe, «seine Sprache sei nicht nur spalterisch, sondern in zunehmendem Maße gefährlich». Weiter führte er aus, dass «der Ausdruck 'Fake News' unwahr und schädlich ist», dass ihn aber «Trumps Charakterisierung der Journalisten als 'Volksfeind' weit mehr beunruhigt.»

scholarly journals Crafting the JFK legend: How the Kennedy story is constructed and retold

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Dwynwen A. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
New York Times ◽  
The New York Times ◽  
Authorial Intent ◽  
Dallas Morning News ◽  
Newspaper Articles

This thesis explores how the ambivalently multifarious Kennedy ‘stories’ of JFK as Icon or Myth are constructed and how its ‘telling’ has been profoundly influenced by authorial intent. In contrast with much of the Kennedy literature, that often blurs the two, the thesis therefore works with a strong distinction between ‘Icon’ as having wholly positive connotations and ‘Myth’ as a narrative which either falsifies or negatively debunks any pre-existing positive accounts of its subject matter.My focus on newspaper articles, in particular from The New York Times and The Dallas Morning News, arises from the familiarly powerful claim that journalists write ‘the first draft of history’, although the thesis also reaches beyond journalism. Crucial to the argument is E. H. Carr’s historiography and its contention that historical facts are selected and presented according to particular hypotheses utilized by historians of any stripe for their own particular purposes. The thesis uses J. L. Austin’s theory of speech acts to demonstrate how the telling of the Kennedy story has variously employed techniques not only supposedly just to describe his legacy (the locutionary speech act) but also a) to create a legacy (the illocutionary speech act) and b) to influence audience attitudes toward the legacy (the perlocutionary speech act).The malleability of the Kennedy story helps to explain the reason why there remains so many attempts to retell it. The thesis also opens up consideration as to why it is this particular story that so many still want to hear.

Muḥammad’s Conversations with the Bedouin: a Speech-Act Analysis of Prophetic Discourse in Hadith

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Mohd Faizal Kasmani ◽  
Sofia Hayati Yusoff ◽  
Osama Kanaker
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Speech Act Theory ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Illocutionary Force ◽  
Communication Style ◽  
John Searle ◽  
Perlocutionary Effect ◽  
Speech Act Analysis

Abstract Speech-act theory allows us to study how words have an impact in real life and the performative nature of words. At the same time, it can also contribute to an understanding of communication style and communication strategy. In this article, speech-act theory is applied to the conversations of Prophet Muḥammad with the Bedouin in two ways. First, the speech acts of the Prophet are analyzed using the categories put forward by John Searle to see how they function within the conversation. Second, the illocutionary force of an utterance and its perlocutionary effect – based on words and expressions that the Prophet used in his utterances – are examined to discover patterns in his communication strategy towards the Bedouin.

Keating’s War with the Press

The Enforcers ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 107-134
Author(s):  
Rob Wells
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Wall Street Journal ◽  
New York Times ◽  
Press Coverage ◽  
Central Theme ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Wall Street ◽  
Federal Bureau Of Investigation ◽  
The Press ◽  
Mainstream Press

Like Donald Trump, Keating used his economic power to intimidate reporters and regulators with lawsuits as he pursued his business expansion; Keating and Trump parallels are discussed. The fight between Keating and the press points to a broader tension between capitalism and the press, a central theme in the book. Keating’s lawsuits and legal threats are examined with new archival material from American Continental Corporation Archives and a Federal Bureau of Investigation FOIA request. The chapter shows how early mainstream press coverage missed signs about Keating’s political manipulation of the regulatory process. It also shows how National Thrift News engaged in detailed beat reporting where the New York Times, American Banker, and the Wall Street Journal did not.

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