Standing Intraoral Extraction of the Right Mandibular Third Molar Tooth in a Cow Utilizing Tooth Sectioning

A 2-year-old Holstein heifer presented to a university teaching hospital with an apical tooth infection of the right mandibular third molar. A standing oral extraction technique was attempted for tooth removal; however, the molar could not be delivered intact. A tooth sectioning technique was performed, and the affected molar was successfully delivered. Three months postextraction, the heifer had fully recovered, and the extraction site had healed. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first description of a tooth extraction in a cow using a tooth sectioning technique. This case describes an alternative technique for tooth removal in cattle with an apical tooth infection. The clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic features of this case may be helpful to clinicians when they approach similar cases in the future.

A new species of Lasioseius (Acari: Blattisociidae) from Brazil with morphological and DNA barcode data

Lasioseius foliatisetus n. sp. is described based on the morphology and molecular markers of adult females collected in litter/soil samples of the Caatinga and Pantanal, extensive Brazilian biomes. This new species can be distinguished from other Lasioseius species mainly by having fixed cheliceral digit with three teeth in addition to apical tooth, most dorsal shield setae leaf-shaped, and ventrianal shield with seven pairs of setae (including Jv5) in addition to the circumanal setae. The determined nucleotide sequences of the CytB gene and of ITSS of Lasioseius foliatisetus n. sp. are the first data of these types deposited in a published database (GenBank) for a species of this genus. The phylogenetic tree generated in the analysis of ITSS sequences showed a clade constituted only by species of the superfamily Phytoseoidea, including L. foliatisetus n. sp.. The phylogenetic tree generated in the ML analysis based on CytB showed a separation of the blattisociid species (including L. foliatisetus n. sp.) in one clade and the phytoseiid species in another clade. The analysis of the 28S 1–3 domain by itself did not allow the separation of the new species here described from species of other blattisociid genera.

Mandibular morphology, task specialization and bite mechanics in Pheidole ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Ants show remarkable ecological and evolutionary success due to their social life history and division of labour among colony members. In some lineages, the worker force became subdivided into morphologically distinct individuals (i.e. minor versus major workers), allowing for the differential performance of particular roles in the colony. However, the functional and ecological significance of these morphological differences are not well understood. Here, we applied finite element analysis (FEA) to explore the biomechanical differences between major and minor ant worker mandibles. Analyses were carried out on mandibles of two Pheidole species, a dimorphic ant genus. We tested whether major mandibles evolved to minimize stress when compared to minors using combinations of the apical tooth and masticatory margin bites under strike and pressure conditions. Majors performed better in pressure conditions yet, contrary to our expectations, minors performed better in strike bite scenarios. Moreover, we demonstrated that even small morphological differences in ant mandibles might lead to substantial differences in biomechanical responses to bite loading. These results also underscore the potential of FEA to uncover biomechanical consequences of morphological differences within and between ant workers.

Inpabasis intermedia, a new species of damselfly from Peru (Odonata: Coenagrionidae); with an illustrated key to all known Inpabasis-species

Inpabasis intermedia sp. n. (holotype ♂: Peru, Loreto Región) is described and illustrated. An illustrated key to both sexes is given for all members of the genus. Males of I. intermedia can be distinguished from its congeners by the angled division laterally between dark and light areas of the pterothorax, by the short unbranched paraprocts and rounded cerci which bear only a small apical tooth and by the genital ligula with two long apical processes ending in a flattened hook. Females can be distinguished by the dorsoposteriorly directed posterior prothoracic lobe with straight hind margin. http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:18F2C9D3-28BC-4329-A001-657860A858AB

A new species of Symphyogyna (Pallaviciniaceae, Marchantiophyta) from the northern Andes of Ecuador Notes on the Bryophytes of Ecuador IV

A new species of Symphyogyna, S. caduciloba, is described, based on the combination of ascending growth form, deeply lobate thallus, variable lobe tips with a small, 1–2-celled apical tooth which is sometimes replaced by a slime papilla, and caducous thallus lobes. Relations with similar species are discussed and a key to the lobate species of Symphyogyna in Ecuador is presented.

Description of the male of Misetus strumiai Di Giovanni, Scaramozzino & Diller, 2018 (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae, Phaeogenini) from Italy

The genus Misetus Wesmael, 1845 is a small taxon of the subfamily Ichneumoninae, tribe Phaeogenini. The genus can be distinguished from other genera of the tribe by having mandible with two teeth, clypeus with more or less developed median apical tooth, genae short and sublinearly narrowed behind eyes in dorsal view; males are characterized by thyridia large and placed far off the base of metasomal tergite II; females are easily recognized by metasoma elongate and compressed apically, apical margin of last metasomal tergite more or less concave and ovipositor short and bent upwards (Selfa & Diller 1994, 1995, Di Giovanni et al. 2018). Misetus includes seven known species, six of which occur in Europe (Wesmael 1845, Kusigemati 1974, Kolarov 1985, Selfa & Diller 1995, Di Giovanni et al. 2018) and one in Japan and South Korea (Kwon et al. 2011; Yu et al. 2012). Misetus strumiai Di Giovanni, Scaramozzino & Diller, 2018 was described recently from females known only from the island of Montecristo (Italy, Tuscany) (Di Giovanni et al. 2018, Di Giovanni & Scaramozzino 2019). Here we described the male of this species and provide a comparative diagnosis with other known males of European members of the genus.

The alderfly genus Indosialis Lestage, 1927 (Megaloptera: Sialidae) in Thailand and Laos, with a description of a new species

Indosialis Lestage, 1927 is a small and rare megalopteran genus belonging to the family Sialidae and endemic to the Oriental region. The Thai and Lao species of Indosialis are herein revised by an integrative approach combining morphological and molecular evidence, including two species: Indosialis bannaensis Liu, Yang & Hayashi, 2006 and Indosialis siamensis sp. nov. The pupal stage of Indosialis is reported here for the first time. Indosialis siamensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from its congeners by 1) the brown head and prothorax (orange in congeners); 2) the apical tooth of right mandible in male sharply angulated (truncate or almost absent in congeners); and 3) the distinct sac-like structure present in male genitalia (indistinct or absent in congeners). The new species coexists with I. bannaensis in Loei Province, northeastern Thailand. Both species inhabit slow-flowing or sluggish streams that are usually covered by Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott (Araceae).

A new species of Nothobrya Arlé, 1961 (Collembola: Entomobryidae) from Brazil and notes on key characters for Nothobryinae taxonomy, with an identification key to the species of the subfamily

A new species of Nothobrya Arlé is described and illustrated. The specimens were collected in Serra da Capivara National Park and its vicinities, Caatinga Biome, Piauí State, Brazil, from soil and leaf litter samples. Nothobrya sertaneja sp. nov. differs from the two previously described species of the genus, N. arlei Silveira & Mendonça and N. schubarti Arlé, by antennae with 4–5 antennomeres (6 in N. arlei and N. schubarti); metatrochanteral organ with 7–13 spine-like chaetae (15 in N. arlei and 3–4 in N. schubarti); tenaculum with 2–3 smooth chaetae on corpus (4 ciliated chaetae in N. arlei and 2 chaetae with unclear morphology in N. schubarti); and inner unguis with 2 basal paired teeth, 1 median and 1 apical tooth (2 basal paired, 1 median and 2 lateral teeth in N. arlei and 2 basal paired and 0–1 unpaired median tooth in N. schubarti). We present herein the first complete and labelled dorsal chaetotaxy description of the genus and the entire subfamily, including the S-chaetotaxy of the tergal segments. Finally, we also provide a new diagnosis to Nothobrya, plus an identification key to species of Nothobryinae.

A new species of Ceratolejeunea Jack & Steph. (Lejeuneaceae, Marchantiophyta) from Brazil

Ceratolejeunea falcatodentata, a new species from Brazil, is described and illustrated. This remarkable new species can be distinguished from other species by its considerably long, hook-shaped apical tooth, free margin of the lobule plane and sharply pointed leaf lobe apex.

Use of Leaf and Fruit Morphometric Analysis to Identify and Classify White Mulberry (Morus alba L.) Genotypes

Digital image analysis and multivariate data analysis were used in this study to identify a set of leaf and fruit morphometric traits to discriminate white mulberry (Morus alba L.) cultivars. The trial was conducted using three- to five-year-old potted cuttings of several white mulberry cultivars. 32 leaf morphometric descriptors were recorded in 2011 and 2012 from 11 mulberry cultivars using image analysis of scanned leaves, whereas six fruit descriptors were recorded in 2011 from nine mulberry cultivars. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was used to identify a subset of measured variables that could discriminate the cultivars in trial. Biplot analysis, followed by cluster analysis, was performed on the discriminant variables to investigate any possible cultivar grouping based on similar morphometric traits. LDA was able to discriminate the 11 cultivars with a canonical function, which included 13 leaf descriptors. Using those 13 descriptors, the Biplot showed that over 84% of the variability could be explained by the first three factors. Clustering of standardized biplot coordinates recognized three groups: the first including ‘Korinne’ and ‘Miura’ with similar leaf angles and apical tooth size; the second including ‘Cattaneo’, ‘Florio’, ‘Kokusò-21’, ‘Kokusò-27’, and ‘Kokusò Rosso’ with similar leaf size and shape; and the third including ‘Ichinose’, ‘Kayrio’, ‘Morettiana’, and ‘Restelli’, with similar leaf margin. Fruit descriptors were fewer and measured on fewer cultivars, yielding smaller discriminatory power than leaf descriptors. Use of leaf morphometric descriptors, along with image and multivariate analysis, proved to be effective for discriminating mulberry cultivars and showed promise for the implementation of a simple and inexpensive characterization and classification tool.