Taxonomic revision of Croton section Cleodora (Euphorbiaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIA BEATRIZ ROSSI CARUZO ◽  
INÊS CORDEIRO
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
Critical Revision ◽  
Species Descriptions ◽  
Degree Of Overlap

Croton section Cleodora is a Neotropical section disjunctly distributed in Mexico and Central America, northern and northwestern South America, and eastern Brazil. Eighteen species are recognized as belonging to the section, which is characterized mainly by an arborescent or shrubby habit, presence of clear or reddish latex, leaves with a pair of basilaminar or acropetiolar glands, pistillate flowers sepals with some degree of overlap, and 4-fid or multifid styles united at the base or above, usually forming a crown. We conduct a critical revision of Croton section Cleodora, congruent with the current understanding of its evolutionary history. We provide here an identification key for the two recognized subsections (Croton subsection Sphaerogyni and C. subsection Spruceani) and their species. Descriptions, illustrations, comments about taxonomy, habitat, geographic distribution and phenological information are provided for each species. Six lectotypes are here designated.

On the genus Gastrodynerus Bohart, 1984 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4671 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-250
Author(s):  
YURI CAMPANHOLO GRANDINETE ◽  
GUSTAVO BELLINI CORTES ◽  
JAMES MICHAEL CARPENTER
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
New World ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
External Morphology

The genus Gastrodynerus is here revised based on external morphology and male genitalia. Bohart (1984) proposed Gastrodynerus as a new genus with three species: G. vanduzeei (Bohart 1948), G. searsi Bohart, 1984, and G. stangei Bohart, 1984. Later, Rodriguez-Palafox (1996) added G. tacubayae (de Saussure, 1857). Herein, we describe four new species from Central America and South America: G. guatemalensis sp. nov.; G. barretti sp. nov.; G. aimara sp. nov. and G. yungaensis sp. nov. After this taxonomic revision, the Gastrodynerus includes eight species widely distributed in the New World. An identification key is provided for all of the species. 

A taxonomic revision of Mexican and Central American Symplocos (Symplocaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 264 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
LAWRENCE M. KELLY ◽  
FRANK ALMEDA ◽  
PETER W. FRITSCH
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Central American ◽  
Complete List ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
One New Species

A taxonomic revision of the Mexican and Central American members of Symplocos is presented. Thirty two species are recognized for the region. Two of the species belong to Symplocos sect. Hopea, and 30 are members of S. sect. Symplocos series Symplocos. The species of S. ser. Symplocos are easily distinguished from those of S. sect. Hopea by their connate petals that are adnate to the androecium distinctly beyond the base (versus connate and adnate at the base only), and filaments that are tangentially flattened in cross section and apically constricted (versus terete and not apically constricted). Of the 32 recognized species, ten are endemic to Mexico, 13 are endemic to Central America, two are shared between Central America and South America, seven are shared between Mexico and Central America, and one is shared among Mexico, Central America, and Cuba. One new species, S. nigridentata, is described from Mexico, and lectotypifications or neotypifications are provided for S. coccinea, S. coccinea var. hirta, S. costaricana, S. hartwegii, S. hartwegii var. opaca, S. limoncillo, S. prionophylla, S. pycnantha, S. schiedeana, S. serrulata, S. speciosa, and S. tomentosa. The revision includes keys, full synonymy, descriptions, illustrations for those species not already illustrated elsewhere, distribution maps and assignment of conservation status for all species, and a complete list of exsiccatae.

scholarly journals Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae, Sphaenorhynchus lacteus (Daudin, 1800): first record of the genus and species for the state of Piauí, Brazil

Check List ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronildo Alves Benício ◽  
Guilherme Ramos da Silva ◽  
Mariluce Gonçalves Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
First Record ◽  
The State ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
First Time

The geographic distribution of Sphaenorhynchus lacteus comprises Amazon and Orinoco basins of South America, Guianas, eastern Brazil and Trinidad. Herein, we report for the first time the occurrence of Sphaenorhynchus lacteus and of the genus for the state of Piauí. 

A revision of the genus Syagrus (Arecaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 294 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
LARRY R. NOBLICK
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Complete List ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Conservation Assessment ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Species Descriptions

Presented here is a taxonomic revision of the Neotropical palm genus Syagrus (Arecaceae, Arecoideae, Cocoseae, Attaleinae), which is mostly from South America and primarily from Brazil. The history of the genus is reviewed. The revision includes a key, a complete list of synonymy, species descriptions, a list of specimens, distribution maps, color plates, and a conservation assessment of each species. Included herein are 65 species, 2 subspecies, and 14 natural hybrids. Of these palms, one is new (Syagrus pimentae); three are new combinations (S. cataphracta, S. elata, S. × dickensonii); and two have changed their status (S. graminifolia subsp. graminifolia and S. graminifolia subsp. glazioviana). Of the fourteen naturally occurring hybrids, eleven have hybrid names and three do not. This revision is an important contribution to the taxonomy and identification of Syagrus species from South America and the Caribbean, and is the culmination of many years of lab and fieldwork.

Redefinition of the vittata species group of Epicauta Dejean (1834) (Coleoptera: Meloidae) and taxonomic revision of the species from southern South America

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2824 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARÍA PAULA CAMPOS-SOLDINI ◽  
SERGIO ALBERTO ROIG-JUÑENT
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Species Group ◽  
South American ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Northern South America ◽  
First Time

The Epicauta vittata group are commonly known as striped blister beetles and was defined by previous authors to include 32 species, 18 from North America, Central America and northern South America, and 14 from southern South America. In the present revision we revised 22 species from South America, excluding the following southern South American species: E. borgmeieri Denier, 1935; E. floydwerneri Martínez, 1955; E. franciscana Denier, 1935; E. fulginosa (Oliver, 1795); E. purpureiceps (Berg, 1889); E. rutilifrons Borchmann, 1930; and E. zebra (Dohrn, 1876) because they do not have the diagnostic characters of the group. The species of the E. vittata group from southern South America are: E. bosqi Denier, 1935; E. clericalis (Berg, 1881); E. grammica (Fischer, 1827); E. leopardina (Haag-Rutemberg, 1880); E. luteolineata Pic, 1933; E. missionum (Berg, 1881); E. monachica (Berg, 1883); E. rutilifrons Borchmann, 1930; plus two more species E. excavata (Klug, 1825); and E. semivittata (Fairmaire, 1875) until now not included in other groups. We provide a complete diagnosis of the E. vittata group from southern South America, redescribing and illustrating all included species. Detailed descriptions and illustrations of female and male genitalia are presented for the first time for these species. Finally, we provide an identification key for the ten species presently included in the E. vittata group, and update the geographic distribution of each species.

Revisión Taxonómica de las Especies de Chusquea (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Bambuseae) en Chile

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-243
Author(s):  
Carolina Guerreiro ◽  
Andrea S. Vega
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Taxonomic Treatment ◽  
The World ◽  
Woody Bamboos ◽  
First Time

Chusquea Kunth (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Bambuseae) is the most diverse genus of woody bamboos in the world. In southern South America, several species of Chusquea are the dominant components of the understory and all of them are endemic to the region. The taxonomic position of some of those species has raised much controversy. In this work, a comprehensive taxonomic revision of the Chusquea species native to Chile is presented, including synonyms, descriptions, iconography, geographic distribution, habitat, phenology, common names, and a key for the identification of the 13 taxa considered here (12 species and one form) based on vegetative and reproductive morphological characters. Chusquea andina Phil. and C. gigantea Demoly are included for the first time in a taxonomic treatment, establishing their differences with related entities and, thus, resolving the C. culeou E. Desv. species complex. Also, a complete illustration of C. fernandeziana Phil. is presented for the first time.

Insights into the Taxonomy of Citharexylum (Verbenaceae): A Revision of the South American Taxa

2021 ◽  
Vol 106 ◽  
pp. 167-233
Author(s):  
Nataly O'Leary ◽  
Laura A. Frost ◽  
Fabiana Mirra ◽  
Pablo Moroni
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
New Combination ◽  
South American ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

Citharexylum L. belongs to the recently circumscribed tribe Citharexyleae of the Verbenaceae, along with Rehdera Moldenke. It comprises around 50 to 60 species of trees and shrubs growing in the Neotropics. A complete taxonomic revision of Citharexylum in South America is here provided for the first time. Thirty taxa are present in South America, 27 of these are endemic, and three of them also grow in Central America. Detailed morphological descriptions are given for each taxon, as well as a key for their identification; illustrations, photographs, or iconography; updated synonymy; geographic distribution maps and ecological notes; list of selected specimens; and discussion about the relationship among closely related taxa. A new status, C. poeppigii Walp. var. anomalum (Moldenke) N. O’Leary, and a new combination, C. dentatum D. Don var. canescens (Moldenke) N. O’Leary, are proposed. Thirty-five new synonyms are suggested, and lectotypes are designated for C. fruticosum L. var. brittonii (Moldenke) I. E. Méndez, C. laurifolium Hayek, and Rauvolfia spinosa Cav.

Rubiacearum Americanarum Magna Hama Pars XLVI: New Species and Taxonomic Changes in Faramea of Central and South America (Rubiaceae, Coussareeae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-142
Author(s):  
Charlotte M. Taylor ◽  
Jomar G. Jardim
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
New Taxa ◽  
New Subspecies ◽  
Taxonomic Changes ◽  
New Nomenclatural Combinations

Review of specimens and names of Faramea Aubl. (Rubiaceae, Coussareeae) has required new nomenclatural combinations, clarified the identities of some previously described species, and discovered some new taxa. Here we transfer two Faramea names, F. suaveolens Duchass. and F. panurensis Müll. Arg., to Coussarea Aubl.; review the identities of F. cuencana Standl., F. multiflora A. Rich., F. oblongifolia Standl., F. parvibractea Steyerm., F. spathacea Müll. Arg. ex Standl., and F. suerrensis (Donn. Sm.) Donn. Sm.; lectotypify F. multiflora and F. panurensis; transfer to Faramea and lectotypify Rudgea scandens K. Krause; and describe 13 new species and two new subspecies: F. camposiana C. M. Taylor of Ecuador and Peru, F. foreroana C. M. Taylor of Colombia, F. fosteri C. M. Taylor of western South America, F. galerasana C. M. Taylor of Ecuador, F. grayumiana C. M. Taylor of Central America, F. kampauicola C. M. Taylor of Ecuador and Peru, F. neilliana C. M. Taylor of western South America, F. premontana C. M. Taylor of Ecuador, F. quijosana C. M. Taylor of Ecuador, F. ramosiana C. M. Taylor of Colombia, F. reyneliana C. M. Taylor of Peru, F. stoneana C. M. Taylor with two subspecies from Central and western South America, F. suerrensis subsp. miryamiae C. M. Taylor from Colombia, and F. vernicosa C. M. Taylor of Ecuador and Peru.

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