The anatomical, palynological and micromorphological aspects of three endemic Bellevalia species (Asparagaceae) in Turkey and their taxonomic importance

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 512 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
OSMAN TUGAY ◽  
HÜSEYİN DURAL ◽  
BURCU YILMAZ ÇITAK ◽  
KUDDİSİ ERTUĞRUL ◽  
METİN ARMAĞAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Root Cortex ◽  
Anatomical Studies ◽  
Pollen Surface ◽  
Taxonomic Importance ◽  
Exine Sculpturing ◽  
General Similarity ◽  
Root Cortex Cells ◽  
Surface Ornamentation

In the present research, anatomical, palynological and micromorphological characteristics of three endemic Bellevalia species (B. gracilis, B. malatyaensis and B. vuralii) for Turkey are carried out. This work reveals the descriptive characteristics of the examined species, and contribute to solving taxonomic problems. Anatomical studies were carried out on cross sections of root, scape and leaf. The metaxylem, the number of root cortex cells, and the number of cortex and sclerenchyma cells in the scape were found to be significant in terms of taxonomy. Pollen grains of all the examined species were monosulcate and heteropolar. In addition, seed and pollen surface ornamentation were photographed under SEM microscopy, which SEM micrographs showed that the exine sculpturing pattern is reticulate-perforate, and pollen muri walls of were different among the examined species. Conversely, seeds showed a general similarity of the surface among the studied species, all showing a reticulate faveolate ornamentation.

Comparative morphological, anatomical, micromorphological, and palynological studies on the genera Opopanax and Crenosciadium (Apiaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 372 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
ÖZLEM ÇETIN ◽  
MUSTAFA ÇELIK
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
Western Asia ◽  
The Family ◽  
Surface Ornamentation ◽  
Fruit Surface

In the present study, morphological, micromorphological, palynological and anatomical characteristics of the genera Opopanax and Crenosciadium are reviewed and compared. The genus Opopanax is distributed in southern Europe, the Mediterranean region and Western Asia, and it is represented by three species in Turkey. Crenosciadium is a poorly known monotypic genus from Turkey, recently treated as synonym in Opopanax. Expanded descriptions, phenology, geographic distributions, and images of habitus of Opopanax and Crenosciadium are given. The differences between the two genera are discussed. The pollen morphology of Opopanax and Crenosciadium is studied by SEM and LM. The palynological results confirmed the stenopalynous characteristic of the family Apiaceae, and revealed that the pollen grains of both genera are perprolate in shape. Also fruit surface ornamentation of both genera is typically striate, and epidermal cells are polygonal or elongated in one direction. Cross-sections of mature fruits are examined and a detailed anatomical description is presented. Mericarp shape and width are very useful characters for discrimination between Opopanax and Crenosciadium; mericarp ribs are also very significant characteristics to discriminate both genera. Our findings, together with previous molecular data, clearly indicate that Crenosciadium differs considerably from Opopanax, and therefore it should be accepted at genus rank.

scholarly journals Classification of grass pollen through the quantitative analysis of surface ornamentation and texture

2013 ◽  
Vol 280 (1770) ◽  
pp. 20131905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Mander ◽  
Mao Li ◽  
Washington Mio ◽  
Charless C. Fowlkes ◽  
Surangi W. Punyasena
Keyword(s):  
Grass Pollen ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Unsupervised Classification ◽  
Taxonomic Resolution ◽  
Image Patches ◽  
Pollen Surface ◽  
Direct Interpretation ◽  
Surface Ornamentation

Taxonomic identification of pollen and spores uses inherently qualitative descriptions of morphology. Consequently, identifications are restricted to categories that can be reliably classified by multiple analysts, resulting in the coarse taxonomic resolution of the pollen and spore record. Grass pollen represents an archetypal example; it is not routinely identified below family level. To address this issue, we developed quantitative morphometric methods to characterize surface ornamentation and classify grass pollen grains. This produces a means of quantifying morphological features that are traditionally described qualitatively. We used scanning electron microscopy to image 240 specimens of pollen from 12 species within the grass family (Poaceae). We classified these species by developing algorithmic features that quantify the size and density of sculptural elements on the pollen surface, and measure the complexity of the ornamentation they form. These features yielded a classification accuracy of 77.5%. In comparison, a texture descriptor based on modelling the statistical distribution of brightness values in image patches yielded a classification accuracy of 85.8%, and seven human subjects achieved accuracies between 68.33 and 81.67%. The algorithmic features we developed directly relate to biologically meaningful features of grass pollen morphology, and could facilitate direct interpretation of unsupervised classification results from fossil material.

scholarly journals Al3+ and Ca2+ Alteration of Membrane Permeability of Quercus rubra Root Cortex Cells

1987 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Jun Zhao ◽  
Edward Sucoff ◽  
Eduard J. Stadelmann
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Permeability ◽  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Root Cortex ◽  
Root Cortex Cells

scholarly journals Embriología de Pachycereus militaris (Audot) Hunt (Cactaceae)

2017 ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Citlali Núñez-Mariel ◽  
E. Mark Engleman ◽  
Judith Márquez-Guzmán
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Anther Wall ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Taxonomic Importance ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Functional Megaspore

This is a contribution to the embryology of cacti and to the definition of their reproductory structures. The development of anthers, ovules and seeds of Pachycereus militaris is described. The type of development of the anther wall is monocotyledonous. This may have taxonomic importance above the family level. The endothecium is formed by a single stratum and the pollen grains are tricolpate, spinulate and punctitegilate. A lineal triad of megaspores was observed. The functional megaspore is the chalazal one. It is proposed that the term campylotropous should be uti lized for describing the ovule type, while the term circinotropous should be reserved for the funicle. In contrast to the stated by other authors, this study suggests that the seeds of Pachycereus militaris should be considered as non-albuminous and non-perispermous.

scholarly journals Variations in leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and membrane potential of Medicago sativa root cortex cells exposed to increased salinity: The role of the antioxidant potential in salt tolerance

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Farissi ◽  
Mohammed Mouradi ◽  
Omar Farssi ◽  
Abdelaziz Bouizgaren ◽  
Cherki Ghoulam
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Root Cortex ◽  
Root Cortex Cells

Salinity is one of the most serious agricultural problems that adversely affects growth and productivity of pasture crops such as alfalfa. In this study, the effects of salinity on some ecophysiological and biochemical criteria associated with salt tolerance were assessed in two Moroccan alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) populations, Taf 1 and Tata. The experiment was conducted in a hydro-aeroponic system containing nutrient solutions, with the addition of NaCl at concentrations of 100 and 200 mM. The salt stress was applied for a month. Several traits in relation to salt tolerance, such as plant dry biomass, relative water content, leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, nutrient uptake, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes, were analyzed at the end of the experiment. The membrane potential was measured in root cortex cells of plants grown with or without NaCl treatment during a week. The results indicated that under salt stress, plant growth and all of the studied physiological and biochemical traits were significantly decreased, except for malondialdehyde and H2O2 contents, which were found to be increased under salt stress. Depolarization of membrane root cortex cells with the increase in external NaCl concentration was noted, irrespective of the growth conditions. The Tata population was more tolerant to high salinity (200 mM NaCl) and its tolerance was associated with the ability of plants to maintain adequate levels of the studied parameters and their ability to overcome oxidative stress by the induction of antioxidant enzymes, such as guaiacol peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase.

Einfluß von Tetraphenylborat auf die Feinstruktur von Zellen der Maiswurzelspitze / Influence of Tetraphenylboron on Fine Structure of Cells of Corn Root Tips

1970 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 1477-1479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Hecht-Buchholz ◽  
Horst Marschner
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Membrane Structure ◽  
Endoplasmatic Reticulum ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Root Cortex ◽  
Double Membrane ◽  
Corn Root ◽  
Ca 50 ◽  
Root Cortex Cells

Treatment (1-3h) of corn root tips with 5 × 10-5ᴍ tetraphenylboron (TPB) caused characteristic changes of the membrane structure in the outer layers of the root cortex cells. The mitochondria had lost their inner structure. At the double membrane of the mitochondria and at the membrane plasmalemma, tonoplast, and endoplasmatic reticulum there appeared numerous osmiophilic globuli (ca. 50 nm). The permeability of the membranes seemed to be increased extremely. It is suggested that the lipoproteine complex of the membranes was destroyed by interaction of TPB with ammonium groups of the membrane constituents

scholarly journals SERS activity of hybrid nano/microstructures Ag-Fe3O4 based on Dimorphotheca ecklonis pollen grains as bio-template

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Ávila-Avilés ◽  
N. Torres-Gómez ◽  
M. A. Camacho-López ◽  
A. R. Vilchis-Nestor
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Chemical Composition Distribution ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Pollen Surface ◽  
Surface Enhanced Raman ◽  
Enhanced Raman Scattering ◽  
Co Precipitation

Abstract Nature provides remarkable examples of mass-produced microscale particles with structures and chemistries optimized by evolution for particular functions. Synthetic chemical tailoring of such sustainable biogenic particles may be used to generate new multifunctional materials. Herein, we report a facile method for the synthesis of hybrid nano/microstructures Ag-Fe3O4 based on Dimorphotheca ecklonis pollen grains as bio-template. Silver nanoparticles was biosynthesized using pollen grains as a reduction and stabilization agent as well as a bio-template promoting the adhesion of silver nanoparticles to pollen surface. Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized by co-precipitation method from FeSO4. Hybrid nano/microstructures Ag-Fe3O4 based on Dimorphotheca ecklonis pollen grains as bio-template were obtained and characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy to study the morphology and structure; Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy to determine the chemical composition distribution; and Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy to demonstrate the fluorescence properties of hybrid nano-microstructures. Furthermore, these hybrid nano-microstructures have been studied by Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS), using methylene blue as a target molecule; the hybrid nano-microstructures have shown 14 times signal amplification.

Phenols and lignin are involved in the defence response of banana (Musa) plants to Radopholus similis infection

Nematology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 565-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suganthagunthalam Dhakshinamoorthy ◽  
Kahpui Mariama ◽  
Annemie Elsen ◽  
Dirk De Waele
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Defence Response ◽  
Nematode Infection ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Radopholus Similis ◽  
Phenol Content ◽  
Root Cortex ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Burrowing Nematode

The role of lignin and phenols in plant defence ranges from preformed characteristic to inducible physical and chemical response against nematode infection. Our study shows the involvement of lignin and phenols in the defence of two newly identified resistant banana (Musa) genotypes to burrowing nematode Radopholus similis infection. Results were compared with reference resistant and susceptible banana cultivars. Histochemical analysis of root cross sections showed a more extensive secondary cell wall lignification of vascular bundles in R. similis-infected plants than in the nematode non-infected plants. Increased extensive lignification was not associated with the cortex cells that are directly attacked by the nematode. This showed that the increased lignification is a general defence response to protect the vascular bundle from damage rather than resisting the nematode development and reproduction at the root cortex. Histochemical localisation showed no preformed phenolic cells in the cortex of the non-infected, R. similis-resistant and -susceptible Musa genotypes. By contrast, phenolic substances were the major constituents of the nematode-infected necrotic cells. Phenols and lignin contents were also quantitatively assayed. The Folin-Ciocalteu assay confirmed the increase in phenol content of nematode-infected root cells. Phenol content in nematode-infected plants was twice the amount of phenol content in nematode non-infected plants at 3 weeks after infection. This is possibly due to the biosynthesis or accumulation of secondary metabolites such as phenolic phytoalexins in the nematode infection sites of all the banana genotypes. This study clearly demonstrates that phenols and lignin play an important role in the defence mechanisms of Musa to R. similis infection.

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