Conflict between morphological and molecular data: A case study of Ficus krishnae (Moraceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 247 (2) ◽  
pp. 143 ◽  
Author(s):  
KUMAR K. ANAND ◽  
SATYA N. JENA ◽  
LAL B. CHAUDHARY ◽  
MUNNA SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Nodal Anatomy ◽  
Aerial Roots ◽  
Dna Contents ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
Peculiar Nature

Ficus krishnae, considered as highly sacred plant species in India, is well known for its peculiar nature of cup-shaped leaves. The species distinctly differs from its allied species F. benghalensis not only in the cup formation in leaves but also in the height of plants, aerial roots, stipules, petiole and its leafy appendages, ostiolar bracts of the receptacle and pollinator wasps, in addition to slight differences in the karyotype, DNA contents, stomatal and parenchymatous cells and nodal anatomy. In spite of having several morphological differences, F. krishnae is considered by some authors as a synonym of F. benghalensis, which does not seem to be convincing. Contrary to the morphological differences, the sequence analysis of nuclear and plastid regions of both the species conducted in the present study does not reveal any significant variations and thus infers no differentiation between the species at molecular level. This may be due to mutations at one or few coding loci or differences in gene expression associated with morphogenesis with significant phenotypic appearance.

scholarly journals Is there a need for accepting paraphyletic taxa? A case study in the Sardinian endemic Cymbalaria muelleri (Plantaginaceae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 191 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pau Carnicero ◽  
Peter Schönswetter ◽  
Núria Garcia-Jacas ◽  
Mercè Galbany-Casals
Keyword(s):  
Genome Size ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Disjunct Distribution ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
A New Species ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

Abstract Evolution does not always result in dichotomous phylogenetic trees. For instance, in anacladogenetic speciation, where a new species originates by budding, the ancestral taxon is often initially paraphyletic. Here we study Cymbalaria muelleri (Plantaginaceae), a chasmophytic species endemic to Sardinia, a major island in the Mediterranean Basin. Its distribution range is divided into two well-delimited geographical groups with some morphological differences. Using a combination of morphology, molecular data (amplified fragment length polymorphism fingerprinting) and relative genome size, we found that the two geographical groups should be considered two separate taxa, which split through anacladogenesis. Accordingly, we formally describe the new paraphyletic subspecies C. muelleri subsp. villosa as the ancestor, from which C. muelleri subsp. muelleri originated by budding. Morphological analyses support the differentiation of the two subspecies, and there are strong diagnostic characters to differentiate them. In addition to morphology and genetics, slightly divergent habitat preferences and the disjunct distribution of the two subspecies also support the recognition of two taxa. Genome size data obtained for the two subspecies are consistent with the previously established hexaploidy of C. muelleri.

Fifth confirmed record and North Atlantic range expansion of the rare pelagic bobtail snipe eel genus Neocyema (Cyematidae, Elopomorpha)

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Yde Poulsen
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Range Expansion ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
East Greenland ◽  
Denmark Strait ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data

A fifth confirmedNeocyema specimen, caught in the Denmark Strait off the coast of south-east Greenland, provides a North Atlantic range expansion for the genus and is compared to all four previous records. Due to taxonomic issues with both adults and larvae, the new specimen from waters near Greenland is tentatively referred to asNeocyema erythrosomaand represents the largest specimen ever recorded. Morphological and molecular data are included for future comparisons. Distributional and morphological differences exist between specimens, although the present rarity of these fishes precludes an evaluation of diversity withinNeocyema.

scholarly journals Morphological and molecular data reveal a new species of Allium (Amaryllidaceae) from SW Anatolia, Turkey

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 212 (4) ◽  
pp. 283 ◽  
Author(s):  
İsmail Gökhan Deniz ◽  
İlker Genç ◽  
Duygu Sarı
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Tree Distribution ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
A New Species

Allium undulatitepalum (Amaryllidaceae) is described as a new species from the Antalya Province of Turkey. It belongs to the section Melanocrommyum and is endemic to the south-western region of Turkey. The new species is a close relative of A. orientale, but according to results of the ITS sequences, and based on the morphological differences presented in the description, it is clearly different from its relative. A phylogenetic tree, distribution map, illustrations, pollen and seed microphotographs, karyo-morphology, as well as notes on the biogeography and ecology of the new species are provided.

Ptyctimous mites (Acari, Oribatida) of the Azores

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 2172-2189
Author(s):  
Wojciech Niedbała ◽  
Katarzyna Buczkowska
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
First Time ◽  
One New Species ◽  
Species Variability

Seven soil samples have been collected on four islands of the Azores, in which 14 species of ptyctimous mites (Acari, Oribatida) were found. One new species Phthiracarus andreasi Niedbała sp. nov. from Faial Island is described. Four species have been recorded for the first time from the Azores. Molecular analysis showed that the differences in the sculpture patterns in Euphthiracarus excultus Pérez-Iñigo, 1987 represent within-species variability. However, the length of body setae can separate two different species: Phthiracarus atlanticus Pérez-Iñigo, 1987 sensu stricto and Phthiracarus falciformis Morell & Subías, 1991, despite the absence of any other morphological differences. On the basis of our morphological and molecular data, a key to species from the Azores is provided. 

A new species of Creptotrematina (Trematoda: Allocreadiidae) from characid fishes of Brazil: morphological and molecular data

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.G. Alves Dias ◽  
G. Pérez-Ponce de León ◽  
A. de Almeida Camargo ◽  
M.I. Müller ◽  
R.J. da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacers ◽  
Astyanax Mexicanus ◽  
Representative Species ◽  
Astyanax Fasciatus ◽  
Species Pairs ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
A New Species

Abstract A new species of Creptotrematina Yamaguti, 1954 was collected from characid fishes, Astyanax fasciatus (Cuvier, 1819) and Astyanax lacustris Lucerna & Soares, 2016 from the Batalha River in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The new species most closely resembles Creptotrematina aguirrepequenoi, but differs by the elongated shape of vitelline follicles, the extension of these follicles in the posterior end of body and the fact that they are not confluent. The morphological differences were confirmed through molecular data. Three specimens were sequenced, and molecular analyses were based on the internal transcribed spacers 2 and D1–D3 domains of the 28S ribosomal RNA gene. The obtained topologies showed the new species as a sister taxon of C. aguirrepequenoi, a species originally described from Astyanax mexicanus in Mexico, and later found in Astyanax aeneus in Costa Rica. Isolates of the new species are reciprocally monophyletic, and genetic distance values are similar to those observed in other species pairs within Allocreadiidae. These findings corroborate that the genus Creptotrematina is mostly a parasite of characids, and widely extended across the Americas, with representative species occurring between Argentina and northern Mexico.

The identity of some specimens previously (mis)identified as Rhinoleucophenga obesa (Loew) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Brazil, based on morphological and molecular data, with implications on distribution

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4656 (2) ◽  
pp. 310-334
Author(s):  
JEAN LUCAS POPPE ◽  
MARCO SILVA GOTTSCHALK ◽  
MARÍNDIA DEPRÁ ◽  
HERMES JOSÉ SCHMITZ ◽  
VERA LÚCIA SILVA VALENTE
Keyword(s):  
Sibling Species ◽  
The United States ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
First Time ◽  
Species Being

Rhinoleucophenga Hendel is an endemic genus of the New World with most species recorded in Brazil. Rhinoleucophenga obesa (Loew) seemed to be the most widespread species, being recorded in the United States of America, Mexico and Brazil. In the Neotropical region, identifications of R. obesa were commonly based on the description of non-type specimens determined by Costa Lima (1935) and Malogolowkin (1946), although their identities were doubtful. However, the recent redescription of R. obesa from the type-series from Texas, USA, confirmed a long period of misidentifications and a new species, R. cantareira Vilela & Bächli, was proposed based on Brazilian specimens. Thus, review of morphological and molecular traits of specimens previously identified as R. obesa in Neotropical biomes are necessary to check the identity and distribution of a group of sibling species: R. obesa, R. cantareira, R. gigantea (Thomson), R. pallida Hendel and R. pampeana Poppe et al. In the present paper, specimens previously determined as R. obesa, sampled in different Brazilian localities, were compared by morphological and molecular traits. Plates of female terminalia of R. cantareira and R. gigantea are presented for the first time. The spermathecal capsules (as well as the male epandrium) revealed useful characteristics to differentiate those species; these morphological differences were corroborated by a sequence fragment of COI. The specimens on which were based the descriptions of Rhinoleucophenga obesa sensu Costa Lima (1935) and sensu Malogolowkin (1946) were reviewed and confirmed as R. cantareira. Other Brazilian specimens from different localities, previously misidentified as R. obesa, were determined as R. gigantea or R. cantareira, with new records for both species. Therefore, the present study corresponds to the advance of identity definition and distribution of sibling species of Rhinoleucophenga commonly sampled in Neotropical inventory studies. 

Southern high latitude squat lobsters II: description of Uroptychus macquariae sp. nov. from Macquarie Ridge

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4353 (2) ◽  
pp. 327
Author(s):  
KAREEN E. SCHNABEL ◽  
INGO BURGHARDT ◽  
SHANE T. AHYONG
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Western Indian Ocean ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
Southern High Latitude ◽  
Squat Lobsters

Squat lobsters have only recently been recorded from the Macquarie Ridge, which extends south between New Zealand and Antarctica. Among these, Uroptychus insignis (Henderson, 1885) was recorded for the first time outside the western Indian Ocean, exhibiting only subtle morphological differences. Reexamination of the Macquarie Ridge and Indian Ocean specimens attributed to U. insignis using morphological and molecular data revealed the Macquarie Ridge form to represent a separate species. Subtle but consistent morphological differences are evident and partial CO1 sequence data indicates that the specimens collected on Macquarie Ridge differ from those collected in the Indian Ocean by more than 7%. The Macquarie Ridge species is described herein as Uroptychus macquariae n.sp. Subtle morphological differences between the new species and U. insignis are discussed.  

scholarly journals Taxonomy and Molecular Phylogeny of Two New Species of Prostomatean Ciliates With Establishment of Foissnerophrys gen. n. (Alveolata, Ciliophora)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Limin Jiang ◽  
Wenbao Zhuang ◽  
Hamed A. El-Serehy ◽  
Saleh A. Al-Farraj ◽  
Alan Warren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Sandy Beach ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data

Prostomatean ciliates play important roles in the flow of material and energy in aquatic microbial food webs, and thus have attracted wide attention for over a century. Their taxonomy and systematics are, however, still poorly understood because of their relatively few taxonomically informative morphological characters. In this study, two new prostomateans, Lagynus binucleatus sp. n. and Foissnerophrys alveolata gen. n., sp. n., collected from a freshwater pool and the intertidal zone of a sandy beach, respectively, in Qingdao, China, are investigated using living observation, protargol staining, and SSU rRNA gene sequencing methods. The genus Lagynus is redefined, and the new species L. binucleatus sp. n. is established based on significant morphological differences with similar forms. Furthermore, a new genus, Foissnerophrys gen. n., is established based on a combination of morphological and molecular data with F. alveaolata sp. n. the type species by monotypy. The identities of intracellular prokaryotes of these two new species are discussed based on fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) data and newly obtained 16S rRNA gene sequences.

Morphological and molecular data of two species of the rare genera Thada Thorne, 1941 and Tenunemellus Siddiqi, 1986 (Nematoda: Tylenchidae) from Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hosseinvand ◽  
A. Eskandari ◽  
R. Ghaderi ◽  
A. Karegar
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Populus Euphratica ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data

Abstract Thada populus n. sp. was found in the rhizosphere of Populus euphratica in the city of Dezful, south-western Iran. The new species is characterized by its 365–453 μm body length, cuticle with transverse annuli 0.9–1.2 μm wide, lateral fields with four lines, lip region low with one or two annuli, 7.0–8.5 μm wide at base, longitudinal or slightly sigmoid amphidial slit, delicate stylet 8.4–9.8 μm long with posteriorly directed knobs, dorsal pharyngeal gland opening at 1.0–1.5 μm posterior to the stylet knobs, non-muscular and valve-less median bulb, pyriform and offset basal bulb, almost oval spermatheca, posterior position of vulva (V = 75–79%) without lateral membrane, short post-vulval uterine sac and conical tail with finely to broadly rounded terminus. Morphological differences of the new species with those of the type species, Thada striata, are discussed. Molecular phylogenetic studies of the new species using partial sequences of small subunit ribosomal DNA revealed that the new species formed a clade with Malenchus spp., Filenchus facultativus, F. fungivorus and Filenchus sp. in Bayesian inference. Morphological and molecular phylogenetic studies were also performed on Tenunemellus indicus, the second recovered species, the latter analysis using partial sequences of large subunit ribosomal DNA. In the inferred Bayesian tree, T. indicus formed a clade with Labrys fuzhouensis, Lelenchus leptosoma from the Netherlands, Malenchus spp. and Filenchus discrepans.

scholarly journals Hidden in plain sight: a new frog species of the genus Blommersia from the oceanic island of Mayotte, Comoros archipelago

ZooKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 994 ◽  
pp. 149-166
Author(s):  
David R. Vieites ◽  
Sandra Nieto-Román ◽  
Marcos Peso Fernández ◽  
Javier H. Santos-Santos
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Western Indian Ocean ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Frog Species ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
A New Species

The amphibian fauna of the western Indian ocean volcanic island of Mayotte is currently constituted by two species belonging to two genera of the anuran family Mantellidae: Blommersia transmarina and Boophis nauticus. These were recently described after intense fieldwork on the herpetofauna of the island. We here describe a third new species of frog from Mayotte, based on morphological and molecular data, that occurs in sympatry with the others and was utterly unnoticed until now. Genetic analyses of the16S rRNA gene, including all described and several undescribed species of the genus Blommersia from Madagascar and Mayotte, confirms that the new species is the sister species of Blommersia transmarina. Both species show apparent morphological differences as well as different life histories, ecology and genetics that confirm Blommersia nataliaesp. nov. as a new species. We propose an IUCN Red List status of Critically Endangered for B. nataliaesp. nov.

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