Three new synonyms of Solenostoma truncatum (Nees) R.M.Schust. ex Váňa et D.G. Long

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 231 (3) ◽  
pp. 295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Li ◽  
JIŘÍ VÁŇA
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
East Asia ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Leaf Form ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
Marginal Cells

Solenostoma truncatum (Nees 1830: 29) R.M. Schust. ex Váňa & D.G.Long (2009: 509) is widely distributed and the commonest Solenostoma-species in south-east Asia, reaching from Himalayas, India and Srí Lanka to China, Japan, Micronesia, Samoa, New Guinea and northern Australia (Queensland). The species is very variable: its leaf form varies from subquadrate-rotund, ovate, ovate-ligulate to rarely ligulate, the cell texture is also relatively variable, but the marginal leaf-cells are mostly ± equally thickened in 1–2 or more rows, and the cuticle is usually at least minutely verrucose, rarely nearly smooth. Perianth is shortly to longly exserted, fusiform or ovate, perianth mouth is contracted or wide, crenulate, sometimes with ciliate marginal cells. Many  synonyms were published for S. truncatum.

The systematics and biology of the spider genus Nephila (Araneae:Nephilidae) in the Australasian region

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark S. Harvey ◽  
Andrew D. Austin ◽  
Mark Adams
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
East Asia ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Allozyme Data ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
Nephila Plumipes ◽  
Australasian Region

Five species of the nephilid genus Nephila Leach are found in the Australasian region, which for the purposes of this study was defined as Australia and its dependencies (including Lord Howe I., Norfolk I., Christmas I., Cocos (Keeling) Is), New Guinea (including Papua New Guinea and the Indonesian province of West Papua), Solomon Is, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji, Tonga, Niue, New Zealand and other parts of the south-west Pacific region. All species are redescribed and illustrated. Nephila pilipes (Fabricius) occurs in the closed forests of eastern and northern Australia, New Guinea, Solomon Is and Vanuatu (through to South-East Asia); N. plumipes (Latreille) is found in Australia (including Lord Howe I. and Norfolk I.), New Guinea, Vanuatu, Solomon Is and New Caledonia; N. tetragnathoides (Walckenaer) inhabits Fiji, Tonga and Niue; N. antipodiana (Walckenaer) occurs in northern Australia (as well as Christmas I.), New Guinea and Solomon Is (through to South-East Asia); and N. edulis (Labillardière) is found in Australia (including Cocos (Keeling) Is), New Guinea, New Zealand and New Caledonia. Epeira (Nephila) walckenaeri Doleschall, E. (N.) hasseltii Doleschall, N. maculata var. annulipes Thorell, N. maculata jalorensis Simon, N. maculata var. novae-guineae Strand, N. pictithorax Kulczyński, N. maculata var. flavornata Merian, N. pictithorax Kulczyński, N. maculata var. flavornata Merian, N. maculata piscatorum de Vis, and N. (N.) maculata var. lauterbachi Dahl are proposed as new synonyms of N. pilipes. Nephila imperialis var. novaemecklenburgiae Strand, N. ambigua Kulczyński, N. sarasinorum Merian and N. celebesiana Strand are proposed as new synonyms of N. antipodiana. Meta aerea Hogg, N. meridionalis Hogg, N. adelaidensis Hogg and N. meridionalis hermitis Hogg are proposed as new synonyms of N. edulis. Nephila picta Rainbow is removed from the synonymy of N. plumipes and treated as a synonym of N. edulis, and N. nigritarsis insulicola Pocock is removed from the synonymy of N. plumipes and treated as a synonym of N. antipodiana. Allozyme data demonstrate that N. pilipes is distinct at the 80% FD level from N. edulis, N. plumipes and N. tetragnathoides. Nephila plumipes and N. tetragnathoides, deemed to represent sister-taxa owing to the shared presence of a triangular protrusion of the male pedipalpal conductor, were found to differ at 15% FD in the genetic study. No genetic differentiation was found between 10 populations of N. edulis sampled across mainland Australia. Species of the genus Nephila have been extensively used in ecological and behavioural studies, and the biology of Nephila species in the Australasian region is extensively reviewed and compared with studies on Nephila species from other regions of the world.

Phylogenetic connections of phyllodinous species of Acacia outside Australia are explained by geological history and human-mediated dispersal

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian K. Brown ◽  
Daniel J. Murphy ◽  
James Kidman ◽  
Pauline Y. Ladiges
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
East Asia ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Western Pacific ◽  
Disjunct Distribution ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Australian Species

Acacia sensu stricto is found predominantly in Australia; however, there are 18 phyllodinous taxa that occur naturally outside Australia, north from New Guinea to Indonesia, Taiwan, the Philippines, south-western Pacific (New Caledonia to Samoa), northern Pacific (Hawaii) and Indian Ocean (Mascarene Islands). Our aim was to determine the phylogenetic position of these species within Acacia, to infer their biogeographic history. To an existing molecular dataset of 109 taxa of Acacia, we added 51 new accessions sequenced for the ITS and ETS regions of nuclear rDNA, including samples from 15 extra-Australian taxa. Data were analysed using both maximum parsimony and Bayesian methods. The phylogenetic positions of the extra-Australian taxa sampled revealed four geographic connections. Connection A, i.e. northern Australia?South-east Asia?south-western Pacific, is shown by an early diverging clade in section Plurinerves, which relates A. confusa from Taiwan and the Philippines (possibly Fiji) to A. simplex from Fiji and Samoa. That clade is related to A. simsii from southern New Guinea and northern Australia and other northern Australian species. Two related clades in section Juliflorae show a repeated connection (B), i.e. northern Australia?southern New Guinea?south-western Pacific. One of these is the ?A. auriculiformis clade', which includes A. spirorbis subsp. spirorbis from New Caledonia and the Loyalty Islands as sister to the Queensland species A. auriculiformis; related taxa include A. mangium, A. leptocarpa and A. spirorbis subsp. solandri. The ?A. aulacocarpa clade' includes A. aulacocarpa, A. peregrinalis endemic to New Guinea, A. crassicarpa from New Guinea and Australia, and other Australian species. Acacia spirorbis (syn. A. solandri subsp. kajewskii) from Vanuatu (Melanesia) is related to these two clades but its exact position is equivocal. The third biogeographic connection (C) is Australia?Timor?Flores, represented independently by the widespread taxon A. oraria (section Plurinerves) found on Flores and Timor and in north-eastern Queensland, and the Wetar island endemic A. wetarensis (Juliflorae). The fourth biogeographic connection (D), i.e. Hawaii?Mascarene?eastern Australia, reveals an extreme disjunct distribution, consisting of the Hawaiian koa (A. koa, A. koaia and A. kaoaiensis), sister to the Mascarene (R�union Island) species A. heterophylla; this clade is sister to the eastern Australian A. melanoxylon and A. implexa (all section Plurinerves), and sequence divergence between taxa is very low. Historical range expansion of acacias is inferred to have occurred several times from an Australian?southern New Guinean source. Dispersal would have been possible as the Australian land mass approached South-east Asia, and during times when sea levels were low, from the Late Miocene or Early Pliocene. The close genetic relationship of species separated by vast distances, from the Indian Ocean to the Pacific, is best explained by dispersal by Austronesians, early Homo sapiens migrants from Asia.

New taxa and records of Gryllacrididae (Orthoptera, Stenopelmatoidea) from South East Asia and New Guinea with a key to the genera

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4510 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
SIGFRID INGRISCH
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
New Taxa ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Wing Venation ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
Full Species ◽  
New Synonym ◽  
The Family

New records of Gryllacrididae from South East Asia to New Guinea are reported, new taxa are described and type specimens from European collections redescribed. The wing venation of the tegmina and its variation within the family is discussed. A new key to the 50 genera and subgenera of Gryllacrididae occurring in the area from South East Asia to New Guinea is provided. Six genera and two subgenera are introduced as new: Angustogryllacris gen. nov., Minigryllacris gen. nov., Monseremus gen. nov., Siamgryllacris gen. nov., Paraneanias gen. nov., Plexigryllacris gen. nov., Pseudasarca subgen. nov. of Asarcogryllacris Karny, 1937, Xiphilarnaca subgen. nov. of Metriogryllacris Karny, 1937. Two genera Gigantogryllacris Karny, 1937 and Pardogryllacris Karny, 1937 are reduced to subgeneric status under Gryllacris Audinet-Serville, 1831 and one monotypic genus Cyanogryllacris Karny, 1937 is synonymised with Capnogryllacris Karny, 1937.        70 species and nine subspecies are described as new: Eugryllacris gandaki sp. nov., Eugryllacris guomashan sp. nov., Eugryllacris crassicauda sp. nov., Eugryllacris crassicauda cambodiana ssp. nov., Eugryllacris serricauda sp. nov., Eugryllacris trabicauda sp. nov., Eugryllacris vermicauda sp. nov., Eugryllacris sulcata sp. nov., Eugryllacris inversa sp. nov., Gryllacris incornuta sp. nov., Gryllacris sok sp. nov., Gryllacris (Pardogryllacris) ovulicauda sp. nov., Gryllacris (Gigantogryllacris) bilineata sp. nov., Gryllacris (Gigantogryllacris) ligulata sp. nov., Lyperogryllacris forcipata sp. nov., Lyperogryllacris ocellata sp. nov., Lyperogryllacris khuntan sp. nov., Ocellarnaca disjuncta sp. nov., Ocellarnaca fusca sp. nov., Otidiogryllacris lawang sp. nov., Otidiogryllacris bamusbama sp. nov., Prosopogryllacris gamta sp. nov., Prosopogryllacris nigra sp. nov., Prosopogryllacris silacea sp. nov., Xanthogryllacris lineata sp. nov., Xanthogryllacris punctata sp. nov., Xanthogryllacris ralum sp. nov., Xanthogryllacris subrecta sp. nov., Aancistroger inarmatus sp. nov., Angustogryllacris bibulbata sp. nov., Aphanogryllacris sinustylata sp. nov., Aphanogryllacris nigritibiae sp. nov., Asarcogryllacris (Asarcogryllacris) brevis sp. nov., Asarcogryllacris (Asarcogryllacris) parapat sp. nov., Asarcogryllacris (Asarcogryllacris) robusta sp. nov., Asarcogryllacris (Pseudolarnaca) cornualis sp. nov., Asarcogryllacris (Pseudasarca) arborea sp. nov., Australogryllacris guttata sp. nov., Capnogryllacris (C.) erythrocephala fuscifrons ssp. nov., Capnogryllacris (C.) varifrons sp. nov., Capnogryllacris (C.) nigromaculata sp. nov., Capnogryllacris (C.) sakaerat toxica ssp. nov., Celebogryllacris brevitegmina sp. nov., Diaphanogryllacris annamita tenera ssp. nov., Diaphanogryllacris opulenta sp. nov., Diaphanogryllacris recta sp. nov., Diaphanogryllacris sinuata sp. nov., Eremus tigris sp. nov., Furcilarnaca chiangdao sp. nov., Furcilarnaca salit sp. nov., Furcilarnaca trilobata sp. nov., Haplogryllacris bilobulata sp. nov., Homogryllacris armigera sp. nov., Homogryllacris stabilis sp. nov., Larnaca (Larnaca) nigricornis sp. nov., Larnaca (Larnaca) tenuis sp. nov., Larnaca (Larnaca) samkos sp. nov., Larnaca (Larnaca) squamiptera sp. nov., Larnaca (Larnaca) subaptera sp. nov., Melaneremus sikkimensis sp. nov., Minigryllacris perpusilla sp. nov., Monseremus appendiculatus sp. nov., Neanias virens sp. nov., Neolarnaca vera nigrinotum ssp. nov., Phryganogryllacris extensa sp. nov., Phryganogryllacris gialaiensis fovealis ssp. nov., Phryganogryllacris nonangulata sp. nov., Siamgryllacris rufa sp. nov., Ultragryllacris pulchra nan ssp. nov., Ultragryllacris triangula sp. nov., Woznessenskia ampliata sp. nov., Woznessenskia bavi sp. nov., Zalarnaca (Glolarnaca) elegantula sp. nov., Zalarnaca (Glolarnaca) globiceps minor ssp. nov., Zalarnaca (Zalarnaca) maninjau sp. nov., Papuogryllacris diluta baiteta ssp. nov., Papuogryllacris rugifrons sp. nov., Papuogryllacris ligata bundi ssp. nov., Paraneanias striatus sp. nov., Plexigryllacris megastyla sp. nov.        The following nomenclatural changes had to be done: Gryllacris bancana Karny, 1930a stat. nov. is raised to full species from subspecies of Gryllacris obscura Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888; Xanthogryllacris inquinata (Karny, 1928c) comb. & stat. nov. is raised to full species from subspecies under Pardogryllacris dyak (Griffini, 1909); Eremus oberthuri Griffini, 1913a stat. nov. is raised to full species from subspecies under Eremus rugosifrons Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888; Prosopogryllacris nigrovenosa (Karny, 1928b) stat. nov. is raised to full species from subspecies under Prosopogryllacris horvathi (Griffini, 1909); Xanthogryllacris punctipennis aurantiaca (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888) stat. reest. and Xanthogryllacris punctipennis dempwolffi (Griffini, 1909b) stat. reest. are treated as valid subspecies under Xanthogryllacris punctipennis (Walker, 1869) instead of being synonyms of the latter; Gryllacris thailandi Gorochov, 2007 and Gryllacris thailandi facemarmiger Gorochov et al., 2015 are downgraded to subspecies of Gryllacris vittata Walker, 1869. Gryllacris kledangensis Karny, 1923 and Gryllacris lombokiana Karny, 1926a become new synonyms of Gryllacris peracca Karny, 1923; Brachyntheisogryllacris abbreviata evolutior (Griffini, 1909a) becomes a new synonym of Brachyntheisogryllacris abbreviata (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888), and Haplogryllacris hieroglyphicoides (Chopard, 1924) a new synonym of Haplogryllacris simplex (Walker, 1871).        The following new combinations are proposed: Capnogryllacris (C.) basaliatrata (Griffini, 1909c) comb. nov. from Cyanogryllacris Karny, 1937; Haplogryllacris aliena Walker, 1869 comb. nov. and Haplogryllacris durgensis (Gupta & Chandra, 2017) comb. nov. from Gryllacris Audinet-Serville, 1831; Homogryllacris artinii (Griffini, 1913b) comb. nov., Homogryllacris buyssoniana (Griffini, 1912c) comb. nov., Homogryllacris kurseonga (Griffini, 1913b) stat. & comb. nov. and Homogryllacris ? maindroni (Griffini, 1913a) comb. nov. from Brachyntheisogryllacris Karny, 1937; Larnaca (Larnaca) eugenii (Griffini, 1914b) comb. nov. from Metriogryllacris Karny, 1937; Larnaca (Larnaca) larnacoides (Karny, 1937) comb. nov. and Larnaca (Larnaca) jacobsoni (Griffini, 1913c) comb. nov. from Melaneremus Karny, 1937. 

A revision of the Australian Stem Borers hitherto referred to Schoenobius and Scirpophaga (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae, Schoenobiinae)

1960 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 307 ◽  
Author(s):  
IFB Common
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
East Asia ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Stem Borers ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
A New Species

The Australian pyralid stem borers of Gramineae, Cyperaceae, and Juncaceae, previously assigned to Schoenobius Duponchel and Scirpophaga Treitschke, are here referred to six genera. Scirpophaga Treit. - Eight species are recognized: S. chrysorrhoa Zeller, S. phaedima, sp. nov., S. limnochares, sp. nov., S. xantharrenes, sp. nov., S. imparella (Meyrick), S. helodes, sp. nov., S. percna, sp. nov., and S. ochroleuca (Meyrick). Though some of these bear a superficial resemblance to the true rice stem borers, the genus includes species whose larvae attack sedges (Cyperaceae). Helonastes, gen. nov. - The genus is based on a new species, H. acentrus, associated with Eleocharis (Cyperaceae) in central Queensland. Niphadoses, gen. nov.-The genus is erected to include three new Australian species, N. palleucus, which is associated with cultivated rice in north-western Australia, N. elachia, and N. hoplites, together with N. chionotus (Meyrick) from New Guinea and N. gilbiverbis (Zeller) from India. Catagela Walker. - A new species, C. adoceta, from northern Australia, is described. Tryporyza gen. nov. - The genus is established to receive the two important stem-borer pests of cultivated rice, Tipanaea innotata Walker from south-east Asia and northern Australia and Chilo incertulas Walker from south-east Asia, previously referred to Scirpophaga and Schoenobius respectively. Also included are Scirpophaga butyrota Meyrick from New Guinea and Schoenobius melanostigmus Turner from the Cape York Peninsula. It is suggested that T. innotata already occurred in northern Australia before European settlement. Tipanaea Walker. - The genus is restricted to the single Australian species, T. patulella Walker, associated with Juncaceae. Genitalic and other structures used to distinguish these genera are discussed. The genitalia of both sexes and the wings of the Australian species are figured, and keys to the genera and species are included.

What was the vegetation in northwest Australia during the Paleogene, 66–23million years ago?

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael K. Macphail ◽  
Robert S. Hill
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
National Park ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
First Record ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Dry Conditions

Fossil pollen and spores preserved in drillcore from both the upper South Alligator River (SARV) in the Kakadu National Park, Northern Territory and the North-West Shelf, Western Australia provide the first record of plants and plant communities occupying the coast and adjacent hinterland in north-west Australia during the Paleogene 66 to 23million years ago. The palynologically-dominant woody taxon is Casuarinaceae, a family now comprising four genera of evergreen scleromorphic shrubs and trees native to Australia, New Guinea, South-east Asia and Pacific Islands. Rare taxa include genera now mostly restricted to temperate rainforest in New Guinea, New Caledonia, New Zealand, South-East Asia and/or Tasmania, e.g. Dacrydium, Phyllocladus and the Nothofagus subgenera Brassospora and Fuscospora. These appear to have existed in moist gorges on the Arnhem Land Plateau, Kakadu National Park. No evidence for Laurasian rainforest elements was found. The few taxa that have modern tropical affinities occur in Eocene or older sediments in Australia, e.g. Lygodium, Anacolosa, Elaeagnus, Malpighiaceae and Strasburgeriaceae. We conclude the wind-pollinated Oligocene to possibly Early Miocene vegetation in the upper SARV was Casuarinaceae sclerophyll forest or woodland growing under seasonally dry conditions and related to modern Allocasuarina/Casuarina formations. There are, however, strong floristic links to coastal communities growing under warm to hot, and seasonally to uniformly wet climates in north-west Australia during the Paleocene-Eocene.

The scorpion-tailed orb-weaving spiders (Araneae, Araneidae, Arachnura) in Australia and New Zealand

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4706 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-170
Author(s):  
PEDRO DE S. CASTANHEIRA ◽  
RAPHAEL K. DIDHAM ◽  
COR J. VINK ◽  
VOLKER W. FRAMENAU
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Single Female ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Nomen Dubium ◽  
The Pacific

The scorpion-tailed orb-weaving spiders in the genus Arachnura Vinson, 1863 (Araneidae Clerck, 1757) are revised for Australia and New Zealand. Arachnura higginsii (L. Koch, 1872) only occurs in Australia and A. feredayi (L. Koch, 1872) only in New Zealand. A single female collected in south-eastern Queensland (Australia) is here tentatively identified as A. melanura Simon, 1867, but it is doubtful that this species has established in Australia. Two juveniles from northern Queensland do not conform to the diagnoses of any of the above species and are illustrated pending a more thorough revision of the genus in South-East Asia and the Pacific region. An unidentified female from Westport (New Zealand) does not conform to the diagnoses of A. feredayi and A. higginsii, but is not described due to its poor preservation status. Arachnura caudatella Roewer, 1942 (replacement name for Epeira caudata Bradley, 1876), originally described from Hall Sound (Papua New Guinea) and repeatedly catalogued for Australia, is considered a nomen dubium. 

New synonyms and a new subspecies of Macrogomphus Selys, 1858 (Odonata: Gomphidae) from continental south-east Asia

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4615 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
OLEG E. KOSTERIN
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Great Lake ◽  
Diagnostic Character ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
New Subspecies ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
Siem Reap ◽  
Tonle Sap ◽  
Lake Tonle Sap ◽  
The Relationship

The taxa of the genus Macrogomphus Selys, 1858 occurring in continental south-east Asia are reconsidered. Macrogomphus rivularis Förster, 1914 (described from Vietnam), M. borikhanensis Fraser, 1933 (described from Laos), and M. guilinensis Chao, 1983 (described from China), are synonymised with M. albardae Selys, 1878. The relationship and conspecificity of the latter with M. parallelogramma Burmeister, 1839 are doubtful, perhaps they are bona species. Males of M. albardae (and seemingly of parallelogramma as well) are approximately trimorphic for the pale pattern of the abdominal S3–S6, being of either a ‘dashed morph’ (with small isolated anteriolateral spots and conspicuous middorsal streaks), or a ‘ringed morph (with broad anterior rings and less conspicuous middorsal streaks), or an ‘intermediate morph’. Validity of the species M. matsukii Asahina, 1986 is doubted; its holotype could be an aberrant male of M. albardae. The main diagnostic character of M. albardae, M. phalantus Lieftinck, 1935 and probably M. parallelogramma, is clarified to be the structure of the cercus inner branch. M. phalantus jayavarman subsp. nov. is described from temporarily inundated forest at the northern bank of the great Lake Tonlé Sap of Cambodia (Siem Reap Province, 1.5 km SSW of Kampong Pluk village, 13.1956° N, 103.9725° E, 3 m a.s.l.), which is ca 1,300 km north and overseas from the presumed range of M. phalantus phalantus. 

scholarly journals The genus Euphorbia in Australia

1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 429 ◽  
Author(s):  
DC Hassall
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Interspecific Relationships ◽  
New Hebrides

In Australia the genus Euphorbia L., sensu stricto, is represented by seven indigenous species in three subgenera. One species has been reported from Papua New Guinea and parts of South-east Asia, another from the New Hebrides; the remaining species are endemic to Australia. Two taxa are described as new species, viz. Euphorbia parvicaruncula and Euphorbia planiticola, and two former species are reduced to infraspecific rank, viz. Euphorbia tannensis subsp. eremophila, and Euphorbia tannensis subsp. eremophila var. finlaysonii. Observations are made on geographical distributions, interspecific relationships, and chromosome numbers.

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