Molecular studies of Iranian populations support the morphology-based taxonomic separation of Medicago rigidula and M. rigiduloides

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 518 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-299
Author(s):  
MITRA BAYAT ◽  
MOSTAFA ASSADI ◽  
ERNEST SMALL ◽  
IRAJ MEHREGAN
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Clustering Methods ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Medicago Rigidula ◽  
Northwestern Iran ◽  
Iranian Populations ◽  
Comprehensive Study

A comprehensive study was undertaken to understand the genetic status and help to clarify the division of Medicago rigidula (largely European) and Medicago rigiduloides (largely Asian). Genetic diversity parameters collectively suggested a low genetic diversity (avg. Ho, 0.073; He, 0.374) accompanied by high population differentiation (avg. F, 0.832; Gst, 0.362).  Structure analysis divided 71 individuals (14 Iranian populations) into two highly distinct genetic groups (K=2) with significant genetic homogeneity. It also indicated the strong effect of the selfing mating-system as the main reason for the genetic diversity status and population structure. The population grouping was strongly confirmed by various clustering methods. Populations from north and northwestern Iran made up a distinctive genetic group corresponding to M. rigidula while the second group corresponding to M. rigiduloides harboured the western and two of the northwestern populations. The outcomes of this study provide the first reliable molecular evidence supporting the M. rigidula-M. rigiduloides separation previously suggested by morphology.

scholarly journals European Vintage tomatoes galore: a result of farmers combinatorial assorting/swapping of a few diversity rich loci

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Blanca ◽  
Clara Pons ◽  
Javier Montero-Pau ◽  
David Sanchez-Matarredona ◽  
Peio Ziarsolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Balancing Selection ◽  
Genotyping By Sequencing ◽  
Polymorphic Loci ◽  
Comprehensive Collection ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
History Of ◽  
Modern Varieties

A comprehensive collection of 1,254 tomato accessions corresponding to European heirlooms and landraces, together with modern varieties, early domesticates and wild relatives, were analyzed by genotyping by sequencing. A continuous genetic gradient between the vintage and modern varieties was observed. European vintage tomatoes displayed very low genetic diversity, with only 298 loci out of 64,943 variants being polymorphic at the 95% threshold. European vintage tomatoes could be classified in several genetic groups. Two main clusters consisting of Spanish and Italian accessions showed a higher genetic diversity than the rest varieties, suggesting that these regions might be independent secondary centers of diversity and with a different history. Other varieties seem to be the result of a more recent complex pattern of migrations and hybridizations among the European regions. Several polymorphic loci were associated in a GWAS with fruit morphological traits in the European vintage collection, and the corresponding alleles were found to contribute to the distinctive phenotypic characteristic of the genetic varietal groups. The few highly polymorphic loci associated with morphological traits in an otherwise diversity-poor genome suggests a history of balancing selection, in which tomato farmers maintained the morphological variation by applying a high selective pressure within different varietal types.

scholarly journals Unexpected low genetic differentiation between Japan and Bering Sea populations of a deep-sea benthic crustacean lacking a planktonic larval stage (Peracarida: Tanaidacea)

2020 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
pp. 566-574
Author(s):  
Keiichi Kakui ◽  
Hidetaka Nomaki ◽  
Hironori Komatsu ◽  
Yoshihiro Fujiwara
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Bering Sea ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
Eastern Bering Sea ◽  
Planktonic Larval Stage

Abstract Information on the extent, diversity and connectivity of populations is lacking for most deep-sea invertebrates. Species of the order Tanaidacea (Crustacea), one of the most diverse and abundant macrofaunal groups in the deep sea, are benthic, lack a planktonic larval stage, and thus would be expected to have narrow distributional ranges. However, with molecular evidence from the COI gene, we show here that the deep-sea tanaidacean Carpoapseudes spinigena has a distributional range spanning at least 3700 km, from off northern Japan to the south-eastern Bering Sea. Living individuals found in a sediment core indicated that the species is a sedentary burrower. COI analyses revealed a low level of genetic diversity overall, and low differentiation (p-distance, 0.2–0.8%) between the Japan and Bering Sea populations. One hypothesis to explain the low genetic diversity over a broad region is that the Japan population was founded by individuals transported by ocean currents from the Bering Sea. However, due to limited data, other explanations cannot be ruled out. Our results indicate that continued sampling is of fundamental importance to understanding how genetic and taxonomic diversity originate and are maintained in the deep sea.

The Response to Past Climate Perturbations Explains Extremely Low Genetic Diversity in the Genome of an Abundant Ice-Age Remnant, the Alpine Marmot

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toni I. Gossmann​ ◽  
Achchuthan Shanmugasundram​ ◽  
Stefan Börno ◽  
Ludovic Duvaux ◽  
Christophe Lemaire​ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Past Climate ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
Alpine Marmot

scholarly journals Sixty Years with the Chrysobalanaceae

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghillean T. Prance
Keyword(s):  
Economic Botany ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Conservation Ecology ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Findings ◽  
The Family ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Economic Use

AbstractA review is given of the studies of Ghillean Prance and associates on the Chrysobalanaceae over the past sixty years. This has focussed on defining the generic boundaries in the family and on monographic work with a worldwide approach to this pantropical family. The importance of field studies for work on monographs and Floras is emphasized. Monographs are still the basis for much work on conservation, ecology and economic botany and are needed as a foundation for molecular studies. The importance of being open to experimenting with new techniques and as a result being willing to change the taxonomy in accordance with new findings is demonstrated and emphasized. The twelve genera of the Chrysobalanaceae at the beginning of this career-long study have now increased to twenty-eight in order to present a much better monophyletic and evolutionary arrangement based on recent molecular evidence. In particular it was necessary to divide and rearrange the originally large genera Parinari and Licania into a number of smaller segregate genera. All known species were included in a worldwide monograph published in 2003. A brief review of the economic use for the family is given.

Season of birth interacts with measures of inbreeding in multiplex schizophrenia pedigrees: evidence from genetic isolates in Daghestan

Open Medicine ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-398
Author(s):  
Kazima Bulayeva ◽  
John McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Family History ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Population Genetic Study ◽  
Season Of Birth ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Genetic Isolates

AbstractWhile the season-of-birth effect is one of the most consistent epidemiological features of schizophrenia, there is a lack of consistency with respect to the interaction between season of birth and family history of schizophrenia. Apart from family history, measures related to consanguinity can be used as proxy markers of genomic heterogeneity. Thus, these measures may provide an alternate, indirect index of genetic susceptibility. We had the opportunity to explore the interaction between season of birth and measure of consanguinity in well-described genetic isolates in Daghestan, some of which are known for their relatively high prevalence of schizophrenia. Our previous population-genetic study showed Daghestan has an extremely high genetic diversity between the ethnic populations and a low genetic diversity within them. The isolates selected for this study include some with more than 200 and some with less than 100 generations of demographical history since their founding. Based on pedigrees of multiply-affected families, we found that among individuals with schizophrenia, the measure of consanguinity was significantly higher in the parents of those born in winter/spring compared to those born in summer/autumn. Furthermore, compared to summer/autumn born, winter/spring born individuals with schizophrenia had an earlier age-of-onset, and more prominent auditory hallucinations. Our results suggest that the offspring of consanguineous marriages, and thus those with reduced allelic heterogeneity, may be more susceptible to the environmental factor(s) underpinning the season-of-the effect in schizophrenia.

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