Some Personal Reflections on Creating the Legal Department and Forming the Jurisprudence of a New International Financial Institution

2001 ◽  
pp. 805-825
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institution ◽  
International Financial Institution ◽  
Personal Reflections

scholarly journals 2547. Prioritizing Antimicrobial Resistance Learning Objectives Through a Modified, Two-Round, One-Day Delphi at a Multidisciplinary Conference

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S885-S885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jehan Budak ◽  
Eneyi E Kpokiri ◽  
Emily Abdoler ◽  
Joseph Tucker ◽  
Brian Schwartz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Financial Institution ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Delphi Process ◽  
Learning Objectives ◽  
World Health ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Health Administrator ◽  
International Financial Institution

Abstract Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health problem, but the learning needs of the medical profession on this topic are not well understood. The World Health Organization has called for better educational resources on AMR. Thus, we aimed to identify AMR learning objectives for physicians and medical trainees. Methods We designed a modified, two-round Delphi process to build consensus around these objectives, recruiting attendees at a one-day, multidisciplinary, international AMR symposium. Through review of the literature and discussion with experts in AMR, we generated an initial list of 17 objectives. We asked participants to rate the importance of including each objective in an AMR curriculum for physicians on a 5-point Likert scale, which ranged from “do not include” (1) to “very important to include” (5). Consensus for inclusion was predefined as ≥ 80% of participants rating the objective ≥ 4. Results The first round was completed by 30 participants, and the second by 21. Nobody declined to participate, but several people had to leave between rounds. Participants included physicians, researchers, graduate students, and a pharmacist, foundation manager, patient advocate, leader of an international financial institution, health administrator, and biomedical scientist. After the first round, 16 objectives met the consensus criteria, and participants suggested five additional topics. After the second round, 12 objectives met the consensus criteria (see Table 1). Objectives related to treatment of AMR most frequently met consensus criteria. Specific objectives with the highest consensus ratings were related to identifying infections not requiring antibiotics and recognizing the importance of using the narrowest spectrum antibiotic for the shortest period of time. Conclusion We successfully employed a modified, one-day Delphi process at an international, multidisciplinary AMR symposium to build consensus among experts and stakeholders regarding key learning objectives for AMR. This technique may be useful for guideline committees and other taskforces in the Infectious Diseases community. Our generated list may be useful for those developing AMR training materials for medical students and physicians. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Part V Legal and Conduct Risk in Interconnected Financial Markets, 18 The Role of International Institutions in Financial Law Reform

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mccormick Roger ◽  
Stears Chris
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Financial Institution ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Private Law ◽  
Governmental Organization ◽  
International Financial Institution ◽  
Trade Law ◽  
International Trade Law ◽  
The United Nations

This chapter focuses on United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL), the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law (UNIDROIT) and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD). UNCITRAL was created in 1966 by a resolution of the United Nations General Assembly. It was given a general mandate to further the progressive harmonization and unification of international trade law and regards itself as ‘the core legal body of the United Nations system in the field of international trade law’. UNIDROIT is an independent inter-governmental organization with 63 member states. The purposes of UNIDROIT are to ‘examine ways of harmonising and coordinating the private law of States and groups of States, and to prepare gradually for the adoption by the States of uniform rules of private law’. The EBRD is an international financial institution that supports projects in more than 30 countries to promote transition to a market economy.

Papal visit is part of Cuba's international opening

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Financial Institution ◽  
State Institution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Content Type ◽  
White House ◽  
International Financial Institution ◽  
Us Congress ◽  
The Us ◽  
Paris Club

Significance Cuba is working on many fronts to advance its international insertion after the breakthrough restoration of diplomatic ties with the United States. However, progress is gradual and uneven. A first agreement on Cuba's debt has been reached with the Paris Club, underscoring Cuba's interest in regaining access to financial markets. The Latin American Development Bank (CAF) is the first international financial institution to engage with Cuba, but broader cooperation still faces difficulties. Impacts The popular pope's visit will strengthen the Church's political position as Cuba's most important non-state institution. It will also add to pressure on the US Congress from the White House to lift sanctions. Cooperation with CAF and other bodies will require Cuba to supply transparent and comprehensive economic data -- mostly still lacking. Economic reform is likely to see major new liberalisation measures before the Communist Party congress scheduled for April 2016.

Cooperative or Inoperative? Accountability and Transparency at the World Bank’s Inspection Panel

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Sovacool
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Financial Institution ◽  
International Financial Institution ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
The One

The World Bank remains the largest international financial institution in the world. This case study examines the effectiveness of the World Bank’s Inspection Panel. The Inspection Panel makes it possible for citizens and communities to challenge World Bank projects through an independently administered accountability process. Between 1994 and 2016, the World Bank Inspection Panel has received 112 requests for inspection across more than 50 countries. This case study analyzes the history, dynamics, benefits, and barriers to the Inspection Panel, including an assessment of World Bank projects spread across Albania, Argentina, Bangladesh, Benin, Brazil, Cameroon, Chad, China, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ghana, India, Kenya, Lesotho, Nepal, Nigeria, Romania, Tibet, Togo, and Uzbekistan. On doing so, this case study highlights how Inspection Panels like the one operating at the World Bank can improve and enhance governance outcomes and result in more equitable decision-making processes. Yet there are also limits to what such independent accountability mechanisms can accomplish.

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