A catalogue and bibliography of non-marine (freshwater and estuarine) Rhodophyta (red algae) of India

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 364 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. K. GANESAN ◽  
JOHN A. WEST ◽  
ORLANDO NECCHI JR.
Keyword(s):  
Red Algae ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Eastern Ghats ◽  
Red Algal ◽  
Algal Groups ◽  
Voucher Specimens ◽  
Nicobar Islands ◽  
Water Springs ◽  
First Time

An annotated bibliographic catalogue of Indian red algae (Rhodophyta) occurring in freshwater and estuarine habitats (moist terrestrial soils, ponds, streams, rivers, lakes, large inland brackish water lagoons and coastal estuaries), based on more than a century (1846 to 2017) of publications is presented in a single coherent work for the first time. There have been 81 taxonomic entities (species, varieties and doubtful records), distributed among 21 genera recorded for the vast Indian sub-continent. Species distribution among the 21 genera are as follows: Audouinella—12; Balliopsis—1; Batrachospermum—11; Bostrychia—7; Caloglossa—8; Catenella—3; Chroodactylon (including Asterocytis)—2; Chroothece—1; Compsopogon—8, Compsopogonopsis—1; Hildenbrandia—1; Kumanoa—7; Kyliniella—1; Lemanea—6; Nothocladus—1; Polysiphonia—1; Porphyridium—1; Sheathia—1; Sirodotia—4; Thorea—2; and Tuomeya—2. Of the seven currently recognized classes of Rhodophyta, no members of Bangiophyceae, Cyaniodiophyceae, or Rhodellophyceae are recorded from India. For each taxon, the following information is provided: (i) valid and currently accepted binomial (ii) synonyms as applicable to Indian records (iii) references with distribution in India and (iv) brief notes. Descriptions of new species based on Indian collections (holotypes) are indicated and some new combinations were made, when necessary. Several generic records (e.g., Balliopsis, Hildenbrandia, Kyliniella, Nothocladus and Tuomeya) and some species records (e.g. Batrachospermum longiarticulatum, Lemanea australis, L. catenata, L. fluviatilis, L. mamillosa, L. torulosa and Thorea hispida) warrant detailed confirmatory data based on reinvestigation of fresh collections for morphology, reproduction and particularly molecular data to confirm the presence in the country. Future collections, especially in the Indian Biodiversity Hotspots (Indo-Burma, Western and Eastern Ghats and Andaman & Nicobar Islands), may uncover the occurrence of genera such as Bangia, Cyanidium and Nemalionopsis known to be present in neighbouring countries of Pakistan, Nepal and Thailand. Geothermal (acidic) hot water springs in India may reveal the presence of extremophilic unicellular red algal genera like Cyanidium, Cyanidioschyzon and Galdieria of the Cyanidiophyceae. Two maps showing the political and biogeographic zones of India are included. The need to preserve holotype and duplicate/voucher specimens with GPS data of future collections of red algal groups in a centralized national facility is also highlighted.

Actin rings in cytokinesis of apical cells in red algae

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 971-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Garbary ◽  
A. Rosa McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Red Algae ◽  
Ring Formation ◽  
Transverse Wall ◽  
Actin Ring ◽  
Dense Ring ◽  
Red Algal ◽  
First Time ◽  
Actin Rings ◽  
Peripheral Cytoplasm

Actin rings are demonstrated for the first time in florideophyte red algae in Audouinella botryocarpa (Acrochaetiales) and Tiffaniella snyderae and Griffithsia pacifica (Ceramiales). Rings formed a complete circle in the peripheral cytoplasm prior to the development of the septum by furrowing. In the uninucleate A. botryocarpa, ring formation precedes mitosis. In all species F-actin initially has a diffuse to longitudinal alignment throughout the cell. The actin realigns and then contracts to form a dense actin ring. Following cell division, aggregations of actin are maintained along the transverse wall in at least G. pacifica and A. botryocarpa, and a dense ring of actin was observed around a pit plug in T. snyderae. The occurrence of actin rings in cell division of members of the Acrochaetiales and Ceramiales is consistent with ultrastructural observations on red algal unicells and suggests that actin rings are part of the ancestral cytokinetic mechanism in red algae. Keywords: actin rings, cell division, cytokinesis, cytoskeleton, microfilaments, Rhodophyta.

scholarly journals Red algal parasites: A synopsis of described species, their hosts, distinguishing characters and areas for continued research

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maren Preuss ◽  
WA Nelson ◽  
Giuseppe Zuccarello
Keyword(s):  
Host Cell ◽  
Red Algae ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Parasite Development ◽  
Cellular Interactions ◽  
Cell Control ◽  
Full Extent ◽  
Red Algal ◽  
Algal Groups ◽  
Parasite Biodiversity

© 2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston. Red algal parasites are diverse organisms that are unusual due to the fact that many are closely related to their hosts. Parasitism has developed many times within different red algal groups, but the full extent of parasite biodiversity is unknown, as parasites are easily overlooked due to their small size and often low abundance. Additionally, the literature on red algal parasites is dispersed and has not been compiled in over 30 years. Although criteria have been proposed to define what constitutes a red algal parasite, many parasites are poorly described, and the cellular interactions with their host are poorly known. A few studies have demonstrated that parasites transfer organelles to host cells, which can alter the physiology of the host to the benefit of the parasite. Here, we apply a set of defining criteria for parasites to a compiled list of all described red algal parasites. Our results highlight the lack of knowledge of many key parasitic processes including early parasite development, host cell "control", and parasite origin. Until the biology of more parasites is studied, generalisations on the processes of parasitism in red algae may be premature. We hope this synopsis will stimulate research into this fascinating group.

scholarly journals Insights into the red algae and eukaryotic evolution from the genome ofPorphyra umbilicalis(Bangiophyceae, Rhodophyta)

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (31) ◽  
pp. E6361-E6370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan H. Brawley ◽  
Nicolas A. Blouin ◽  
Elizabeth Ficko-Blean ◽  
Glen L. Wheeler ◽  
Martin Lohr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Red Algae ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Red Algal ◽  
Algal Groups ◽  
Small Set ◽  
Upper Intertidal ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Harsh Conditions ◽  
Mannan Synthesis

Porphyra umbilicalis(laver) belongs to an ancient group of red algae (Bangiophyceae), is harvested for human food, and thrives in the harsh conditions of the upper intertidal zone. Here we present the 87.7-Mbp haploidPorphyragenome (65.8% G + C content, 13,125 gene loci) and elucidate traits that inform our understanding of the biology of red algae as one of the few multicellular eukaryotic lineages. Novel features of thePorphyragenome shared by other red algae relate to the cytoskeleton, calcium signaling, the cell cycle, and stress-tolerance mechanisms including photoprotection. Cytoskeletal motor proteins inPorphyraare restricted to a small set of kinesins that appear to be the only universal cytoskeletal motors within the red algae. Dynein motors are absent, and most red algae, includingPorphyra, lack myosin. This surprisingly minimal cytoskeleton offers a potential explanation for why red algal cells and multicellular structures are more limited in size than in most multicellular lineages. Additional discoveries further relating to the stress tolerance of bangiophytes include ancestral enzymes for sulfation of the hydrophilic galactan-rich cell wall, evidence for mannan synthesis that originated before the divergence of green and red algae, and a high capacity for nutrient uptake. Our analyses provide a comprehensive understanding of the red algae, which are both commercially important and have played a major role in the evolution of other algal groups through secondary endosymbioses.

scholarly journals Red algal parasites: A synopsis of described species, their hosts, distinguishing characters and areas for continued research

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maren Preuss ◽  
WA Nelson ◽  
Giuseppe Zuccarello
Keyword(s):  
Host Cell ◽  
Red Algae ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Parasite Development ◽  
Cellular Interactions ◽  
Cell Control ◽  
Full Extent ◽  
Red Algal ◽  
Algal Groups ◽  
Parasite Biodiversity

© 2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston. Red algal parasites are diverse organisms that are unusual due to the fact that many are closely related to their hosts. Parasitism has developed many times within different red algal groups, but the full extent of parasite biodiversity is unknown, as parasites are easily overlooked due to their small size and often low abundance. Additionally, the literature on red algal parasites is dispersed and has not been compiled in over 30 years. Although criteria have been proposed to define what constitutes a red algal parasite, many parasites are poorly described, and the cellular interactions with their host are poorly known. A few studies have demonstrated that parasites transfer organelles to host cells, which can alter the physiology of the host to the benefit of the parasite. Here, we apply a set of defining criteria for parasites to a compiled list of all described red algal parasites. Our results highlight the lack of knowledge of many key parasitic processes including early parasite development, host cell "control", and parasite origin. Until the biology of more parasites is studied, generalisations on the processes of parasitism in red algae may be premature. We hope this synopsis will stimulate research into this fascinating group.

scholarly journals Red algal parasites: a synopsis of described species, their hosts, distinguishing characters and areas for continued research

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maren Preuss ◽  
Wendy A. Nelson ◽  
Giuseppe C. Zuccarello
Keyword(s):  
Host Cell ◽  
Red Algae ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Parasite Development ◽  
Cellular Interactions ◽  
Cell Control ◽  
Full Extent ◽  
Red Algal ◽  
Algal Groups ◽  
Parasite Biodiversity

AbstractRed algal parasites are diverse organisms that are unusual due to the fact that many are closely related to their hosts. Parasitism has developed many times within different red algal groups, but the full extent of parasite biodiversity is unknown, as parasites are easily overlooked due to their small size and often low abundance. Additionally, the literature on red algal parasites is dispersed and has not been compiled in over 30 years. Although criteria have been proposed to define what constitutes a red algal parasite, many parasites are poorly described, and the cellular interactions with their host are poorly known. A few studies have demonstrated that parasites transfer organelles to host cells, which can alter the physiology of the host to the benefit of the parasite. Here, we apply a set of defining criteria for parasites to a compiled list of all described red algal parasites. Our results highlight the lack of knowledge of many key parasitic processes including early parasite development, host cell “control”, and parasite origin. Until the biology of more parasites is studied, generalisations on the processes of parasitism in red algae may be premature. We hope this synopsis will stimulate research into this fascinating group.

Red algal diversity (Rhodophyta) from Peru based on molecular analysis

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 454 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
MARTHA S. CALDERON ◽  
DANILO E. BUSTAMANTE ◽  
SUNG MIN BOO
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Red Algae ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Algal Diversity ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
The Family ◽  
Red Algal ◽  
Marine Flora ◽  
First Time ◽  
Ongoing Project

In Peru, an ongoing project has been to document the marine macroalgal biodiversity using molecular approaches because, to date, the Peruvian marine flora has been mostly characterized on the basis of morphological observations. We herein report on red algae collected along the coast of Peru, including specimens collected at historically important collecting sites, in order to provide a better understanding of Peruvian red algal diversity. Using phylogenetic analysis of rbcL DNA sequences, we report for the first time the occurrence of Nothogenia chilensis, Porphyra mumfordii, and Schizymenia dubyi in Peru. Results from molecular and morphological analysis of topotype material show that Chondracanthus glomeratus (M.Howe) Guiry is conspecific with C. chamissoi (C.Agardh) Kützing. Both Rhodymenia howeana E.Y.Dawson and R. multidigitata E.Y.Dawson, Acleto & Foldvik are proposed to be later taxonomic synonyms of R. corallina (Bory) Greville. Future studies will reveal more diversity of red algae from Peru with special emphasis on members of the family Bangiaceae, Delesseriaceae, and Lithophyllaceae.

Assessment of Physicochemical Characteristics and Thermophilic Bacterial Enumeration from Hot Water Springs of Himachal Pradesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 285-287
Author(s):  
Poonam Shirkot ◽  
Ambika Verma ◽  
Monika Gupta ◽  
Anshul Sharma Manjul ◽  
Ruchika Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Bacterial Enumeration ◽  
Water Springs

Cyathea gigantea (Wall. ex Hook.) Holttum, A New Record to Andaman & Nicobar Islands

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-78
Author(s):  
Bhupendra Kholia ◽  
Lal Singh ◽  
S. Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
New Record ◽  
Andaman And Nicobar Islands ◽  
Tree Fern ◽  
Recent Collection ◽  
Nicobar Islands ◽  
First Time

Based on the recent collection a tree fern Cyathea gigantea (Wall. ex Hook.) Holttum is reported here for the first time from Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India.

Clathrosporium retortum, a novel aeroaquatic fungus in the Sordariomycetidae (Ascomycota) from Brazil

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 239 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Larissa Bernardino Moro ◽  
Gregorio Delgado ◽  
Iracema Helena SCHOENLEIN-CRUSIUS
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Present Fungus ◽  
Broad Concept ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
First Time

Clathrosporium retortum sp. nov., collected on submerged mixed leaf litter samples at Ilha do Cardoso State Park, São Paulo state, Brazil, is described based on morphological and molecular data. The fungus is characterized by forming whitish, dense, subglobose to irregular propagules, hyaline to subhyaline when young, subhyaline to dark brown at maturity, that are formed by densely interwoven conidial filaments with each conidial cell repeatedly branching bilaterally or occasionally unilaterally. Phylogenetic analyses using partial LSU nrDNA sequence data suggest that C. retortum belongs in the Sordariomycetes (Ascomycota) where it forms a well-supported clade with Clohesia corticola in the Sordariomycetidae, but its ordinal or familial placement remains unresolved. Its phylogenetic placement confirms the polyphyletic nature of aeroaquatic fungi like Clathrosporium, as it was distantly related to one available sequence in GenBank named as C. intricatum, the type species, which is phylogenetically related to the Helotiales (Leotiomycetes). However, due to lack of authenticity of the identity of this sequence with the type specimen of C. intricatum, a broad concept of Clathrosporium is tentatively adopted here to accommodate the present fungus instead of introducing a new genus. Beverwykella clathrata, Helicoön septatissimum and Peyronelina glomerulata are recorded for the first time from Brazil. Cancellidium applanatum and Candelabrum brocchiatum are new records for the state of São Paulo.

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