1. A Survey of Rural and Urban Residents’ Living Conditions in Eleven Provinces, Municipalities and Autonomous Regions in Western China

2007 ◽  
pp. 23-44
Keyword(s):  
Living Conditions ◽  
Western China ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Autonomous Regions

scholarly journals The Evolution of Educational Inequality between Rural and Urban Residents in China: A Cohort Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifei Lu
Keyword(s):  
Social Stratification ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Educational Inequality ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Institutional Discrimination ◽  
Class Differences ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Main Driver

<p>This study focuses on how social reform and social changes affect the educational inequality between social groups, specifically the rural and urban Chinese. Existing sociology theories address the class difference drives educational inequality, and treat social group differences as a byproduct of class differences. By analyzing the evolution and components of the educational gap between rural and urban residents in China, this study found that the main driver of the educational gap between rural and urban residents varies in different historical periods. In the low social stratification period, if the effect of institutional discrimination is small, the educational gap is small; in the high social stratification period with more significant institutional discrimination, the inferior rural residents are double jeopardized. These results imply the educational inequality between social groups is driven by both structural changes and discriminatory policies, but if institutional discrimination is the main driver, policies aim to reduce the structural inequality will have little effect on reducing inequality.</p>

COMPARISON OF THE FINANCIAL SITUATION OF RURAL AND URBAN RESIDENTS IN THE PERIOD 2015-2020

2021 ◽  
pp. 94-103
Author(s):  
Valeriia Aleksandrovna Arefeva ◽  
Ekaterina Andreevna Galaktionova ◽  
Valerii Aleksandrovich Saraikin
Keyword(s):  
Urban Residents ◽  
Financial Situation ◽  
Rural And Urban

DIETS OF RURAL AND URBAN RESIDENTS IN THE PERIOD 2015-2020

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-65
Author(s):  
Valeriia Aleksandrovna Arefeva ◽  
Ekaterina Andreevna Galaktionova ◽  
Valerii Aleksandrovich Saraikin
Keyword(s):  
Urban Residents ◽  
Rural And Urban

Perceived incentives and willingness of university medical students toward working in rural primary healthcare

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Zou ◽  
Dandi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Postgraduate Education ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Western China ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Working And Living Conditions ◽  
Limited Service

Abstract Background Primary healthcare (PHC) is vital for providing more equitable, accessible and affordable healthcare to the population. However, there is a general lacking and disparity of distribution of PHC workforce, especially for rural areas in China as it is very hard to attract and retain high quality medical students to rural PHC. This study was to investigate the willingness of university medical students toward working in rural PHC and their perceived incentives and compare that between medical programmes. Methods An online questionnaire survey was conducted in a leading medical university of Western China in 2017. All second-year Preventive Medicine (MBP, 5 years programme) and third-year Doctorate of Medicine (MD, 8 years programme) students participated. The willingness and perceived incentives toward working in rural PHC were analysed and compared between students of the two programmes. Results A total of 201 students, including 115 MBP and 86 MD students, participated in the study. The overall willingness rate toward working in rural PHC was 16%. More MBP (23%) than MD students (7%) expressed willingness without mention of incentives (p<0.05). The most preferred incentives were adequate remuneration (62%), non-inferior working and living conditions to urban area (58%), limited service years (56%) and privilege to postgraduate education and promotion (55%), though 13% expressed willingness under no circumstances. More MBP than MD students preferred to postgraduate education and promotion (65% vs. 43%, p<0.05) and limited service years (63% vs. 56%, p<0.05), but similar in other incentives (p>0.05). The willingness rate increased from 2%~5%, 9%~14%, 27%~25%, to 81% with single-, two-, three-, four- incentives as mentioned above, and similar between students of the two programmes. Conclusions The willingness of university medical students to work in rural PHC was low. However, more MBP students show willingness than MD students. Multiple incentives including adequate remuneration, opportunities of postgraduate education and promotion, proper working and living conditions and limited service years may be much more effective than any single incentive to attract university medical students especially MBP students to rural PHC service. Further investigation of appropriate incentives in details and interventional studies are warranted to inform relevant policy making.

Ground Fictions

2021 ◽  
pp. 86-103
Author(s):  
Meghan L. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Landslide Risk ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Land Claims ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Water Flows ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Land Titling

This chapter analyzes a context where the material fixity of land has been repeatedly called into question, examining how stories about soil's materiality become key factors in bringing new forms of property into being in post-conflict Colombia. The chapter demonstrates how soil's actual fluidity makes what it calls “ground fictions” central to many land claims. Building on long-term fieldwork in both rural Urabá and urban Medellín, it reveals that legal moves, such as land titling and the establishment of protected land reserves, are only part of market making. Surface water flows expand and dry up seasonally, making fictions of soil's dryness via alluvial accession central to encroaching claims to “new land” on Urabá's floodplains. Similarly, fictions about land's physical instability and landslide risk first became central to squatters' ability to access peripheral, nonmarket land in Medellín but subsequently undermined their ownership claims once the state sought to protect these long-neglected urban residents from their own risky soils. Ultimately, the juxtaposition of these two sites in the chapter sheds light on the ways that the soil becomes a crucial player in war and peace through its foundational role in the property rules that come to redefine both rural and urban land markets in the unfolding of the conflict and attempts to bring it to a close.

scholarly journals Condom Use and Related Factors among Rural and Urban Men Who Have Sex With Men in Western China: Based on Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 155798831989979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Hu ◽  
Yetao Luo ◽  
Xiaoni Zhong ◽  
Rongrong Lu ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Condom Use ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Western China ◽  
Consistent Condom ◽  
Consistent Condom Use ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Behavioral Skills ◽  
Urban Men ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Sex With Men

This study aimed to determine the differences in condom use and related factors among rural–urban men who have sex with men (MSM) in Western China. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Chongqing, Sichuan, and Guangxi, which recruited MSM by non-probability sampling. Data were collected through an anonymous, standardized, and self-reported questionnaire guided by an information–motivation–behavioral skills model. Structural equation model was applied to analyze the related factors. Out of the 1141 MSM included in this analysis, 856 (75%) and 285 (25%) were from urban and rural areas, respectively. The median age was 27 years for both groups. Self-reported consistent condom use for anal sex in the past 6 months was 57.58%. The rate of consistent condom use was lower in rural MSM than in urban MSM (50.88% vs. 59.81%, p = .008). Behavioral skills, HIV/AIDS intervention services, and response costs had direct positive and negative influences on condom use, respectively. By contrast, motivation and information exhibited indirect influence. All the factors were mediated by behavioral skills in rural and urban MSM, except for the information that had no effect among urban MSM but had an indirect effect among rural MSM. These findings suggest that service providers should pay attention to substantial rural–urban differences and design different AIDS prevention and intervention strategies targeting rural and urban MSM.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document