Muḥammad’s Conversations with the Bedouin: a Speech-Act Analysis of Prophetic Discourse in Hadith

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Mohd Faizal Kasmani ◽  
Sofia Hayati Yusoff ◽  
Osama Kanaker
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Speech Act Theory ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Illocutionary Force ◽  
Communication Style ◽  
John Searle ◽  
Perlocutionary Effect ◽  
Speech Act Analysis

Abstract Speech-act theory allows us to study how words have an impact in real life and the performative nature of words. At the same time, it can also contribute to an understanding of communication style and communication strategy. In this article, speech-act theory is applied to the conversations of Prophet Muḥammad with the Bedouin in two ways. First, the speech acts of the Prophet are analyzed using the categories put forward by John Searle to see how they function within the conversation. Second, the illocutionary force of an utterance and its perlocutionary effect – based on words and expressions that the Prophet used in his utterances – are examined to discover patterns in his communication strategy towards the Bedouin.

scholarly journals Teori Tindak Tutur dalam Studi Linguistik Pragmatik

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Akhmad Saifudin
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Speech Act Theory ◽  
Illocutionary Force ◽  
John Searle ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
Essential Condition ◽  
Illocutionary Acts ◽  
Present Information ◽  
Semantic Properties

This article explains the theory of speech acts proposed by John L. Austin and his student John R. Searle. Speech act theory is a sub-field of pragmatics. This field of study deals with the ways in which words can be used not only to present information but also to carry out actions. This theory considers three levels or components of speech: locutionary acts (the making of a meaningful statement, saying something that a hearer understands), illocutionary acts (saying something with a purpose, such as to inform), and perlocutionary acts (saying something that causes someone to act). Many view speech acts as the central units of communication, with phonological, morphological, syntactic, and semantic properties of an utterance serving as ways of identifying the meaning of speaker’s utterance or illocutionary force. There are five types of Illocutionary point according to Searle: declarations, assertives, expressives, directives, and commissives (1979:viii). A speech act, in order to be successful, needs to be performed along certain types of conditions. These conditions were categorized by the linguist John Searle, who introduced the term felicity conditions: propositional content condition, preparatory condition, sincerity condition, and essential condition.

scholarly journals The Speech Act Fallacy Fallacy

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Hurka
Keyword(s):  
Speech Act ◽  
Illocutionary Force ◽  
The Other ◽  
John Searle ◽  
Speech Act Analysis

John Searle has charged R.M. Hare's prescriptivist analysis of the meaning of ‘good,’ ‘ought’ and the other evaluative words with committing what he calls the ‘speech act fallacy.’ This is a fallacy which Searle thinks is committed not only by Hare's analysis, but by any analysis which attributes to a word the function of indicating that a particular speech act is being performed, or that an utterance has a particular illocutionary force. ‘There is a condition of adequacy which any analysis of the meaning of a word must meet,’ Searle writes, ‘and which the speech act analysis fails to meet. Any analysis of the meaning of a word must be consistent with the fact that the same word (or morpheme) can mean the same thing in all the different kinds of sentences in which it can occur.' Hare maintains that the word ‘good’ is used to indicate the speech act of prescribing. He maintains that one of the principal functions of this word is to indicate that utterances of sentences containing it have prescriptive illocutionary force, and that an analysis of its meaning must make explicit and ineliminable reference to this force-indicating function. But ‘good’ regularly occurs in sentences utterances of which appear to have no prescriptive illocutionary force.

scholarly journals An Investigation on How University Students’ View Lecturers’ Usage of Speech Acts in ELT context

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
Mutiara Shasqia ◽  
Aulia Anggraini
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Classroom Interaction ◽  
Speech Act Theory ◽  
Specific Time ◽  
Illocutionary Acts ◽  
Communication Context ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
Perlocutionary Effect

Teachers and lecturers alike understand that they must consciously use a variety of speech acts to force students to follow their instructions and be motivated to learn on their own. This paper reports the findings of a study designed to investigate the notion of the perlocutionary effect of university students in the classroom resulted from lecturers’ illocutionary acts. The acts were then analyzed the illocutionary act of the lecturers’ talk or speech during specific time using Austin’s speech act theory. This present study built its investigation from data collection on both lecturers and university students through interview and field notes. This study manage to reveals that lecturers freely use speech acts of persuading, angering, and commanding. This study believes that illocutionary acts will still have happened in our interaction's life or communication in many-many context including classroom interaction between lecturer-students communication context.

What is an indirect speech act?

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-84
Author(s):  
Jörg Meibauer
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Speech Act Theory ◽  
Illocutionary Force ◽  
Indirect Speech ◽  
Indirect Speech Acts ◽  
Getting Lost ◽  
Indirect Speech Act

Abstract The notion of an indirect speech act is at the very heart of cognitive pragmatics, yet, after nearly 50 years of orthodox (Searlean) speech act theory, it remains largely unclear how this notion can be explicated in a proper way. In recent years, two debates about indirect speech acts have stood out. First, a debate about the Searlean idea that indirect speech acts constitute a simultaneous realization of a secondary and a primary act. Second, a debate about the reasons for the use of indirect speech acts, in particular about whether this reason is to be seen in strategic advantages and/or observation of politeness demands. In these debates, the original pragmatic conception of sentence types as indicators of illocutionary force seems to have been getting lost. Here, I go back to the seemingly outdated “literal force hypothesis” (see Levinson 1983: 263–264) and point out how it is still relevant for cognitive pragmatics.

scholarly journals Speech Act Analysis of the Dialogues in Henshaw’s This Is Our Chance

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Samaila Yakubu
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Civil Conflict ◽  
Speech Act Theory ◽  
Expressive Speech ◽  
The People ◽  
Exchange Information ◽  
Speech Act Analysis ◽  
Directive Speech

Speech act analysis is an act of investigating how utterances not only disseminate information but perform actions as well.  Dialogues in Henshaw’s This Is Our Chance are not only employed to exchange information about animosity between the people of Koloro Village and the people of Udura Village but to take actions on matters that involved the two neighbouring villages.  The present paper seeks to explore the dialogues in the above mentioned text to see how they have been used.  The paper adopts speech act theory of J. L. Austin which was later developed by J. R. Searle.  The data for the study were analysed based on speech act theory. Components of directive speech act such as commands and questions are used extensively in the text while those like requests, advice, directives and warnings are used insignificantly; constituents of representative speech act, namely, statements and reports run throughout the text; elements of expressive speech act such as complaints and appreciations are found in the text; declaration speech acts, and constituent of commissive speech act such as promise are used scantly in the text.  The study concludes that speech act theory is the most appropriate instrument for handling civil conflict.

scholarly journals Comparing the Meaning Potential in Shakespeare and Manto through Speech Acts: A Discourse Pragmatic Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-600
Author(s):  
Tazanfal Tehseem ◽  
Muazzma Batool ◽  
Aqsa Arshad ◽  
Zohaib Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Speech Act Theory ◽  
John Searle ◽  
Meaning Potential ◽  
Inner Self ◽  
Pragmatic Study

This paper attempts to explain the application of speech act theory (John Searle, 1976) on the soliloquies expressed by Hamlet and Keshulal Singh. The descriptive focus of this study is to draw attention to the felicity conditions whether they are being fulfilled by the speakers while making an utterance or not. Content analysis based on speech act theory is used for this paper. It has been pointed out that declaratives are less while directives are more applicable on these soliloquies, with the help of analysis. Hamlet and Keshulal’s inner self is being depicted through their speeches and it is analyzed that they are so much upset and are in the situation of to be or not to be that they do not know what should be their strategies, in taking their revenge. In actuality, they are trying to extinguish the storm which is bursting inside them through their soliloquies but by comparing the inner devastation of both characters. It is highlighted that Hamlet’s soliloquies are more self-explanatory than that of Keshulal because Hamlet makes vows, questions, deplores, and challenges the circumstances more than the Keshulal.

Sprechakttheoretische Überlegungen zur Typographie – am Beispiel von Presseüberschriften

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-291
Author(s):  
Rita Finkbeiner
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Speech Act Theory ◽  
Illocutionary Force ◽  
General Question ◽  
Theoretic Approach ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Using the example of newspaper headlines, this paper develops a speech-act theoretic approach to aspects of meaning that can be communicated through the use of typographic means. After considering, more generally, the relationship between speech act theory and writing, analogies between prosody and typography are discussed and the claim is developed that typographic means, just as prosodic means, may function as illocutionary force indicating devices. Using Gallmann’s (1985) system of graphic means, newspaper headlines are defined, more specifically, as typographic objects indicating the (meta-textual) illocution type of an announcement of the text topic. Finally, the relationship between the grammatically determined illocution of a (sentential) headline and its typographically determined meta-textual illocution is modeled, on the basis of Searle’s (1982b) account of fictional speech acts, as an interplay of „vertical“ and „horizontal“ rules. The paper closes with a discussion of the more general question whether typographic acts are speech acts.

Actes De Langage, Semi-Actes Et Typologie Des Connecteurs Pragmatiques

1987 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Rubattel
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Speech Act Theory ◽  
Illocutionary Force ◽  
Complementary Distribution ◽  
Grammatical Categories ◽  
Syntactic Properties ◽  
Discourse Units ◽  
The Relationship

This article deals with the syntactic properties of pragmatic connectives and with the relationship between their distributional and argumentative properties. Recent discourse models based on speech act theory assume that pragmatic connectives link sentences (or larger units). However, certain phrasal categories too can function as discourse units, and the set of pragmatic connectives therefore includes not only markers linking sentences provided with an illocutionary force (speech acts), but also phrases lacking an asserted illocutionary force (semi-speech acts). Moreover, many connectives either belong to the two subsets or are in complementary distribution, depending on the syntactic environment. Except for coordination, all these connectives are members of only two grammatical categories: Universal subordinators (including complementizers, subordinating conjunctions and prepositions), and modifying adverbs. Coordinate conjunctions are briefly reconsidered, and some arguments are given for restricting this class to et, ou and ni, both on pragmatic and on syntactic grounds.

scholarly journals SPEECH ACTS OF U.K. PRIME MINISTER BORISH JOHNSON’S SPEECH

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 609
Author(s):  
Risma Ratri Rahayu ◽  
Ula Nisa El Fauziah
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Speech Act Theory ◽  
Illocutionary Act ◽  
Speech Act Analysis ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

Abstract  This research was to investigate speech acts of Borish Jonshon’s speech concern in the illocutionary act and the use of speech act analysis by Hymes (2014). The speech was held in Prime Minister’s office and Borish Johnson has used a national TV address at 8.30 p.m. The data of this research taken from the script and speech video of the U.K. Prime Minister named Borish Johnson on 23 March 2020 which talked about Covid-19. The research applied descriptive qualitative as a method and hold in Yule’s speech act theory. Based on the analysis, the researcher was found and analyze 222 utterances. Those are consist of, 36% representative, 33% declarative, 16% directive, 9% expressive, and 6% commissive. As the result was representative is the highest use of the illocutionary aspect found in this research. It can be seen that Borish Johnson hoped that his audiences would follow what he said to reduce the coronavirus disease - 19. Keywords:        Pragmatics, Speech Act, Covid-19

scholarly journals Speech Act Analysis for Head Movement and Gesture

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-690
Author(s):  
Mariwan Asaad Samad ◽  
Nawzad Anwer Omar
Keyword(s):  
Head Movement ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Speech Act Theory ◽  
History Of ◽  
Head Gestures ◽  
Speech Act Analysis

   This research, is entitled (Speech Act Analysis for Head movement and gesture) this study is an attempt to analyze movement and gestures one of the parts of the humans body, which is Head, depending on the conditions and rules of the Speech Acts theory. The research consists of the introduction and two parts as follows:The first part: This part is devoted to the Speech Act theory, highlighting the history of the theory and the diagnosis of its most important features, with a number of classifications for main parts of this theory.The second part: This part is a practical part, which includes a number of movement or Head gestures. We analyzed the gesture or movement according to the theory of Speech Acts and applied the theory to all Head movement with specify the goals of each movement and head gesture.And the search ended with the most important results, with a list of sources.

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