A revision of taxonomic relation between Oenothera royfraseri and O. turoviensis (sect. Oenothera, subsect. Oenothera; Onagraceae) based on multivariate analyses of morphological characters

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 435 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-180
Author(s):  
MONIKA WOŹNIAK-CHODACKA
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Glandular Hair ◽  
Multivariate Statistical Analyses ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Taxonomic Relation

The taxonomic relation between Oenothera royfraseri and O. turoviensis (sect. Oenothera, subsect. Oenothera; Onagraceae) has remained unresolved. According to the representatives of the so-called American school of taxonomy (W. Dietrich, P.H. Raven, W.L. Wagner) the former name is one of almost 70 synonyms of widely treated O. biennis (AB-II plastome-genome combination) while the latter is a synonym of O. parviflora (BC-IV arrangement). On the other hand, European researchers (K. Rostański, A. Soldano, V. Jehlík) tend to assign both names to one species, under the name O. royfraseri. In order to establish the taxonomic relation of the studied taxa, morphometric comparisons, based on qualitative and quantitative traits, were carried out. The studies included European specimens labelled as O. royfraseri and/or O. turoviensis (with the nomenclatural types of the two names) as well as representatives of the two other species, O. biennis and O. parviflora, which were taken as a background. The performed multivariate statistical analyses (correspondence analysis, principal component analysis, discriminant analysis followed by canonical discriminant analysis) provided strong evidence supporting the American’s hypothesis on separateness of the two species. As it was demonstrated, O. royfraseri and O. turoviensis differ mostly by the sepal tips arrangement, which is considered by American and European researchers as one of the most essential variables in taxa recognition within the group. The obtained results have also indicated that O. royfraseri is distinct from European representatives of O. biennis, which is partially concordant with Rostański’s opinion. The two last-mentioned species can be discriminated by red vs. green papillae, strigillose vs. glandular hair predominance, respectively, as well as by quantitative features of the flowers, which are significantly larger in O. biennis.

scholarly journals El complejo Dryopteris patula (Dryopteridaceae) en México: análisis morfométricos

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Victoria Hernández Hernández ◽  
Teresa Terrazas ◽  
Claudio Delgadillo Moya
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Taxonomic Treatment ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Discriminant Analyses ◽  
Frond Length ◽  
Scale Length

We studied collections from four species of the <em>Dryopteris patula</em> complex <em>(D. cinnamomea, D. patula, D. rosea, and D. rossii)</em> to identify the morphological characters that distinguish them from one another. <em>D. maxonii</em> and <em>D. wallichiana</em> were included as comparative species to evaluate characters that distinguish species within the complex. Quantitative characters were examined through principal component and canonical discriminant analyses, and both qualitative and quantitative characters were used to obtain phenograms. Multivariate analyses determined that basal pinna length, stipe scale length, number of pinna pairs, and frond length are the variables that discriminate among <em>D. rossii</em> and the other species of the complex. The phenogram showed two groups. One included <em>D. maxonii</em> and <em>D. wallichiana</em>, while the second grouped the four species of the complex. These species were distinguished by the shape and margin of their rhizome scales, color of stipe, and shape of the blade. A combination of morphological characters supports the recognition of the four species as valid. An identification key is given and a taxonomic treatment is presented for each of the taxa.

scholarly journals Skull morphometrics of adult male Antartic fur seal, Arctocephalus gazella, and South American fur seal A. australis

2005 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo A. Daneri ◽  
César M. García Esponda ◽  
Luciano J. M. De Santis ◽  
Laura Pla
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
South American ◽  
Arctocephalus Gazella ◽  
Multivariate Statistical Analyses ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Antarctic Fur Seal ◽  
Fur Seal

The skull morphometrics of adult male Antarctic fur seal, Arctocephalus gazella (Peters, 1875) and South American fur seal, A. australis (Zimmermann, 1783) were investigated using a collection of 45 and 38 skulls, respectively. Eighteen measurements were taken for each specimen. Comparative univariate and multivariate statistical analyses included standard statistics, one-way analysis of variance, principal component analysis and discriminant analysis. Individual variation was relatively high for some variables, as expressed by the coefficient of variation. Skulls of A. gazella were larger than those of A. australis for all but two variables: squamosal jugal suture and rostral length. Both species differed significantly as shown by both univariate and multivariate analyses. The discriminant function correctly classified all specimens. The standardized canonical coefficients showed that the variables which most contribute to the differentiation between species were, in decreasing order, the rostral length, palatal length, palatal width at postcanine 5 and braincase width. The present study corroborates that A. gazella and A. australis are phenotipically distinct species.

Wood anatomical variability in Early Permian ‘araucarioids’

IAWA Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menno Booi ◽  
Isabel M. van Waveren ◽  
Johanna H.A. van Konijnenburg-van Cittert
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Wood Species ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Late Paleozoic ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Early Permian ◽  
Multivariate Statistical Analyses ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Anatomical Analysis

Although araucarioid wood is poor in diagnostic characters, well in excess of 200 Late Paleozoic species have been described. This study presents a largescale anatomical analysis of this wood type based on the fossil wood collections from the Early Permian Mengkarang Formation of Sumatra, Indonesia. Principal Component Analysis visualisation, in conjunction with uni- and multivariate statistical analyses clearly show the wood from the Mengkarang Formation to be a contiguous micromorphological unit in which no individual species can be distinguished. Pycnoxylic wood species described previously from this collection or other collections from the Mengkarang Formation fall within the larger variability described here. Based on comparison with wood from modern-day Araucariaceae, the Early Permian specimens can be differentiated from extant (but unrelated) “araucarioids” by a few (continuous) characters.

scholarly journals Classification of Wines from Five Spanish Origin Denominations by Aromatic Compound Analysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 1916-1922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Sáenz ◽  
Trinidad Cedráenzn ◽  
Susana Cabredo
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Decanoic Acid ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Ethyl Hexanoate ◽  
La Mancha ◽  
Diethyl Succinate ◽  
Ethyl Octanoate

Abstract Wine is a complex matrix in which aroma compounds play an important role in the characterization of the flavor pattern of a given wine. Twelve volatile compounds were determined in 244 samples of Spanish red wines from different denominations of origin: Rioja, Navarra, Valdepeas, La Mancha, and Cariena. The samples were analyzed by GC using headspace solid-phase microextraction. The concentration (mg/mL) intervals obtained were 3-methyl-butyl acetate (3.9 to 116), 3-methyl-1-butanol (93 to 724), ethyl hexanoate (0.8 to 39), 1-hexanol (0.3 to 6.7), ethyl octanoate (1.4 to 41), diethyl succinate (0.2 to 13), 2-phenyl ethyl acetate (0 to 5.3), hexanoic acid (0 to 8.3), geraniol (0 to 3.0), 2-phenylethanol (1.5 to 56), octanoic acid (0 to 20), and decanoic acid (0 to 3.3). Wines were classified by multivariate statistical methods: principal component analysis, and lineal discriminant analysis. A correct differentiation among wines according to their origin was obtained by lineal discriminant analysis.

scholarly journals Water quality assessment and geochemical processes in the unconfined coastal Boa Viagem Aquifer, Recife, NE Brazil

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-77
Author(s):  
Thyego Silva ◽  
Mariucha Lima ◽  
Teresa Leitão ◽  
Tiago Martins ◽  
Mateus Albuquerque
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Multivariate Statistical Analyses ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

A hydrochemical study was conducted on the Quaternary Aquifer, in Recife, Brazil. Groundwater samples were collected in March–April 2015, at the beginning of the rainy season. Conventional graphics, ionic ratios, saturation indices, GIS mapping, and geostatistical and multivariate statistical analyses were used to water quality assessment and to characterize the main hydrochemical processes controlling groundwater’s chemistry. Q-mode hierarchical cluster analysis separated the samples into three clusters and five sub-clusters according to their hydrochemical similarities and facies. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was employed to the studied groundwater samples where a three-factor model explains 80% of the total variation within the dataset. The PCA results revealed the influence of seawater intrusion, water-rock interaction, and nitrate contamination. The physico-chemical parameters of ~30% groundwaters exceed the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for drinking water quality. Nitrate was found at a concentration >10 mg NO3−/L in ~21% of the wells and exceeded WHO reference values in one. The integrated approach indicates the occurrence of the main major hydrogeochemical processes occurring in the shallow marine to alluvial aquifer as follow: 1) progressive freshening of remaining paleo-seawater accompanying cation exchange on fine sediments, 2) water-rock interaction (i.e., dissolution of silicates), and 3) point and diffuse wastewater contamination, and sulfate dissolution. This study successfully highlights the use of classical geochemical methods, GIS techniques, and multivariate statistical analyses (hierarchical cluster and principal component analyses) as complementary tools to understand hydrogeochemical processes and their influence on groundwater quality status to management actions, which could be used in similar alluvial coastal aquifers.

Taxonomic revision of the Colombian Tityus (Archaeotityus) (Scorpiones, Buthidae) species: a morphological and morphometric approach, with a description of a new species

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4660 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-94
Author(s):  
JAIRO A. MORENO-GONZÁLEZ ◽  
RANULFO GONZÁLEZ O. ◽  
EDUARDO FLÓREZ D.
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
New Records ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
A New Species

We present a taxonomic revision of the Colombian Tityus (Archaeotityus) species based on morphological and morphometric evidence. We examined more than 385 specimens and evaluated new and previously used qualitative and quantitative morphological characters. We redescribe the Colombian species and present morphological characters for both sexes and an emended diagnosis for the subgenus Tityus (Archaeotityus). We describe a new species Tityus guane sp. nov. from Santander department, Colombia, Tityus betschi Lourenço 1992 is synonymized with Tityus parvulus Kraepelin, 1914, and Tityus wayuu Rojas-Runjaic & Armas, 2007 is synonymized with Tityus tayrona Lourenço, 1991. We measured 186 specimens and performed a multivariate principal component analysis (PCA) for 34 selected morphometric ratios for each sex. We found that a few morphological ratios support species level distinctions within the Colombian species. We provide updated distributional maps with new records and an identification key for both sexes. Furthermore, we provide an updated checklist for the subgenus and a discussion about the character systems used within Tityus (Archaeotityus). The new morphological characters proposed and the traditional morphometry examined with a PCA are useful for studying Tityus (Archaeotityus) taxonomy.

scholarly journals simplePHENOTYPES: SIMulation of pleiotropic, linked and epistatic phenotypes

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel B. Fernandes ◽  
Alexander E. Lipka
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Genetics ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Multivariate Statistical Analyses ◽  
Multiple Traits ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Marker Data ◽  
Data Formats ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Genomic Regions

Abstract Background Advances in genotyping and phenotyping techniques have enabled the acquisition of a great amount of data. Consequently, there is an interest in multivariate statistical analyses that identify genomic regions likely to contain causal mutations affecting multiple traits (i.e., pleiotropy). As the demand for multivariate analyses increases, it is imperative that optimal tools are available to assess their performance. To facilitate the testing and validation of these multivariate approaches, we developed simplePHENOTYPES, an R/CRAN package that simulates pleiotropy, partial pleiotropy, and spurious pleiotropy in a wide range of genetic architectures, including additive, dominance and epistatic models. Results We illustrate simplePHENOTYPES’ ability to simulate thousands of phenotypes in less than one minute. We then provide two vignettes illustrating how to simulate sets of correlated traits in simplePHENOTYPES. Finally, we demonstrate the use of results from simplePHENOTYPES in a standard GWAS software, as well as the equivalence of simulated phenotypes from simplePHENOTYPES and other packages with similar capabilities. Conclusions simplePHENOTYPES is a R/CRAN package that makes it possible to simulate multiple traits controlled by loci with varying degrees of pleiotropy. Its ability to interface with both commonly-used marker data formats and downstream quantitative genetics software and packages should facilitate a rigorous assessment of both existing and emerging statistical GWAS and GS approaches. simplePHENOTYPES is also available at https://github.com/samuelbfernandes/simplePHENOTYPES.

Bionanomaterials: Synthesis, Physico-Chemical and Multivariate Analyses of the Dicotyledonatae and Pinatae Essential Oil/ beta - cyclodextrin Nanoparticles

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Corina Costescu ◽  
Nicoleta Gabriela Hadaruga ◽  
Daniel Ioan Hadaruga ◽  
Adrian Rivis ◽  
Aurel Ardelean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Solution Method ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Volatile Oils ◽  
Cyclodextrin Complexes ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Physico Chemical

The paper presents a multivariate analysis (PCA-principal component analysis) of the essential oils from Dicotyledonatae and Pinatae classes encapsulated in b-cyclodextrin. The essential oil/b--cyclodextrin complexes were obtained by solution method. Uncomplexed volatile oils and complexes with b--cyclodextrin were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and thermogravimetry (TG), respectively. In order to evaluate the composition of the encapsulated oil, this was extracted from the complex and analyzed by GC-MS. For the GC data of the uncomplexed essential oils and the complexed ones, a powerful multivariate statistical procedure (PCA) was applied. Samples were very good classified in botanical classes or in uncomplexed and complexed ones using the GC data of the monoterpene compounds.

Morphometrics and paleoecology of Catenipora (Tabulata) from the Xiazhen Formation (Upper Ordovician), Zhuzhai, South China

2016 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 1027-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Liang ◽  
Robert J. Elias ◽  
Suk-Joo Choh ◽  
Dong-Chan Lee ◽  
Dong-Jin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Geometric Morphometrics ◽  
South China ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Heterogeneous Environments ◽  
Upper Ordovician ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractCatenipora is one of the most common tabulate coral genera occurring in various lithofacies in the Upper Ordovician Xiazhen Formation at Zhuzhai in South China. A combination of traditional multivariate analysis and geometric morphometrics is applied to a large number of specimens to distinguish and identify species. Based on three major principal components extracted from 11 morphological characters, three major groups as determined by the cluster-analysis dendrogram are considered to be morphospecies. Their validity and distinctiveness are confirmed by discriminant analysis, descriptive statistics, and bivariate plots. Tabularium area and common wall thickness are the most meaningful characters to distinguish the three morphospecies. Geometric morphometrics is adopted to compare the morphospecies with types and/or figured specimens of species previously reported from the vicinity of Zhuzhai. Despite discrepancies in corallite size, principal component analysis and discriminant analysis, as well as consideration of overall morphological characteristics, indicate that the morphospecies represent C. zhejiangensis Yu in Yu et al., 1963, C. shiyangensis Lin and Chow, 1977, and C. dianbiancunensis Lin and Chow, 1977.Catenipora occurs in seven stratigraphic intervals in the Xiazhen Formation at Zhuzhai, representing a variety of heterogeneous environments. The coralla preservation is variable due to differential compaction; coralla preserved in limestones are commonly intact and in growth position, whereas those in shales are mostly crushed or fragmentary. The size and shape of corallites are considered primarily to be species-specific characters, but are also related to the depositional environments. In all species, morphological characters, including corallite size, septal development, and shape and size of lacunae, show high variability in accordance with lithofacies and stratigraphic position. The intraspecific differences in corallite size at various localities in the Zhuzhai area may indicate responses to local environmental factors, but may also reflect genetic differences if there was limited connection among populations.

Raman Spectroscopic Discrimination of Cell Response to Chemical and Physical Inactivation

2007 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 812-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Fernanda Escoriza ◽  
Jeanne M. Van Briesen ◽  
Shona Stewart ◽  
John Maier
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Species Differentiation ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Classification Rate ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Spectral Bands ◽  
Viable Cells ◽  
Standard Plate

Raman spectroscopy was applied to study Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis cells that were inactivated by different chemicals and stress conditions including starvation and high temperature. E. coli cells exposed to starvation conditions over several days lost viability at the same rate that spectral bands assigned to DNA and RNA bases decreased in intensity. Band intensities correlate with standard plate counts with R2 = 0.99 and R2 = 0.97, respectively. Principal components analysis and discriminant analysis multivariate statistical techniques were used to evaluate the spectral data collected. Significant changes were observed in the spectra of treated cells in comparison with their respective controls (samples without treatment). As a result, there was a significant differentiation between viable and non-viable cells (treated and non-treated cells) in the first and second principal component plots for all the treatments. Discriminant analysis was used along with PCA to estimate a classification rate based on viability status of the cells. Non-viable cells were differentiated from viable cells with classification rates that ranged between 60 and 90% for specific treatments (i.e., EDTA-treated cells versus control cells). The classification rate obtained considering all the treatments (non-viable cells) and controls (viable cells) at the same time for each of the species studied was 86%. The classification rate based on species differentiation when all the spectra (viable and non-viable) were used was 87%. These results suggest that Raman spectroscopy is a powerful tool that can be used to evaluate viability and to study metabolic changes in microorganisms. It is a robust method for bacterial identification even when high spectral variations are introduced.

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