Herpetological higher taxa nomina. 7. Lissamphibia Gadow, 1898

Bionomina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-83
Author(s):  
ALAIN DUBOIS ◽  
THIERRY FRÉTEY
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Higher Taxa ◽  
The One

A taxon encompassing all recent taxa of amphibians and their close fossil relatives is highly supported as holophyletic in all recent phylogenetic analyses of amphibians. Under the Duplostensional Nomenclatural System, among twenty nomina available for this taxon, only one, Lissamphibia Gadow, 1898, qualifies as a sozodiaphonym and appears to be the one that should be used for this taxon, traditionally referred to the rank order. However, because of the current uncertainties in the phylogenetic relationships among basal amphibians, the allocation of this nomen to this taxon is still questionable. If it turned out to apply in fact to another, more comprehensive, taxon, its stabilisation under its current acceptation should be realised through an act of archoidy.

scholarly journals Phylogeny and morphologic evolution of the Ordovician Camerata (Class Crinoidea, Phylum Echinodermata)

2017 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 815-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selina R. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Major Group ◽  
Higher Taxa ◽  
Morphologic Evolution ◽  
Phylogenetic Framework ◽  
Selection For

AbstractThe subclass Camerata (Crinoidea, Echinodermata) is a major group of Paleozoic crinoids that represents an early divergence in the evolutionary history and morphologic diversification of class Crinoidea, yet phylogenetic relationships among early camerates remain unresolved. This study conducted a series of quantitative phylogenetic analyses using parsimony methods to infer relationships of all well-preserved Ordovician camerate genera (52 taxa), establish the branching sequence of early camerates, and test the monophyly of traditionally recognized higher taxa, including orders Monobathrida and Diplobathrida. The first phylogenetic analysis identified a suitable outroup for rooting the Ordovician camerate tree and assessed affinities of the atypical dicyclic family Reteocrinidae. The second analysis inferred the phylogeny of all well-preserved Ordovician camerate genera. Inferred phylogenies confirm: (1) the Tremadocian genera Cnemecrinus and Eknomocrinus are sister to the Camerata; (2) as historically defined, orders Monobathrida and Diplobathrida do not represent monophyletic groups; (3) with minimal revision, Monobathrida and Diplobathrida can be re-diagnosed to represent monophyletic clades; (4) family Reteocrinidae is more closely related to camerates than to other crinoid groups currently recognized at the subclass level; and (5) several genera in subclass Camerata represent stem taxa that cannot be classified as either true monobathrids or true diplobathrids. The clade containing Monobathrida and Diplobathrida, as recognized herein, is termed Eucamerata to distinguish its constituent taxa from more basally positioned taxa, termed stem eucamerates. The results of this study provide a phylogenetic framework for revising camerate classification, elucidating patterns of morphologic evolution, and informing outgroup selection for future phylogenetic analyses of post-Ordovician camerates.

Herpetological higher taxa nomina 3. Urodela Duméril, 1805

Bionomina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-35
Author(s):  
ALAIN DUBOIS ◽  
THIERRY FRÉTEY
Keyword(s):  
Rank Order ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Higher Taxa

A taxon, traditionally referred to the rank order, encompassing all recent taxa of salamanders and their close fossil relatives, is highly supported as holophyletic in all recent phylogenetic analyses of amphibians. Under the Duplostensional Nomenclatural System, among about thirty nomina available for this taxon in the literature, two only qualify as sozodiaphonyms: Urodela Duméril, 1805 and Caudata Duméril, 1805. The conflict for validity between these two nomina is solved by the Principle of Airesy (first reviser). The valid nomen for this taxon is therefore Urodela Duméril, 1805, which corresponds to the majority of uses in the literature since their creation, and which should replace all other nomina, authorships and dates sometimes credited to this taxon in publications, catalogues and databases.

Herpetological higher taxa nomina 2. Anura Duméril, 1805

Bionomina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
ALAIN DUBOIS ◽  
THIERRY FRÉTEY
Keyword(s):  
Rank Order ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Overwhelming Majority ◽  
Higher Taxa

A taxon, traditionally referred to the rank order, encompassing all recent taxa of frogs and their close fossil relatives, is highly supported as holophyletic in all recent phylogenetic analyses of Amphibia. Under the Duplostensional Nomenclatural System, among more than thirty nomina available for this taxon in the literature, two only qualify as sozodiaphonyms: Anura Duméril, 1805 and Salientia Merrem, 1820. The conflict for validity between these two nomina is easily solved by publication dates. The valid nomen for this taxon is therefore Anura Duméril, 1805, which corresponds to the overwhelming majority of uses in the literature, and which should replace all other nomina, authorships and dates sometimes credited to this taxon in publications, catalogues and databases.

Socialisation Tactics of the Spectacled Parrotlet (Forpus Conspicillatus)

Behaviour ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 119 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyra Garnetzke-Stollmann ◽  
Dierk Franck
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Host Group ◽  
Pair Bonds ◽  
Group Members ◽  
The One ◽  
And Function ◽  
Sibling Group ◽  
Sibling Groups

AbstractSpectacled parrotlets live in a complex system of individual relationships throughout their lives. The adults form exclusive pair bonds, addressing all friendly and sexual behaviour patterns to each other. Pair mates cooperate in agonistic situations. As long as they stay close together they hold the same rank-order position. In mate-choice experiments females (not males) significantly preferred a mate which formerly held a high social position. There are also non-exclusive pair bonds, which are far less stable than exclusive ones. Only exclusive pairs have a good chance to occupy a breeding cavity. All group members are synchronized in many of their activities, such as foraging, preening or resting. They are keenly interested in unusual activities of other group members. Social learning, including copying sexual techniques, seems to be essential. After fledging the parents keep their offspring at a distance from a very early stage. Instead of a close parent-offspring relationship the fledglings form sibling groups with their nest mates. Over a period of months siblings remain the main interaction partners for all friendly and playful activities. They also support one another in agonistic situations. In the first months of life even courtship feeding and sexual behaviour are addressed predominantly to siblings. Thus a pair-like relationship is established between siblings, anticipating the permanent pair bond of adults. Single fledglings, deprived of the experience of a sibling group, remained poorly integrated into the group. They developed alternative socialisation tactics, namely (1) joining a host group of unrelated siblings, (2) renewing a friendly partnership with the parents, (3) helping to protect and feed younger siblings or even unrelated fledglings and (4) seeking early partnership with unrelated group members. Out of 10 single fledglings only the one that was accepted by a host sibling group immediately after fledging became well integrated into the whole group and reproduced well. It is argued that sibling groups offer good opportunities for learning partnership and function as a safe basis for exploring the social environment. It is tentatively proposed that single fledglings have a decreased probability of reproductive success.

Mitogenome of Alaudala cheleensis (Passeriformes: Alaudidae) and comparative analyses of Sylvioidea mitogenomes

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4952 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-353
Author(s):  
CHAO YANG ◽  
LE ZHAO ◽  
QINGXIONG WANG ◽  
HAO YUAN ◽  
XUEJUAN LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Structure ◽  
Gene Order ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Gene Rearrangement ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Comparative Analyses ◽  
Protein Coding Genes ◽  
Basal Position

To gain a better understanding of mitogenome features and phylogenetic relationships in Sylvioidea, a superfamily of Passerida, suborder Passeri, Passeriformes, the whole mitogenome of Alaudala cheleensis Swinhoe (Alaudidae) was sequenced, a comparative mitogenomic analysis of 18 Sylvioidea species was carried out, and finally, a phylogeny was reconstructed based on the mitochondrial dataset. Gene order of the A. cheleensis mitogenome was similar to that of other Sylvioidea species, including the gene rearrangement of cytb-trnT-CR1-trnP-nad6-trnE-remnant CR2-trnF-rrnS. There was slightly higher A+T content than that of G+C in the mitogenome, with an obvious C skew. The ATG codon initiated all protein-coding genes, while six terminating codons were used. The secondary structure of rrnS contained three domains and 47 helices, whereas rrnL included six domains and 60 helices. All tRNAs could be folded into a classic clover-leaf secondary structure except for trnS (AGY). The CR1 could be divided into three domains, including several conserved boxes (C-string, F, E, D, C and B-box, Bird similarity box, CSB1). Comparative analyses within Sylvioidea mitogenomes showed that most mitochondrial features were consistent with that of the A. cheleensis mitogenome. The basal position of the Alaudidae within the Sylvioidea in our phylogenetic analyses is consistent with other recent studies. 

Elusive Relationships Within Order Fabales: Phylogenetic Analyses Using matK and rbcL Sequence Data

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Bello ◽  
A. Bruneau ◽  
F. Forest ◽  
J. A. Hawkins
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Taxon Sampling ◽  
Rapid Radiation ◽  
Bayesian Approaches ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Alternative Hypotheses ◽  
The One ◽  
Good Support

The order Fabales, including Leguminosae, Polygalaceae, Quillajaceae and Surianaceae, represents a novel hypothesis emerging from angiosperm molecular phylogenies. Despite good support for the order, molecular studies to date have suggested contradictory, poorly supported interfamilial relationships. Our reappraisal of relationships within Fabales addresses past taxon sampling deficiencies, and employs parsimony and Bayesian approaches using sequences from the plastid regions rbcL (166 spp.) and matK (78 spp.). Five alternative hypotheses for interfamilial relationships within Fabales were recovered. The Shimodaira-Hasegawa test found the likelihood of a resolved topology significantly higher than the one calculated for a polytomy, but did not favour any of the alternative hypotheses of relationship within Fabales. In the light of the morphological evidence available and the comparative behavior of rbcL and matK, the topology recovering Polygalaceae as sister to the rest of the order Fabales with Leguminosae more closely related to Quillajaceae + Surianaceae, is considered the most likely hypothesis of interfamilial relationships of the order. Dating of selected crown clades in the Fabales phylogeny using penalized likelihood suggests rapid radiation of the Leguminosae, Polygalaceae, and (Quillajaceae + Surianaceae) crown clades.

scholarly journals Noteworthy record of the Ethiopian genet, Genetta abyssinica, (Carnivora, Viverridae) from Djibouti informs its phylogenetic position within Genetta

Mammalia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam W. Ferguson ◽  
Houssein R. Roble ◽  
Molly M. McDonough
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Sister Relationship ◽  
Molecular Sequence Data ◽  
Molecular Sequence ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Relationship Of

AbstractThe molecular phylogeny of extant genets (Carnivora, Viverridae,Genetta) was generated using all species with the exception of the Ethiopian genetGenetta abyssinica. Herein, we provide the first molecular phylogenetic assessment ofG. abyssinicausing molecular sequence data from multiple mitochondrial genes generated from a recent record of this species from the Forêt du Day (the Day Forest) in Djibouti. This record represents the first verified museum specimen ofG. abyssinicacollected in over 60 years and the first specimen with a specific locality for the country of Djibouti. Multiple phylogenetic analyses revealed conflicting results as to the exact relationship ofG. abyssinicato otherGenettaspecies, providing statistical support for a sister relationship to all other extant genets for only a subset of mitochondrial analyses. Despite the inclusion of this species for the first time, phylogenetic relationships amongGenettaspecies remain unclear, with limited nodal support for many species. In addition to providing an alternative hypothesis of the phylogenetic relationships among extant genets, this recent record provides the first complete skeleton of this species to our knowledge and helps to shed light on the distribution and habitat use of this understudied African small carnivore.

scholarly journals Mosaic Genomes of the Six Major Primate Lentivirus Lineages Revealed by Phylogenetic Analyses

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (13) ◽  
pp. 7202-7213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Salemi ◽  
Tulio De Oliveira ◽  
Valerie Courgnaud ◽  
Vincent Moulton ◽  
Barbara Holland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Phylogeny Reconstruction ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Primate Lentiviruses ◽  
Recombinant Fragments ◽  
Clustering Patterns

ABSTRACT To clarify the origin and evolution of the primate lentiviruses (PLVs), which include human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 as well as their simian relatives, simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs), isolated from several host species, we investigated the phylogenetic relationships among the six supposedly nonrecombinant PLV lineages for which the full genome sequences are available. Employing bootscanning as an exploratory tool, we located several regions in the PLV genome that seem to have uncertain or conflicting phylogenetic histories. Phylogeny reconstruction based on distance and maximum-likelihood algorithms followed by a number of statistical tests confirms the existence of at least five putative recombinant fragments in the PLV genome with different clustering patterns. Split decomposition analysis also shows that phylogenetic relationships among PLVs may be better represented by network-based graphs, such as the ones produced by SplitsTree. Our findings not only imply that the six so-called pure PLV lineages have in fact mosaic genomes but also make more unlikely the hypothesis of cospeciation of SIVs and their simian hosts.

scholarly journals Financial institutions performance evaluation in a unique developing market using TOPSIS approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami Al Kharusi ◽  
Eşref Savaş Başci
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Investment Companies ◽  
Ideal Solutions ◽  
Topsis Approach ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One

Using Technique for Order Performance by Similarity to Ideal Solutions (TOPSIS) approach for the data from 2011 to 2015, the authors investigate the financial performance of 16 different financial institutions in Oman that include nine commercial banks, three specialized banks, two investment companies, and two finance companies. They find that the one investment company, Dhofar International Development and Investment Holding Co., was more efficient in 2015 and 2011. Moreover, Oman Housing Bank was more efficient in 2013 and 2014, while Ahli Bank was more efficient in the year 2012. In contrast, Bank Muscat that has the largest total assets was ranked number 16 for the years 2013, 2014 and 2015. As a result of Spearman’s Rho (Rank-Order) Correlation, all ranked results are related to other years. If a bank is at placement in level, it can be affected by year before or year after. But Oman banks’ correlations shows that there are 2 different periods as effecting one year to the other. Keywords: financial institutions performance, TOPSIS, emerging markets, efficiency, decision making criteria. JEL Classification: G21, G23, L25

scholarly journals Pyrenochaetopsis kuksensis (Pyrenochaetopsidaceae), a new species associated with an ornamental boxwood in the Czech Republic

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 498 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-185
Author(s):  
MILAN ŠPETÍK ◽  
AKILA BERRAF-TEBBAL ◽  
ROBERT POKLUDA ◽  
ALEŠ EICHMEIER
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Buxus Sempervirens ◽  
Fungal Microbiome ◽  
A New Species

During the investigation of fungal microbiome associated with boxwood in the Czech Republic, samples from Buxus sempervirens L. (Buxaceae) plants were collected and used for isolation. Two fungal strains were proposed as a new species Pyrenochaetopsis kuksensis based on morphology as well as phylogenetic analyses of ITS, LSU, rpb2, and tub2 sequence data. Detailed descriptions and phylogenetic relationships of the new taxon are provided.

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