The Struggle for Leadership of the Qatari-Turkish Alliance in Somalia

The article examines the struggle of the Qatari- Turkish alliance for regional leadership in the Federal Republic of Somalia. The analysis revealed that the foreign policy activity of Turkey and Qatar in Somalia began during the events of the Arab Spring. Ankara and Doha used diplomatic, military and fi nancial instruments to strengthen their infl uence in the country. Moreover, Qatari money played an important role in promoting pro-qatari candidates to power during the 2012 and 2017 presidential elections. However, the eff orts of the Turkish- Qatari alliance to strengthen its position in Somalia have clashed with the interests of the Saudi- Emirati bloc seeking regional dominance. On the other hand, the inability to close the main cooperation with the central government in Somalia forced the UAE to support such autonomous regions as Somaliland, thereby intensifying the destabilization processes in the country.

Forming a Responsive Local Law in the National Legal Framework

This research uses normative legal research which mostly uses international journal literature. This will make writing more comprehensive and up to date information. The regional authority is attributively regulated in Article 18 paragraph (6) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia in conjunction / juncto with Article 236 paragraph (1) of Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government. Based on these two provisions, autonomous regions are authorized to form Regional Regulations in the context of implementing regional autonomy and co-administration tasks. Related to this, Philipus M Hadjon stated that regional autonomy is the authority to form authority arrangements and the formation of principles, as well as procedures for carrying them out. Autonomous regions are given the authority to regulate in the form of Regional Regulations which function as the basis for the implementation of autonomy.

Special Autonomy of Yogyakarta in the Context of Local Autonomy Law

Local government is the authority of the autonomous regions to organize and manage the interests of local people according to their own initiative based on community aspirations in accordance with the laws and regulations. In response to the demands of government reform quite quickly, it has undertaken a sufficiently fundamental breakthrough of the various laws in the political field from the centralist-autoritarian to the autonomous-democratic. After successfully compiling the three laws on the political field that became the basis of the election in 1999 the government immediately followed him with a new law in the field of special politics on power relations between the central and local, namely Law no. 22 of 1999 on Regional Government and Law No. 25 of 1999 on Financial Relations between Central and Regional. The formation of regions is basically intended to improve public services in order to accelerate the realization of community welfare as well as political education at the local level. Considerations and other conditions that enable the area to organize and realize the purpose of the establishment of the region and the granting of regional autonomy. The Government may designate special areas in the autonomous regions to carry out specific government functions that are specific to national and / or national-scale interests "special" for the interests and benefit of Indonesia. One of these special autonomous regions is the Special Region of Yogyakarta that has been recognized special autonomous region in Law No.13 of 2012 on the privilege of Yogyakarta.

Peleburan ego sektoral: strategi menurunkan stunting di Trenggalek

For a very long time, villages have been positioned as objects of development by the state in various fields of development, including health and human resources. After the implementation of the village law issued in 2014, villages were granted autonomy. The granting of this autonomy does not necessarily make the village dissolve in the euphoria of celebrating managing its territory, especially health matters. Villages cannot simply be separated from the resources of the authorities that have been accustomed to relied on villages so far. Our study shows that there are negotiation efforts between the two autonomous regions to resolve cases of stunting (failure to develop and develop children) in Trenggalek District. What we want to put forward in this study is the strategy adopted by the village and the ingenuity of the district to embrace the village in preventing and reducing stunting. This research use a qualitative research methodThrough interviews with various parties at the local, sub-district, and village government levels, we found that the negotiations carried out had been able to change the ego between actors and the negative stigma about stunting into a collective force capable of fighting the high rate of stunting in Trenggalek District. Stunting is not only a problem for the health department . The stunting case in Trenggalek District can be reduced through cooperation between actors from various sectors because stunting is a form of failure of various policies that must be addressed together.

Identification of two novel poleroviruses and the occurrence of Tobacco bushy top disease causal agents in natural plants

Tobacco bushy top disease (TBTD) is a devastating tobacco disease in the southwestern region of China. TBTD in the Yunnan Province is often caused by co-infections of several plant viruses: tobacco bushy top virus (TBTV), tobacco vein distorting virus (TVDV), tobacco bushy top virus satellite RNA (TBTVsatRNA) and tobacco vein distorting virus-associated RNA (TVDVaRNA). Through this study, two new poleroviruses were identified in two TBTD symptomatic tobacco plants and these two novel viruses are tentatively named as tobacco polerovirus 1 (TPV1) and tobacco polerovirus 2 (TPV2), respectively. Analyses of 244 tobacco samples collected from tobacco fields in the Yunnan Province through RT-PCR showed that a total of 80 samples were infected with TPV1 and/or TPV2, and the infection rates of TPV1 and TPV2 were 8.61% and 29.51%, respectively. Thirty-three TPV1 and/or TPV2-infected tobacco samples were selected for further test for TBTV, TVDV, TBTVsatRNA and TVDVaRNA infections. The results showed that many TPV1 and/or TPV2-infected plants were also infected with two or more other assayed viruses. In this study, we also surveyed TBTV, TVDV, TBTVsatRNA and TVDVaRNA infections in a total of 1713 leaf samples collected from field plants belonging to 29 plant species in 13 plant families and from 11 provinces/autonomous regions in China. TVDV had the highest infection rates of 37.5%, while TVDVaRNA, TBTV and TBTVsatRNA were found to be at 23.0%, 12.4% and 8.1%, respectively. In addition, TVDV, TBTV, TBTVsatRNA and TVDVaRNA were firstly detected of co-infection on 10 plants such as broad bean, pea, oilseed rape, pumpkin, tomato, crofton weed etc., and 1 to 4 of the TBTD causal agents were present in the samples collected from Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Liaoning, Inner mongolia and Tibet autonomous regions. The results indicated that TBTD causal agents are expanding its host range and posing a risk to other crop in the field.

Sustainability Assessment of Autonomous Regions in China Using GRA-SPA Method

Sustainability development is a core issue in autonomous regions’ construction and development. The paper evaluated the sustainability development of the five autonomous regions in Western China from 2010 to 2019. In order to further analyze the sustainable development level of the autonomous regions, it is compared with the three provinces with the largest GDP in Central China in the past three years, and similarly, with the three provinces in Eastern China. A new weighting method was proposed by combining the grey relational analysis (GRA) and set pair analysis (SPA) methods that not only analyze the correlation between indicators and ideal points but also analyze the status and development trend. The method can ensure the objectivity of indicator weight. Firstly, the ideal reference point is determined by the grey correlation degree between the indicator and the ideal positive point. Secondly, the indicator and the ideal reference point constitute a set pair system, and the relation number is used further to analyze the status and development trend of the indicator to determine the weight objectively. The sustainability results showed that the progress of the autonomous regions’ sustainable development in China was increased slowly in 2010–2019. For example, Ningxia and Xinjiang saw the slowest growth. The prime reason is that economic sustainability has declined severely. Although Inner Mongolia presented the highest increasing trends, the growth rate value was 0.75%. In contrast, other autonomous regions showed a negative growth trend. Regarding sustainable development in three dimensions, the economic sustainability performance of autonomous regions is not ideal, but the environmental sustainability performance is the most ideal. This conclusion implicates the necessity and urgency of improving the coordinated development of the three dimensions of autonomous regions in China.

Reafirmation of archipelagic state principle through the establishment of archipelagic region law in Indonesia

Archipelagic regions characterized by vast ocean area and groups of small islands are dominant factor in affirming the identity of the Republic of Indonesia as an archipelagic state. However, it has not been sufficiently accommodated in Indonesian national legislation. The principle of an archipelagic state should be adopted mutatis-mutandis to be formulated in the management of autonomous regions, not only in Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government which is lex generalis in nature, but also in the specificity of the administration of regional governance in archipelagic regions which is lex specialis. The “Principle of Archipelagic State” needs to be implemented into “Principle of Archipelagic Region” for regions with archipelagic characteristics. In this context, an Archipelagic Regional Law is very much needed to reinforce the identity of the Republic of Indonesia as an archipelagic country, and to overcome extraordinary development disparities between eastern Indonesia dominated by islands regions and western Indonesia dominated by large islands.

On the genus Mannerheimia Mäklin, 1880 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Omaliinae: Anthophagini), with taxonomic and faunistic notes on some species

The Palaearctic genus Mannerheimia Mäklin, 1880 (Anthophagini) is redescribed. The taxonomic and faunistic data for ten species, including (re-)descriptions of M. arctica (Erichson, 1840), M. asiatica Kastcheev, 1999, M. brevipennis (Motschulsky, 1860), M. pleshanovi sp.n. (Russia: East Siberia, Khamar-Daban Mts.) and M. zanettii sp.n. (Pakistan: Hazara Kaghan Valley) are provided. These species, and M. afghanica Coiffait, 1982, M. japonica Watanabe, 1990, M. obscura Coiffait, 1982, and M. yasudai Watanabe, 1990 are illustrated. A new synonymy is established: M. brevipennis (Motschulsky, 1860) = M. micros (Fauvel, 1900) syn.n. The checklist and a key to the described 23 species of Mannerheimia are provided. The distributions of seven species are mapped: M. arctica, M. asiatica, M. brevipennis, M. obscura, M. pleshanovi sp. n. and M. zanettii. Several species are recorded for the first time from certain regions: M. arctica from Yamalo-Nenets, Khanty-Mansi and Taymyr autonomous regions, Evenkia and Tuva, M. brevipennis from Yamalo-Nenets and Khanty-Mansi autonomous regions, Kemerovo Area, Evenkia, Khakassia and Tuva, M. obscura from Pakistan, and M. yasudai from Sakhalin Island.

Unraveling the COVID-19 hospitalization dynamics in Spain using publicly available data

SummaryBackgroundOne of the main challenges of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is to be able to make sense of available, but often heterogeneous and noisy data, to characterize the evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 infection dynamics, with the additional goal of having better preparedness and planning of healthcare services. This contribution presents a data-driven methodology that allows exploring the hospitalization dynamics of COVID-19, exemplified with a study of 17 autonomous regions in Spain.MethodsWe use data on new daily cases and hospitalizations reported by the Ministry of Health of Spain to implement a Bayesian inference method that allows making short and mid-term predictions of bed occupancy of COVID-19 patients in each of the autonomous regions of the country.FindingsWe show how to use given and generated temporal series for the number of daily admissions and discharges from hospital to reproduce the hospitalization dynamics of COVID-19 patients. For the case-study of the region of Aragon, we estimate that the probability of being admitted to hospital care upon infection is 0·090 [0·086-0·094], (95% C.I.), with the distribution governing hospital admission yielding a median interval of 3·5 days and an IQR of 7 days. Likewise, the distribution on the length of stay produces estimates of 12 days for the median and 10 days for the IQR. A comparison between model parameters for the regions analyzed allows to detect differences and changes in policies of the health authorities.InterpretationThe amount of data that is currently available is limited, and sometimes unreliable, hindering our understanding of many aspects of this pandemic. We have observed important regional differences, signaling that to properly compare very different populations, it is paramount to acknowledge all the diversity in terms of culture, socio-economic status and resource availability. To better understand the impact of this pandemic, much more data, disaggregated and properly annotated, should be made available.

The Aspects of Policy Determination in the Formation of Autonomous Regions in Indonesia

This article examines the aspects that are determined in the formation of autonomous regions in Indonesia. As a country that adheres to the principle of decentralization, the policy of establishing an autonomous region is important and urgent in the context of the welfare of the people. The research method used in this article uses a literature search study. The results of the research are aspects used in the formation of autonomous regions are population criteria, economic capability criteria, regional potential criteria, financial capability criteria, socio-cultural criteria, socio-political criteria, area, defense and security, community welfare level, and span of control.