16 Afterword: Environmental Disasters and Human Rights

Non-governmental organisations often accuse multinational corporations of exploiting the various legal environments in different countries to their advantage in order to avoid the assumption of responsibility for human rights violations or environmental disasters. This empirical study shows that non-governmental organisations (NGOs) can, by employing various instruments, increase the likelihood of multinational corporations accepting social and environmental responsibility for their actions. These instruments, ranging from dialogue to scandalisation, are intended to influence corporate behaviour and their use depends on the pressure the NGO wishes to exert on a particular company. All instruments need careful research and the gathering of evidence, including witness statements. To gain public attention the information must be well prepared for the media, resonate in the corporation's domestic market, stimulate concern and be up-to-date. The most promising activities are those that emphasise that economic success could be compromised to the key decision makers within the company.

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Multinational Corporations and Social Responsibility

International Journal of Applied Management Sciences and Engineering ◽

10.4018/ijamse.2015010101 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 1-15

Author(s):

Barbara Coca Calderón ◽

Josef Naef ◽

Kim Oliver Tokarski

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

Social Responsibility ◽

Empirical Study ◽

Multinational Corporations ◽

Decision Makers ◽

Environmental Responsibility ◽

Public Attention ◽

Environmental Disasters ◽

The Media ◽

Witness Statements

Non-governmental organisations often accuse multinational corporations of exploiting the various legal environments in different countries to their advantage in order to avoid the assumption of responsibility for human rights violations or environmental disasters. This empirical study shows that non-governmental organisations (NGOs) can, by employing various instruments, increase the likelihood of multinational corporations accepting social and environmental responsibility for their actions. These instruments, ranging from dialogue to scandalisation, are intended to influence corporate behaviour and their use depends on the pressure the NGO wishes to exert on a particular company. All instruments need careful research and the gathering of evidence, including witness statements. To gain public attention the information must be well prepared for the media, resonate in the corporation's domestic market, stimulate concern and be up-to-date. The most promising activities are those that emphasise that economic success could be compromised to the key decision makers within the company.

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Panorama Jurídico sobre a Proteção dos Refugiados de Guerra e Ambientais

Cadernos do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito – PPGDir /UFRGS ◽

10.22456/2317-8558.34840 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Luísa Zuardi Niencheski ◽

Caroline D. Bender D’Avila

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

Legal Protection ◽

Human Rights Violations ◽

Psychological Consequences ◽

Refugee Convention ◽

Environmental Disasters ◽

Environmental Refugees ◽

Ecosystem Changes

Resumo: Em decorrência da flagrante violação dos direitos humanos perpetrada por vários Estados e da ocorrência de diversos desastres ambientais, assiste-se ao aumento do número de refugiados que deixam seus países em busca de asilo e proteção jurídica. Uma análise que capture as condicionantes que desencadeiam este processo de deslocamento é sem dúvida necessária. O presente artigo, assim, tem por objetivo realçar o empreendimento de esforços globais tanto aos refugiados de guerra quanto aos refugiados ambientais, acentuando as consequências legais sobre esse grupo de indivíduos que se deparam com diversos obstáculos para regressar em segurança aos seus países de origem. Palavras-Chave: Refugiados de Guerra; Direitos Humanos; Refugiados Ambientais; Alterações Ecossistêmicas; Estatuto dos Refugiados de 1951. Abstract: Due to human rights violations perpetrated by various States or the occurrence of several environmental disasters, society witnesses the increasing number of refugees who leave their countries in search of asylum and legal protection. An analysis that captures the conditions that trigger this process of displacement is undoubtedly needed. Thus, this article aims to enhance the development of global efforts to both political and environmental refugees, stressing the legal and psychological consequences about this group of individuals who are unable to return safely to their countries of origin. Keywords: War refugees; Human rights; Environmental refugees; Ecosystem changes; 1951 Refugee Convention.

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Environmental Disasters and Humanitarian Protection: A Fertile Ground for Litigating Climate Change and Human Rights in Italy?

The Italian Review of International and Comparative Law ◽

10.1163/27725650-01010008 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 146-158

Author(s):

Fabrizio Vona

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Human Rights ◽

Supreme Court ◽

Environmental Degradation ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

International Protection ◽

Environmental Disasters ◽

The Supreme Court ◽

Fertile Ground ◽

Civil Courts

Abstract On 24 February 2021, the Italian Corte Suprema di Cassazione delivered a landmark ordinance unequivocally establishing that the existence of a situation of environmental degradation in the country of origin of an international protection seeker, which entails grave human rights violations, justifies the recognition of the humanitarian protection status. In ruling that the assessment of vulnerability, for the purpose of granting humanitarian protection, must also be conducted in relation to environmental and climatic conditions which are capable of seriously affecting the enjoyment of human rights, the Supreme Court potentially paves the way for a first wave of rights-based climate lawsuits before Italian civil courts.

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Regarding the Impact of Oil Palm Plantation Namely Forest Destruction, Land Grabbing, Human Rights Violation, Corruption and Environmental Disasters

Human Rights Documents Online ◽

10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-5540-20180051 ◽

2019 ◽

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Land Grabbing ◽

Environmental Disasters ◽

Oil Palm Plantation ◽

The Impact ◽

Human Rights Violation

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How American Treaty Behavior Threatens National Security

International Security ◽

10.1162/isec.2008.33.1.45 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 45-81 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Antonia Chayes

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Human Rights ◽

National Security ◽

Security Policy ◽

Civil Liberties ◽

Nuclear Proliferation ◽

The United States ◽

Environmental Disasters ◽

Foreign And Security Policy

In recent years, American treaty behavior has produced growing concern among both allies and less friendly nations. On such fundamental issues as nuclear proliferation, terrorism, human rights, civil liberties, environmental disasters, and commerce, the United States has generated confusion and anger abroad. Such a climate is not conducive to needed cooperation in the conduct of foreign and security policy. Among U.S. actions that have caused concern are the failure to ratify several treaties; the attachment of reservations, understandings, and declarations before ratification; the failure to support a treaty regime once ratified; and treaty withdrawal. The structural and historical reasons for American treaty behavior are deeply rooted in the United States' system of government and do not merely reflect superpower arrogance.

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