A taxonomic revision of Bromus (Poaceae: Pooideae: Bromeae) in México and Central America

Phytotaxa ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 185 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffery M. Saarela ◽  
PAUL M. PETERSON ◽  
JESUS VALDÉS-REYNA
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Taxonomic Treatment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Distinct Lineage

A taxonomic treatment of Bromus in México and Central America is presented. Twenty-two species and one variety are recognized in the region. Twelve of these species are native, and ten are adventive and introduced. Bromus section Mexibromus is newly described, representing a distinct lineage in molecular studies of the genus. It includes two species endemic to México (B. attenuatus, B. densus) and one endemic to México and Guatemala (B. dolichocarpus), distinguished from species in other Bromus sections by their 3(–5)-nerved lemmas. Bromus pinetorum is a poorly understood species of Bromus sect. Bromopsis endemic to Coahuila. Taxa that have been variously treated in the past are discussed in detail. Bromus mucroglumis and B. thysanoglottis are treated as synonyms of B. richardsonii, and B. meyeri is treated as a synonym of B. anomalus. Two varieties are recognized in B. carinatus, B. carinatus var. carinatus and B. carinatus var. marginatus. Lectotypes are designated for the names B. carinatus var. californicus, B. hookeri var. schlechtendalii, B. trinii, B. trinii var. pallidiflorus and B. trinii var. stricta. A second-step neotype is designated for B. rigidus. Keys for determining the species in English and Spanish, descriptions, synonymies, illustrations, distribution maps, comments and lists of all specimens examined are provided for each species.

scholarly journals Taxonomic revision of Martinella Baill. (Bignonieae, Bignoniaceae)

PhytoKeys ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 177 ◽  
pp. 77-116
Author(s):  
Eric Y. Kataoka ◽  
Lúcia G. Lohmann
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Axillary Buds ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypothesis ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Taxonomic Treatment ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Molecular Characters

Martinella Baill. is a genus of Neotropical lianas in tribe Bignonieae (Bignoniaceae). The genus is monophyletic and well supported by morphological and molecular characters. Members of Martinella are characterized by a continuous interpetiolar ridge surrounding the stem, bilobed or 4–5-parted calyces, and minute triangular prophylls of the axillary buds. Generic circumscription remained unchanged since the description of the genus, although unclear species limits remained. Based on extensive fieldwork, herbarium work, and a molecular phylogenetic hypothesis for the genus, we here recognize five species of Martinella. Of these, three were recognized in earlier treatments for the genus, while two represent new species described here, Martinella lanuginosa Kataoka & L.G.Lohmann, sp. nov. and Martinella tomentosa Kataoka & L.G.Lohmann, sp. nov.Martinella iquitoensis A.Samp. is treated as a synonym of M. insculpta Sprague & Sandwith. In addition, one second-step lectotype is designated for Bignonia martini DC., and neotypes are designated for Doxantha longisiliqua Miers and Martinella gollmeri K.Schum. This work provides a full taxonomic treatment for Martinella, including a complete list of synonyms, morphological descriptions, illustrations, photographs, distribution maps, conservation status, and comments for all five species recognized.

A taxonomic revision of Mexican and Central American Symplocos (Symplocaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 264 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
LAWRENCE M. KELLY ◽  
FRANK ALMEDA ◽  
PETER W. FRITSCH
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Central American ◽  
Complete List ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
One New Species

A taxonomic revision of the Mexican and Central American members of Symplocos is presented. Thirty two species are recognized for the region. Two of the species belong to Symplocos sect. Hopea, and 30 are members of S. sect. Symplocos series Symplocos. The species of S. ser. Symplocos are easily distinguished from those of S. sect. Hopea by their connate petals that are adnate to the androecium distinctly beyond the base (versus connate and adnate at the base only), and filaments that are tangentially flattened in cross section and apically constricted (versus terete and not apically constricted). Of the 32 recognized species, ten are endemic to Mexico, 13 are endemic to Central America, two are shared between Central America and South America, seven are shared between Mexico and Central America, and one is shared among Mexico, Central America, and Cuba. One new species, S. nigridentata, is described from Mexico, and lectotypifications or neotypifications are provided for S. coccinea, S. coccinea var. hirta, S. costaricana, S. hartwegii, S. hartwegii var. opaca, S. limoncillo, S. prionophylla, S. pycnantha, S. schiedeana, S. serrulata, S. speciosa, and S. tomentosa. The revision includes keys, full synonymy, descriptions, illustrations for those species not already illustrated elsewhere, distribution maps and assignment of conservation status for all species, and a complete list of exsiccatae.

scholarly journals Taxonomic revision of Peperomia (Piperaceae) from Uruguay

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 244 (2) ◽  
pp. 125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Mai ◽  
Andrés Rossado ◽  
José Mauricio Bonifacino ◽  
Jorge Luiz Waechter
Keyword(s):  
Species Identification ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Taxonomic Treatment ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
First Time

The genus Peperomia is represented by eight species in Uruguay: P. catharinae, P. comarapana, P. hispidula, P. increscens, P. pereskiifolia, P. psilostachya, P. tetraphylla and P. trineuroides. Peperomia psilostachya is reported for the first time for the flora of Uruguay, from material collected in moist hillside and riverside forests from the northeast and east of the country. Three new synonyms are proposed: P. arechavaletae var. arechavaletae as synonym of P. trineuroides, P. arechavaletae var. minor of P. tetraphylla and P. trapezoidalis of P. psilostachya. Lectotypes for P. arechavaletae, P. arechavaletae var. minor and P. tacuariana, and a neotype for P. herteri are designated. The taxonomic treatment includes synonymies used in Uruguay, morphological descriptions, distribution and habitat data, phenology, conservation assesment, observations, and material examined for each species treated. A species identification key, plant illustrations and distribution maps in Uruguay are provided.

A Taxonomic Treatment of Rogiera (Guettardeae, Rubiaceae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 186-210
Author(s):  
Alejandro Torres-Montúfar ◽  
Hilda Flores-Olvera ◽  
Helga Ochoterena
Keyword(s):  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Phenological Data ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Taxonomic Treatment ◽  
Center Of Diversity ◽  
Previously Treated ◽  
Northern South America ◽  
First Time

Abstract—Rogiera (Guettardeae, Rubiaceae) is a Neotropical genus distributed from Mexico to northern South America that includes shrubs, treelets, or trees, which were previously treated in the taxonomically controversial and confused Rondeletia complex. Rogiera can be recognized among other Rubiaceae by the combination of multiflowered inflorescences, heterostylous flowers, quincuncial corolla aestivation, a hairy ring at the corolla mouth, and capsular fruits with loculicidal dehiscence. Despite the recent taxonomic circumscription of Rogiera there is not a comprehensive taxonomic treatment to it. Moreover, regional floristic treatments disagree on the species circumscriptions, with discrepancies in the number of species of Rogiera from 11 to 20. Based on molecular and morphological evidence studied on field and herbarium specimens, we present a taxonomic revision of Rogiera. We recognize ten species; Mexico is the center of diversity with nine species, four of them endemic. An identification key, descriptions, distribution maps, nomenclatural history, phenological data, and illustrations of all the species in the genus are provided for the first time. Several names required lecto- or epitypifications designated here.

Insights into the Systematics of Tribe Duranteae (Verbenaceae) II: A Taxonomic Revision of the New World Genus Duranta

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 502-577
Author(s):  
Pablo Moroni ◽  
Nataly O'Leary
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Taxonomic Treatment ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
First Time

A comprehensive taxonomic treatment for the New World genus Duranta L. (Duranteae, Verbenaceae) is presented for the first time. The genus consists of shrubs or small trees that are largely distributed in the Neotropics. The analyses of the morphological features support the recognition of 31 Duranta species. Duranta repens L. var. canescens Moldenke and D. mutisii L. f. serrulata Moldenke are elevated to the species rank. The previously misunderstood identity of D. obtusifolia Kunth is here untangled and properly discussed, while D. buxifolia Poir., endemic to the Caribbean, and D. xalapensis Kunth, endemic to Mexico, are resurrected from the synonymy of D. triacantha Juss. and D. erecta L., respectively. Eight taxa are here synonymized: D. brachypoda Tod. (= D. erecta), D. repens var. lopez-palacii Moldenke (= D. canescens P. Moroni), D. repens var. serrata Moldenke (= D. stenostachya Tod.), D. sprucei Briq. var. breviracemosa Moldenke (= D. mutisii), D. arida subsp. serpentina R. W. Sanders & Judd (= D. arida Britton & P. Wilson), D. peruviana var. longipedicellata Moldenke (= D. peruviana Moldenke), D. parvifolia Moldenke (= D. vestita), and D. vestita var. glabrescens Moldenke (= D. vestita Cham.). Duranta cajamarcensis Moldenke and D. parviflora Turcz. are reclassified as belonging to genera Citharexylum L. and Priva Adans., respectively. Lectotypes are designated for the names D. recurvistachys Rusby (second-step), D. rostrata Pasq., and D. xalapensis Kunth. Furthermore, D. penlandii Moldenke is reported for the first time in Colombia.

scholarly journals A taxonomic revision of the myrmecophilous species of the rattan genus Korthalsia (Arecaceae)

Kew Bulletin ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salwa Shahimi ◽  
Maria Conejero ◽  
Christina J. Prychid ◽  
Paula J. Rudall ◽  
Julie A. Hawkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Morphological Characterisation ◽  
Microscopic Images ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Taxonomic Treatment ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Scanning Electron

SummaryThe rattan genus Korthalsia Blume (Arecaceae: Calamoideae: Calameae) is widespread in the Malesian region. Among the 28 accepted species are 10 species that form intimate associations with ants. The ants inhabit the conspicuous ocreas that are produced by these species, using them as domatia to care for their young and aphids. As a foundation for future work, we present here a taxonomic treatment of the myrmecophilous Korthalsia species, based on extensive research pursued both in the herbarium and the field. In addition, we conduct detailed morphological characterisation of the structure and development of ocrea using light and scanning electron microscopy. Descriptions, illustrations, keys and distribution maps are presented for all 10 species, along with microscopic images of ocrea morphology and development for selected species.

scholarly journals A monograph of Hydriastele (Areceae, Arecaceae) in New Guinea and Australia

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 370 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
PETER PETOE ◽  
CHARLIE D. HEATUBUN ◽  
WILLIAM J. BAKER
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Red List ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Taxonomic Treatment ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Botanical Illustrations

A taxonomic revision of the genus Hydriastele H.Wendl. & Drude in New Guinea, Australia and immediately adjacent islands is presented. We recognise 25 species from this area including three new species of robust tree palms from New Guinea: Hydriastele calcicola, H. lanata and H. wosimiensis. All species are described in full in the taxonomic treatment, with accompanying botanical illustrations, photographs, distribution maps and preliminary IUCN Red List Assessments. In addition, a key to the species in New Guinea and Australia is provided as well as a systematic conspectus placing all 39 accepted species of Hydriastele in an informal infrageneric framework.

Taxonomic revision of the neotropical genus Homalolepis Turcz. (Simaroubaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 366 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARCELO FERNANDO DEVECCHI ◽  
WILLIAM WAYT THOMAS ◽  
JOSÉ RUBENS PIRANI
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Central America ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Infrageneric Classification ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Extensive Field ◽  
Narrow Endemics

Homalolepis Turcz. is a neotropical, monophyletic genus, recently reestablished as a segregate from Simaba Aubl., based on molecular and morphological grounds. As here defined, Homalolepis comprises 28 species, mainly distributed in tropical South America, with one species extending to Central America. Most species occur within the Cerrado and Atlantic forest domains in Brazil and only a few species occur in the Caatinga and Amazonian domains or in other countries. Most of the species are narrow endemics, and two (H. suaveolens and H. maiana) are presumably extinct. The present revision treatment is primarily based on the examination of about 1300 specimens from 58 herbaria. Natural populations of 20 species were also studied. Extensive field work improved the representativeness of collections of several species which were poorly known until now, and it was critical for achieving accurate species circumscriptions, especially for some species complexes present in the genus. Twenty-three species were transferred from Simaba to Homalolepis, seven names lectotypified, an epitype designated, seven new species described, and one reestablished. The infrageneric classification is reevaluated, with an updated morphological circumscription of two traditional sections. This revision provides the taxonomic data on nomenclatural types, including synonymies, morphological descriptions, etymology of species names, common names and uses, illustrations and photos, and brief discussions on phenology, taxonomy and nomenclature. Distribution maps are provided for each species, along with biogeographical and ecological comments.

Insights into the Taxonomy of Citharexylum (Verbenaceae): A Revision of the South American Taxa

2021 ◽  
Vol 106 ◽  
pp. 167-233
Author(s):  
Nataly O'Leary ◽  
Laura A. Frost ◽  
Fabiana Mirra ◽  
Pablo Moroni
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
New Combination ◽  
South American ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

Citharexylum L. belongs to the recently circumscribed tribe Citharexyleae of the Verbenaceae, along with Rehdera Moldenke. It comprises around 50 to 60 species of trees and shrubs growing in the Neotropics. A complete taxonomic revision of Citharexylum in South America is here provided for the first time. Thirty taxa are present in South America, 27 of these are endemic, and three of them also grow in Central America. Detailed morphological descriptions are given for each taxon, as well as a key for their identification; illustrations, photographs, or iconography; updated synonymy; geographic distribution maps and ecological notes; list of selected specimens; and discussion about the relationship among closely related taxa. A new status, C. poeppigii Walp. var. anomalum (Moldenke) N. O’Leary, and a new combination, C. dentatum D. Don var. canescens (Moldenke) N. O’Leary, are proposed. Thirty-five new synonyms are suggested, and lectotypes are designated for C. fruticosum L. var. brittonii (Moldenke) I. E. Méndez, C. laurifolium Hayek, and Rauvolfia spinosa Cav.

Taxonomic Revision of Xylophragma (Bignonieae, Bignoniaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 620-637
Author(s):  
Miriam Kaehler ◽  
Lúcia G. Lohmann
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Complete List ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Terminal Leaflet ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Dry Forests ◽  
Taxonomic Treatment ◽  
New Synonyms

Abstract—Xylophragma (Tribe Bignonieae, Bignoniaceae) includes seven species of lianas or scandent shrubs. The genus is characterized by leaves 1‐5-foliolate with a simple tendril replacing the terminal leaflet, branched trichomes, calyx usually cuspidate, pink flowers, and ovary usually lepidote. The genus is distributed through dry forests from Mexico to Paraguay and Southern Brazil. We provide the first comprehensive taxonomic treatment for Xylophragma, including a detailed description of the genus, a key for all species, complete list of synonyms, descriptions and illustrations for all species, as well as information on the geographic distribution, habitat, phenology, conservation status, and taxonomic comments for all taxa. Overall, we analyzed more than 700 sheets deposited in 13 herbaria, including types for all accepted names and synonyms. We designate lectotypes for Arrabidaea clausseni, Arrabidaea elliptica, Arrabidaea macrophylla, Rojasiophyton tuberculatum, Saldanhaea myriantha var. pubescens, and a second step lectotype for Distictis rovirosana. Four new synonyms are proposed: A. claussenii as a synonym of X. corchoroides; S. pratensis and R. tuberculatum as synonyms of X. myrianthum; and X. unifoliolatum as a synonym of X. seemannianum.

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