Deflating Miconia (Melastomataceae) from Eastern Brazil, with 31 new synonyms and other nomenclatural issues

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 468 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-295
Author(s):  
MAYARA K. CADDAH ◽  
ANA FLÁVIA AUGUSTIN ◽  
RENATO GOLDENBERG
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
South American ◽  
Campos Rupestres ◽  
South American Species ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
The Family ◽  
Fine Tune

We propose 31 synonyms for nine South American species of Miconia (Melastomataceae), mostly from the Atlantic Forest in Brazil (with one species in “campos rupestres” and another from the Atlantic Forest in Paraguay); all belong to the ‘Miconia discolor clade’. Of these synonyms, 19 are species and 12 are varieties or subspecies, all of them described by the end of the XIX or early XX centuries, and most of them known in herbaria mostly from isotypes or syntypes (except for Miconia cabucu, M. chartacea and M. saldanhae). Miconia flammea var. major is synonymized under M. brunnea; Miconia amambayensis and M. oblongifolia under M. buddlejoides; Miconia augusti, M. divaricata, M. fasciculata subsp. catharinensis, M. fasciculata var. robusta, M. fluminensis, M. gilva, M. rabenii, M. saldanhae, M. saldanhae var. grandifolia and M. saldanhae var. subsessilifolia under M. fasciculata; Miconia chartacea, M. chartacea var. angustifolia, M. chartacea var. brevifolia, M. chartacea var. longifolia and M. chartacea var. miqueliana sob M. flammea; Miconia altissima, M. cabucu, M. formosa var. angustifolia, M. gigantea, M. mourae, and M. ovalifolia under M. formosa; Miconia ovata under M. organensis; Miconia maximowicziana and M. maximowicziana var. major under M. sclerophylla; Miconia eichleri, M. eichleri var. australis, and M. pseudoeichleri under M. valtheri; and Miconia argyraea under M. willdenowii. We also designate lectotypes for all names but M. fasciculata subsp. catharinensis, M. maximowicziana and M. ovata, which already have holotypes designated by the respective authors. We corrected the spelling of M. buddlejoides (previously known as M. budlejoides), M. saldanhae (formerly M. saldanhaei) and M. mourae (formerly M. mouraei). In the present century, 14 species of Miconia s.s. have been described for the Atlantic Forest, and another 43 species, subspecies and varieties have been synonymized (including the ones performed here). This means that a significant inflation of names has been corrected, since the genus has been deflated by 29 taxa. The synonyms proposed here will help students of the family and other researchers employ the correct names in biological studies, which in turn will help to fine tune biodiversity studies and conservation efforts.

Three new species of Encholirium (Bromeliaceae) from eastern Brazil

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 227 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafaela Campostrini Forzza ◽  
Elton Leme
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
South American ◽  
Campos Rupestres ◽  
Espinhaço Range ◽  
The Third ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
Center Of Diversity ◽  
Three New Species

Encholirium is an exclusively Brazilian genus of Bromeliaceae that occurs principally in the South American dry diagonal, with only a few species found on inselbergs within the Atlantic Forest. The center of diversity of the genus falls within the Campos Rupestres of the Espinhaço Range of the state of Minas Gerais, followed by rocky outcrops found within the Caatinga and Cerrado biomes. Three new species are described and illustrated, two of which occur on limestone outcrops in western Bahia (Encholirum splendidum and Encholirium fragae), while the third, Encholirium kranzianum, occurs in the Campos Rupestres of the Espinhaço Range of Minas Gerais.

The confused taxonomy of Pseudolaelia irwiniana (Orchidaceae) with two new synonyms

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 482 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-299
Author(s):  
CASSIO VAN DEN BERG ◽  
LUIZ MENINI NETO
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Campos Rupestres ◽  
Espírito Santo ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
Endemic Genera ◽  
Rocky Outcrops ◽  
Phylogenetic Affinities ◽  
Espirito Santo

Pseudolaelia Campos Porto & Brade (1935: 209) is a small orchid genus in subtribe Laeliinae. Its phylogenetic affinities place it near several small, endemic genera which constitute an isolated lineage in eastern Brazil, together with Adamantinia Van den Berg & Gonçalves (2004: 231), Constantia Barbosa Rodrigues (1877: 78), Isabelia Barbosa Rodrigues (1877: 75) and Leptotes Lindley (1833: t. 1625). All these genera have comparatively fewer species within the subtribe, and the main centre of distribution are the Brazilian Campos Rupestres, and other granitic rocky outcrops in the Brazilian States of Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro and Bahia. Also, several species in Pseudolaelia, Constantia and Leptotes are epiphytes on Vellozia sp., considered a very specialized type of epiphytism (van den Berg et al. 2006, Porembsky 2008).

The American Proteaceae

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghillean T. Prance ◽  
Vanessa Plana
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Central American ◽  
General Distribution ◽  
South American ◽  
Land Bridge ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
The Family ◽  
Single Genus ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data

The American Proteaceae are outliers from the main centres of diversity of the family in Australia and South Africa. There are about 83 species in eight genera which all belong to the monophyletic subfamily Grevilleoideae. Three genera, Embothrium, Oreocallis and Lomatia, are placed in the tribe Embothrieae (sensu Johnson and Briggs), four Euplassa, Gevuina, Panopsis and Roupala in the Macadamieae and the single genus Orites in the Oriteae. There are five genera endemic to America and three also have species in Australia and New Guinea (Gevuina, Lomatia and Orites). The Proteaceae appear to have arrived in South America via two routes. The larger genera Euplassa, Panopsis and Roupala, which are all endemic to America and have a general distribution in northern South America and south-eastern Brazil, are derived from Gondwanaland before it separated from South America. The remaining genera are distributed either in temperate South America or in the high Andes and appear to have arrived more recently via the Australia–Antarctica–South American connection. Three of these genera have species in both regions. The centres of species diversity of Euplassa, Panopsis and Roupala fall outside hypothesised forest refugia, indicating that they are not true rainforest species but species of seasonal habitats like those achieved at higher altitudes where they are commonly found. Two genera,Panopsis and Roupala, have reached Central America after the central American land bridge was formed six million years ago. The exact relationship to genera on other continents is still unclear and there is a need for a cladistic biogeographic analysis of the group based on both morphological and molecular data.

Hemipenial morphology of nine South American species of Mabuya (Scincidae: Lygosominae) with comments on the morphology of the family

2019 ◽  
Vol 303 (11) ◽  
pp. 2917-2930
Author(s):  
Paola María Sánchez‐Martínez ◽  
Martha Patricia Ramírez‐Pinilla ◽  
Elson Meneses‐Pelayo ◽  
Pedro M. Sales Nunes
Keyword(s):  
South American ◽  
South American Species ◽  
The Family

The Homoptera types described by John Scott in the family Delphacidae (Hemiptera)

1986 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R. Wilson ◽  
M.D. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Type Material ◽  
South American ◽  
South American Species ◽  
The Family

AbstractThe work of the British hemipterist John Scott (1823 - 1888) is outlined with particular reference to the Delphacidae (Homoptera). Details of his collection in the BMNH and Bolton Museum are given and the type material of 20 European and one South American species of Delphacidae, described by Scott, is documented. The following new synonymies are established: Scottianella Anufriev (= Lamprvdelphax Fennah), Florodelphax leplosoma (Flor) (=Liburnia guararnanensis Scott), Flastena jumipennis (Fieber) ( = Libumia lelhierryi Scott) and Toya propinqua (Fieber) (= Liburnia marshalli Scott). Ten lectotypes are designated.

The genus Menegazzia (Lecanorales: Parmeliaceae) in Tasmania revisited

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gintaras KANTVILAS
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
South American ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Species Relationships ◽  
Major Area ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Macquarie Island ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
First Time

AbstractWith 30 species, Tasmania is a major area of species diversity in the genus Menegazzia. Seven of these are new to science: M. abscondita Kantvilas, known from Tasmania and New Zealand, and M. athrotaxidis Kantvilas, M. hypogymnioides Kantvilas, M. petraea Kantvilas, M. ramulicola Kantvilas, M. subtestacea Kantvilas and M. tarkinea Kantvilas, all endemic to Tasmania. An identification key, descriptions based exclusively on Tasmanian collections, and detailed discussion of distribution, ecology, chemical composition and inter-species relationships are provided. All literature records of Menegazzia species pertaining to Tasmania are accounted for. New synonyms include: Menegazzia prototypica P. James and Parmelia pertusa var. coskinodes F. Wilson [synonyms of M. myriotrema (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant.], M. fertilis P. James [a synonym of M. platytrema (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant.] and Parmelia pertusa var. montana F. Wilson (a synonym of M. subtestacea). Incorrectly recorded species that should be deleted from the Tasmanian census include M. castanea P. James & D. J. Galloway (present on Macquarie Island) and M. testacea P. James & D. J. Galloway (endemic to New Zealand). The South American species, M. sanguinascens (Räs.) R. Sant., is recorded in Australasia (Tasmania) for the first time, whereas the widespread south-eastern Australian M. norstictica P. James is recorded for Western Australia. Salient features of the genus are discussed, including morphology, anatomy and chemistry. The biogeography of the genus is explored briefly. Twelve species (40%) are endemic to Tasmania, a level of endemism unmatched by any other species-rich genus on the island. Twelve species are shared with mainland Australia, eleven are shared with New Zealand, and only four species are shared with southern South America, all of which are sorediate, suggesting they are products of long-distance dispersal.

scholarly journals Pollen morphology of Nothofagus (Nothofagaceae, Fagales) and its phylogenetic significance

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damián Andrés Fernández ◽  
Patricio Emmanuel Santamarina ◽  
María Cristina Tellería ◽  
Luis Palazzesi ◽  
Viviana Dora Barreda
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Polar View ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
South American ◽  
Optical Section ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Pollen Type ◽  
Fossil Species ◽  
The Family

Abstract Nothofagaceae (southern beeches) are a relatively small flowering plant family of trees confined to the Southern Hemisphere. The fossil record of the family is abundant and it has been widely used as a test case for the classic hypothesis that Antarctica, Patagonia, Australia and New Zealand were once joined together. Although the phylogenetic relationships in Nothofagus appear to be well supported, the evolution of some pollen morphological traits remains elusive, largely because of the lack of ultrastructural analyses. Here we describe the pollen morphology of all extant South American species of Nothofagus, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and light microscopy (LM), and reconstruct ancestral character states using a well-supported phylogenetic tree of the family. Our results indicate that the main differences between pollen of subgenera Fuscospora (pollen type fusca a) and Nothofagus (pollen type fusca b) are related to the size of microspines (distinguishable or not in optical section), and the thickening of colpi margins (thickened inwards, or thickened both inwards and outwards). In particular, Nothofagus alessandrii, the only extant South American species of subgenus Fuscospora, presents distinctive pollen features that have not been observed in any other species of the genus (i.e. a large granular infratectum and spongy apertural endexine). Species of subgenus Lophozonia are characterized by having the largest pollen grains, with polygonal outline in polar view, microspines distinguishable in optical section, long and non-thickened colpi, and a thin endexine. The reconstruction of character states for the node corresponding to the common ancestor to genus Nothofagus leads us to conclude that the ancestral form of Nothofagaceae should have had: equatorial diameter < 40 μm, circular outline in polar view, microspines distinguishable in optical section, short colpi thickened inwards, and a thin endexine. These features are fully consistent with those present in Nothofagidites senectus Dettmann & Playford, the oldest fossil species of Nothofagaceae recorded in Campanian-Maastrichtian sediments of Gondwana.

A review of the clam shrimp family Leptestheriidae (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Spinicaudata) from Venezuela, with descriptions of two new species

Zootaxa ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 208 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSE VICENTE GARCIA ◽  
GUIDO PEREIRA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South American ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Clam Shrimp ◽  
The Family ◽  
Two New Species

The clam shrimps of the family Leptestheriidae from Venezuela are reviewed. Leptestheria venezuelica Daday, 1923, and two new species (L. cristata n. sp. and L. brevispina n. sp.) are presented. A redescription of L. venezuelica, descriptions of the new species, and comparisons with other South American species are included. A checklist of world Leptestheriiidae is included.

A new species and a new record of the spider genus Nesticus (Araneae, Nesticidae) from southern Brazil

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4231 (4) ◽  
pp. 564
Author(s):  
NARELLE ESTOL ◽  
EVERTON NEI LOPES RODRIGUES
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Record ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
The State ◽  
South American ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
South American Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
A New Species

The spider family Nesticidae includes 233 species in 13 genera and is distributed almost worldwide (World Spider Catalog, 2016). However, the family is still poorly known in the Neotropical Region. The genus Nesticus Thorell, 1869 comprises 132 species and seven subspecies and was described based on N. cellulanus (Clerck, 1757), from Europe (World Spider Catalog, 2016). Meridional South American species of Nesticus were revised by Ott & Lise (2002). More recently, Faleiro & Santos (2011) described a new species from the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil and Torres et al. (2016) a new species from the province of Salta, Argentina. Nowadays, Nesticus is represented by six species in Brazil: Nesticus brasiliensis Brignoli, 1979; Nesticus brignolii Ott & Lise, 2002; Nesticus calilegua Ott & Lise, 2002; Nesticus ivone Faleiro & Santos, 2011; Nesticus potreiro Ott & Lise, 2002 and Nesticus taim Ott & Lise, 2002 (World Spider Catalog 2016). 

scholarly journals A review of some south american species of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) described by Mello-Leitão from Brasil, with resolution of the genus Asaphobelis

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. Edwards ◽  
Isabela M. P. Rinaldi ◽  
Gustavo R. S. Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
South American ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Jumping Spiders ◽  
New Synonyms

The types of 18 species of Salticidae described by Mello-Leitão from Brasil were re-examined and redescribed if necessary. The following nomenclatorial changes are made: New Synonyms: Akela quinquevittata Mello-Leitão 1947 = Ilargus coccineus Simon 1901; Asaphobelis pluripunctatus Mello-Leitão 1947 = Asaphobelis physonychus Simon 1902; Asaracus elegantulus Mello-Leitão 1947 = Chira thysbe Simon 1902; Breda nigrotaeniata Mello-Leitão 1947 = Breda flavostriata Simon 1901; Phiale duplocellata Mello-Leitão 1947 = Phiale tristis Mello-Leitão 1945. New Combinations: Akela longibarba Mello-Leitão 1943 = Phiale longibarba (Mello-Leitão 1943); Marpissa broadwayi Peckham & Peckham 1892 (= Naubolus aureocomosus Mello-Leitão 1943) = Platycryptus broadwayi (Peckham & Peckham 1892); Saitis labyrintheus Mello-Leitão 1947 = Mopiopia labyrinthea (Mello-Leitão 1947) [lectotype and paralectotype designated]; Saitis tristis Mello-Leitão 1947 = Mopiopia tristis (Mello-Leitão 1947); Semora albibarbis Mello-Leitão 1947 = Tariona albibarbis (Mello-Leitão 1947); Asaphobelis fasciiventris Simon 1902 = Coryphasia fasciiventris (Simon 1902). Asaphobelis physonychus Simon 1902 now is the only species in the genus. Other species redescribed are: Coryphasia castaneipedis Mello-Leitão 1947; Coryphasia nigriventris Mello-Leitão 1947; Cotinusa leucoprocta (Mello-Leitão 1947); Naubolus trifasciatus Mello-Leitão 1927; Phiale bipunctata Mello-Leitão 1947; Pseudofluda pulcherrima Mello-Leitão 1928; Semora langei Mello-Leitão 1947; and Titanattus pallidus Mello-Leitão 1943.

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