Microlejeunea subaphanes, a new synonym of Cheilolejeunea decursiva (Marchantiophyta, Lejeuneaceae) new to America

Phytotaxa ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 188 (5) ◽  
pp. 292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Shu ◽  
Yu-Mei Wei ◽  
Xia-Fang Cheng ◽  
Rui-Liang Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Rare Species ◽  
Transverse Section ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
Tropical Africa ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
New Synonym ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Medullary Cells

Recent molecular phylogenetic studies have confirmed that Microlejeunea (Spruce 1884: 286) Stephani (1888: 61) is a good genus which is closely related to Lejeunea Libert (1820: 372) (Dong et al. 2013; Wei 2013). Microlejeunea is distinguished from Lejeunea by the presence of ocelli in the leaf lobe, transverse section of the stem consisting of seven cortical cells and three medullary cells, and keel of the female bract usually winged (Wei & Zhu 2013). Although about 50 species are currently accepted in Microlejeunea, most of them are still poorly known. Microlejeunea subaphanes Herzog (1950: 70) is a very rare species known only from the type specimen collected in São Paulo, Brazil (Herzog 1950; Gradstein & Costa 2003), and its identity is not clear (Bischler et al. 1963). Our examination of its type specimen showed that M. subaphanes does not belong to Micrololejeunea because of the distal hyaline papilla of the leaf lobule, pycnolejeuneoid gynoecial innovation, keel of female bract not winged, transverse section of the stem consisting of 7−9 cortical cells and 4−5 medullary cells, and absence of ocelli in the leaf lobe (Fig. 1). Further critical study revealed that M. subaphanes is conspecific with Cheilolejeunea decursiva (Sande Lacoste 1855: 522) Schuster (1963: 112), which is widespread in tropical Africa and rare in Asia (Borneo, Java, Sri Lanka), Australia and Oceania (Fiji, Hawaii) (Zhu & Lai 2005).

Notes on Early Land Plants Today. 48. Drepanolejeunea longifolia, a new synonym of Drepanolejeunea angustifolia (Marchantiophyta, Lejeuneaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 162 (4) ◽  
pp. 234 ◽  
Author(s):  
QIONG HE ◽  
RUI-LIANG ZHU
Keyword(s):  
Asexual Reproduction ◽  
Transverse Section ◽  
Land Plants ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Basal Disc ◽  
New Synonym ◽  
Early Land ◽  
Medullary Cells

Drepanolejeunea (Spruce 1884: 186) Stephani (1891: 209), with about 110 currently accepted species, is the fourth largest genus of Lejeuneaceae (following Cololejeunea (Spruce 1884: 291) Stephani (1891: 208), Lejeunea Libert (1820: 373), and Cheilolejeunea (Spruce 1884: 251) Stephani (1890: 284) (He et al. 2012). Although Drepanolejeunea is a diverse pantropical genus, it is characterized and easily distinguished from other related genera by the 1) erect to widely divergent lobes of underleaves without a basal disc,  2) transverse section of stem with 7 cortical cells and 3 medullary cells, 3) presence of ocelli at least at base of leaf lobe), 4) proximal hyaline papilla, 5) pycnolejeuneoid leaf sequence of gynoecial innovation (if present), 6) inflated perianths usually with various projections near apex, and 7) asexual reproduction by means of cladia or caducous leaves (Zhu & So 2001; He et al. 2012; Pócs et al., 2013). The genus has been classified in a separate subtribe, Drepanolejeuneinae Gradstein (2013: 14), together with Vitalianthus Schuster & Giancotti (1993: 447).

scholarly journals Notes on Early Land Plants Today. 39. Microlejeunea indica (Marchantiophyta, Lejeuneaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
YU-MEI WEI ◽  
RUI-LIANG ZHU
Keyword(s):  
Transverse Section ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Land Plants ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Generic Concept ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Early Land ◽  
Medullary Cells

  The systematic position of the pantropical genus Microlejeunea Stephani (1888: 61) has been debated. Grolle (1995) first defined the precise generic concept of Microlejeunea, which was also confirmed by molecular studies (Wilson et al. 2004; Dong et al. 2013). This concept has recently been followed by various authors (e.g., He & Zhu 2011; Lavocat & Schäfer-Verwimp 2011; Thouvenot et al. 2011; Marline et al. 2012; Thiers et al. 2012). Microlejeunea is well characterized and easily separated from Lejeunea Libert (1820: 372) by the presence of ocelli in the leaf lobe, transverse section of stem consisting of seven cortical cells and three medullary cells, and keel of female bract usually winged (Wei & Zhu 2013). Lejeunea indica Udar & Awasthi (1981: 345), known only from India (Udar & Awasthi 1981; Joshi 1995; Zhu & Long 2003; Dey et al. 2008), has all essential characters of Microlejeunea. Thus, a new combination is needed.

New nomenclatural and taxonomic adjustments in Dracaena (Asparagaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 524 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-300
Author(s):  
RATIDZAYI TAKAWIRA-NYENYA ◽  
JOACHIM THIEDE ◽  
LADISLAV MUCINA
Keyword(s):  
New Taxa ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Monophyletic Clade ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
New Synonym ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Name Changes

Recent molecular phylogenetic studies showed that the genus Sansevieria (excluding S. sambiranensis) forms a monophyletic clade nested within the paraphyletic genus Dracaena. Consequently, the genus Sansevieria was sunk into the genus Dracaena and new combinations were published to accommodate the transfer of taxa from Sansevieria into Dracaena. Since the inclusion of Sansevieria into Dracaena, new taxa have been published in Sansevieria. This paper presents fourteen name changes including twelve new combinations in Dracaena and two rank adjustments, one new synonym, and one lectotypification aiming at further standardisation of the taxonomy of Dracaena.

Ceratolejeunea tahitensis, a new synonym of C. cornuta (Lejeuneaceae, Marchantiophyta)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 207 (2) ◽  
pp. 213 ◽  
Author(s):  
TAMÁS PÓCS ◽  
SAHUT CHANTANAORRAPINT
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Transverse Section ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Colombian Andes ◽  
Brown Cell ◽  
New Synonym ◽  
Tropical America ◽  
Dark Color ◽  
Apical Tooth

The genus Ceratolejeunea was established by Jack and Stephani in 1892 based on C. grandiloba Jack & Stephani (1892: 16) from the Colombian Andes, as the similar name given by Schiffner (1893) based on Spruce’s Lejeunea subg. Cerato-Lejeunea (Spruce 1884–85: 198) proved to be illegitimate (Dauphin 2003). The genus is mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical regions and the highest species diversity of the genus is in the tropical America with 24 species (Dauphin 2003; Frey & Stech 2009; Reiner-Drehwald 2011; Silva Brito & Ilkiu-Borges 2012). Most of species are common on bark and living leaves (Pócs 2011). The genus has been classified in a separate subtribe Ceratolejeuneinae Gradstein (2013: 14), together with Luteolejeunea Piippo (1986: 56). Ceratolejeunea is characterized and easily distinguished from other related genera by the dark color plants with pale brown cell walls, transverse section of stem with seven cortical cells and over four medullary ones, usual presence of ocelli in leaf lobes, curved apical tooth of the leaf lobule with a proximal hyaline papilla, pycnolejeuneoid leaf sequence of gynoecium innovations, inflated perianths usually with horn-like projections, usual presence of utricles on branches, and usual absence of asexual reproductive organs (Zhu et al. 2005; Pócs 2011).

Transfer of the Kobresia taxa of the flora of Russia and adjacent countries to the genus Carex (Cyperaceae)

2020 ◽  
pp. 125-129
Author(s):  
D. G. Melnikov ◽  
L. I. Krupkina
Keyword(s):  
International Collaboration ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
New Nomenclatural Combinations

Based on the published data of molecular phylogenetic studies of the tribe Cariceae Dumort. genera (Cyperaceae), obtained by an international collaboration (The Global Carex Group, 2016; et al.), and morphological characters of the genera (Kukkonen, 1990; and others), new nomenclatural combinations and replacement names in the genus Carex L. are published for 11 species, one subspecies and two sections previously included in the genus Kobresia Willd.

Systematics and evolution of Lentibulariaceae: III. Utricularia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard W. Jobson ◽  
Paulo C. Baleeiro ◽  
Cástor Guisande
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
Vulnerable Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

Utricularia is a morphologically and ecologically diverse genus currently comprising more than 230 species divided into three subgenera—Polypompholyx, Utricularia, and Bivalvaria—and 35 sections. The genus is distributed worldwide except on the poles and most oceanic islands. The Neotropics has the highest species diversity, followed by Australia. Compared to its sister genera, Utricularia has undergone greater rates of speciation, which are linked to its extreme morphological flexibility that has resulted in the evolution of habitat-specific forms: terrestrial, rheophytic, aquatic, lithophytic, and epiphytic. Molecular phylogenetic studies have resolved relationships for 44% of the species across 80% of the sections. Scant data are available for phylogeography or population-level processes such as gene flow, hybridization, or pollination. Because nearly 90% of the species are endemics, data are urgently needed to determine how to protect vulnerable species and their habitats.

scholarly journals Lack of support for Deuterostomia prompts reinterpretation of the first Bilateria

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. eabe2741
Author(s):  
Paschalia Kapli ◽  
Paschalis Natsidis ◽  
Daniel J. Leite ◽  
Maximilian Fursman ◽  
Nadia Jeffrie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Error ◽  
Tree Reconstruction ◽  
Simulation Experiments ◽  
Animal Evolution ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Branch Lengths ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Common Ancestors

The bilaterally symmetric animals (Bilateria) are considered to comprise two monophyletic groups, Protostomia (Ecdysozoa and the Lophotrochozoa) and Deuterostomia (Chordata and the Xenambulacraria). Recent molecular phylogenetic studies have not consistently supported deuterostome monophyly. Here, we compare support for Protostomia and Deuterostomia using multiple, independent phylogenomic datasets. As expected, Protostomia is always strongly supported, especially by longer and higher-quality genes. Support for Deuterostomia, however, is always equivocal and barely higher than support for paraphyletic alternatives. Conditions that cause tree reconstruction errors—inadequate models, short internal branches, faster evolving genes, and unequal branch lengths—coincide with support for monophyletic deuterostomes. Simulation experiments show that support for Deuterostomia could be explained by systematic error. The branch between bilaterian and deuterostome common ancestors is, at best, very short, supporting the idea that the bilaterian ancestor may have been deuterostome-like. Our findings have important implications for the understanding of early animal evolution.

Paracarphalea, a new genus of the coffee family segregated from the Malagasy endemic genus Carphalea (Rubiaceae, Rubioideae, Knoxieae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 263 (2) ◽  
pp. 98 ◽  
Author(s):  
JULIA FERM ◽  
JESPER KÅREHED ◽  
BIRGITTA BREMER ◽  
SYLVAIN G. RAZAFIMANDIMBISON
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Methods ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Endemic Genus ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Nuclear Its ◽  
Iucn Criteria

The Malagasy genus Carphalea (Rubiaceae) consists of six species (C. angulata, C. cloiselii, C. kirondron, C. linearifolia, C. madagascariensis, C. pervilleana) of shrubs or small trees and is recognizable by a distinctly lobed calyx, 2(–4)-locular ovaries, each locule with several ovules on a rod-like stalk arising from the base of the locule, and indehiscent fruits. Carphalea linearifolia, rediscovered in 2010, has not previously been included in any Rubiaceae molecular phylogenetic studies. We re-investigated the monophyly of Carphalea using sequence data from chloroplast (rps16 and trnT-F) and nuclear (ITS and ETS) markers analysed with parsimony and Bayesian methods. Carphalea linearifolia forms a clade with C. cloiselii and the type species C. madagascariensis. This clade is sister to a clade consisting of the rest of the Carphalea species plus the genus Triainolepis. According to these results, the new genus Paracarphalea is here described to accommodate Carphalea angulata, C. kirondron, and C. pervilleana. The conservation status of Carphalea linearifolia is assessed as critically endangered according to IUCN criteria.

scholarly journals Notes on Some Interesting Sporocarp-Inhabiting Fungi Isolated from Xylarialean Fungi in Japan

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 574
Author(s):  
Wasiatus Sa’diyah ◽  
Akira Hashimoto ◽  
Gen Okada ◽  
Moriya Ohkuma
Keyword(s):  
Dry Forest ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Moist Forest ◽  
Mycoparasitic Fungi ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Ibaraki Prefecture ◽  
Soil Borne Fungi ◽  
Isolated Species

The diversity of sporocarp-inhabiting fungi (SCIF) was examined using six samples of xylarialean fungi from two different forests in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan: a moist forest in the Sakuragawa area and an urban dry forest in the Tsukuba area. These fungi were enumerated using direct observation and dilution plate methods. We obtained 44 isolates, and careful morphological and molecular phylogenetic studies of these isolates revealed that approximately 30% of the operating taxonomic units were undescribed or cryptic species related to known fungi. Although typical mycoparasitic fungi, such as helotialean fungi and Trichoderma spp., were not isolated, the genera Acremonium, Acrodontium, and Simplicillium were detected. Comparisons of SCIF communities between the two forests suggested that the number of isolated species in the Sakuragawa area was lower than that in the Tsukuba area. Soil-borne fungi, such as Aspergillus, Beauveria, Penicillium, and Talaromyces, or polypores/corticioid mushrooms, are frequently detected in the Tsukuba area. Factors affecting SCIF communities in the two forests are discussed. Some noteworthy fungi are briefly described with notes on taxonomy, ecology, and molecular phylogeny.

scholarly journals Fungi of entomopathogenic potential in Chytridiomycota and Blastocladiomycota, and in fungal allies of the Oomycota and Microsporidia

IMA Fungus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Kaczmarek ◽  
Mieczysława I. Boguś
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Black Flies ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Lady Beetles ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe relationship between entomopathogenic fungi and their insect hosts is a classic example of the co-evolutionary arms race between pathogen and target host. The present review describes the entomopathogenic potential of Chytridiomycota and Blastocladiomycota fungi, and two groups of fungal allies: Oomycota and Microsporidia. The Oomycota (water moulds) are considered as a model biological control agent of mosquito larvae. Due to their shared ecological and morphological similarities, they had long been considered a part of the fungal kingdom; however, phylogenetic studies have since placed this group within the Straminipila. The Microsporidia are parasites of economically-important insects, including grasshoppers, lady beetles, bumblebees, colorado potato beetles and honeybees. They have been found to display some fungal characteristics, and phylogenetic studies suggest that they are related to fungi, either as a basal branch or sister group. The Blastocladiomycota and Chytridiomycota, named the lower fungi, historically were described together; however, molecular phylogenetic and ultrastructural research has classified them in their own phylum. They are considered parasites of ants, and of the larval stages of black flies, mosquitoes and scale insects.

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