Review of the Neotropical blackfly subgenus Inaequalium Coscarón & Wygodzinsky (Diptera: Simuliidae) based on adults and  pupal morphology

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1649 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUIS MIGUEL HERNÁNDEZ ◽  
ANTHONY JOHN SHELLEY ◽  
ANTONIO PAULINO ANDRADE DE LUNA DIAS ◽  
MARILZA MAIA-HERZOG
Keyword(s):  
Species Identification ◽  
Species Group ◽  
As Species ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Species Taxonomy ◽  
Species Inquirendae

The species of the subgenus Inaequalium are reviewed based on adult and pupal morphology. All main taxonomic characters are fully illustrated together with a key to pupae for species identification. Discussions on the species’ taxonomy and brief summaries of their distribution and biology are also provided. As a result of this study, 14 species are now included in the subgenus Inaequalium. They are placed into two species groups, the botulibranchium species group with three species and the inaequale species group with 11 species, including two that are treated as species inquirendae: S. lurybayae Smart and S. parimaense Ramírez-Pérez, Yarzábal, Takaoka, Tada & Ramírez. Simulium lurybayae Smart, S. margaritatum Pepinelli, Hamada & Luz and S. maranguapense (Pessoa, Ríos-Velásquez & Py-Daniel) are now placed in the inaequale species group. Two lectotypes are designated for the following species: S. clavibranchium Lutz and S. diversibranchium Lutz. Simulium hauseri (Coscarón & Coscarón-Arias) is regarded as an unavailable name.

Revision of the crassipes and pictipes species groups of Apiomerus Hahn (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Harpactorinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2949 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
LILY BERNIKER ◽  
SIGURD SZERLIP ◽  
DIMITRI FORERO ◽  
CHRISTIANE WEIRAUCH
Keyword(s):  
Species Identification ◽  
Species Delimitation ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Group A ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Additional Member

Within the genus Apiomerus Hahn, 1831, the crassipes and the pictipes species groups are described. In the crassipes species group, three species are redescribed: Apiomerus crassipes (Fabricius, 1803), Apiomerus rufipennis (Fallou, 1889) and Apiomerus spissipes (Say, 1825); one subspecies is raised to species level and redescribed: Apiomerus cooremani Costa Lima, Campos Seabra & Hathaway, 1951; and six species are described as new: Apiomerus californicus Berniker & Szerlip, sp. nov., Apiomerus cazieri Berniker & Szerlip, sp. nov., Apiomerus floridensis Berniker & Szerlip, sp. nov., Apiomerus montanus Berniker & Szerlip, sp. nov., Apiomerus peninsularis Berniker & Szerlip, sp. nov. and Apiomerus wygodzinskyi Berniker & Szerlip, sp. nov. In the pictipes species group, two species are redescribed, Apiomerus flaviventris Herrich-Schaeffer, 1846 and Apiomerus pictipes Herrich-Schaeffer, 1846, and one subspecies, Apiomerus pictipes pittieri Costa Lima, Campos Seabra, & Hathaway, 1951 is synonymized with Apiomerus pictipes. Neotypes are designated for Apiomerus flaviventris, Apiomerus pictipes, and Apiomerus spissipes. Lectotypes are designated for Apiomerus cooremani and Apiomerus crassipes. The composition of the species groups are different from those originally proposed by Sigurd Szerlip in his PhD dissertation. The crassipes group has one additional member, Apiomerus rufipennis. Furthermore, Apiomerus barrocoloradoi Forero, Berniker & Szerlip, 2010 and the two manuscript names “Apiomerus panther” and “Apiomerus tigris” were removed from the pictipes group. A key to the species is provided, as well as photographs of habitus and diagnostic features for both males and females. Intraspecific polychromatism is discussed as it relates to species identification and species delimitation.

A world review of the pyri species group in the genus Typhlodromus Scheuten (Acari: Phytoseiidae)

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (7) ◽  
pp. 1770-1804 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Chant ◽  
E. Yoshida-Shaul
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Insufficient Information ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
As Species ◽  
Typhlodromus Athiasae ◽  
Species Inquirendae

The pyri species group in the genus Typhlodromus Scheuten is proposed to accommodate species characterized primarily by the presence of setae S2 and S4 and the absence of S5 of the S-series on the opisthoscutum. There are at present 18 species in this group: T. leptodactylus Wainstein, T. magdalenae Pritchard and Baker, T. corticis Herbert, T. andrei Karg, T. griekwensis Schultz, T. atticus Swirski and Ragusa, T. baccettii Lombardini, T. pyri Scheuten, T. tubifer Wainstein, T. klimenkoi Kolodochka, T. tiliae Oudemans, T. setubali Dosse, T. cotoneastri Wainstein, T. athiasae Porath and Swirski, T. laurae Arutunjan, T. exhilaratus Ragusa, T. phialatus Athias-Henriot, and T. ernesti Ragusa and Swirski. Four subspecies also are proposed: Typhlodromus athiasae athiasae Porath and Swirski stat. nov., Typhlodromus athiasae perbibus Wainstein and Arutunjan stat. nov., Typhlodromus exhilaratus exhilaratus Ragusa stat. nov., and Typhlodromus exhilaratus americanus subsp. nov. Typhlodromus pritchardi Arutunjan and T. vepallidus (Koch) are designated as species inquirendae because of insufficient information on their identities. The identity and status of T. pyri, the type species of the genus Typhlodromus, is reviewed. The following new synonymies are proposed: T. rodovae Wainstein and Arutunjan as a junior synonym of T. corticis; T. helenae Schicha and Dosse and T. oligadenus Athias-Henriot as junior synonyms of T. baccettii; T. ajsel Abbasova as a junior synonym of T. tubifer; T. siwa El Badry, T. hellenicus Swirski and Ragusa, and T. perbibus Wainstein and Arutunjan as junior synonyms of T. athiasae; and T. laurentii Ragusa and Swirski as a junior synonym of T. setubali. The group is defined and a key to and descriptions of the adult females of the species and subspecies are provided.

scholarly journals The genus Oligonychus Berlese (Acari, Prostigmata, Tetranychidae): taxonomic assessment and a key to subgenera, species groups, and subgroups

ZooKeys ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1079 ◽  
pp. 89-127
Author(s):  
Hafiz Muhammad Saqib Mushtaq ◽  
Fahad Jaber Alatawi ◽  
Muhammad Kamran ◽  
Carlos Holger Wenzel Flechtmann
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
As Species ◽  
Generic Character ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Doubtful Species ◽  
Species Inquirendae ◽  
Mite Genus

A comprehensive taxonomic assessment of the most agriculturally important and highly diverse spider mite genus, Oligonychus Berlese (Acari: Tetranychidae) was performed. The sub-generic division, species groups, doubtful species, species complexes and the interpretation of a key generic character are discussed. Based on the orientation of the male aedeagus, only two subgenera, namely Oligonychus Berlese (aedeagus downturned) and Reckiella Tuttle & Baker (aedeagus upturned), are valid in the genus Oligonychus. The subgenera Homonychus Wainstein, Metatetranychoides Wainstein, and Wainsteiniella Tuttle & Baker are considered to be synonyms of the subgenus Oligonychus, whereas the subgenus Pritchardinychus Wainstein is proposed as a synonym of the subgenus Reckiella. Moreover, based on female morphological characters, four species groups (coffeae, exsiccator, iseilemae, and peruvianus) and 11 species subgroups (aceris, biharensis, coffeae, comptus, exsiccator, gossypii, iseilemae, peruvianus, pritchardi, smithi, and subnudus) are suggested in the subgenera Oligonychus and Reckiella. Fourteen Oligonychus species are proposed as species inquirendae, and potential cryptic species complexes in the genus Oligonychus are briefly highlighted. It is agreed that the clunal seta h1 is always absent, while the para-anal setae h2 and h3 are always present in the genus Oligonychus. A key to subgenera, species groups, and species subgroups of the genus Oligonychus is provided.

A world review of the ecclesiasticus species group in the genus Typhlodromus Scheuten (Acarina: Phytoseiidae)

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 447-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Chant ◽  
E. Yoshida-Shaul
Keyword(s):  
Species Group ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Insufficient Information ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
As Species ◽  
Species Inquirendae

A new ecclesiasticus species group in the genus Typhlodromus Scheuten is proposed. The group is characterized primarily by the presence of seta z6 on the podoscutum and setae S2, S4, and S5 on the opisthoscutum. It is composed of 17 species: T. sentus Pritchard and Baker, T. neosentus van der Merwe, T. acanthus van der Merwe, T. sennarensis El Badry, T. parva (Matthysse and Denmark) comb, nov., T. kuzini (Wainstein), T. relenta (Matthysse and Denmark) comb, nov., T. ecclesiasticus De Leon, T. scytinus Chazeau, T. prunusus van der Merwe, T. yokogawae Ehara and Hamaoka, T. operantis (Chaudhri) comb, nov.,T. loricatus (Wainstein) comb, nov., T. bregetovae (Wainstein and Beglyarov) comb, nov., T. neosoleiger Gupta, T. ignavus (Chaudhri) comb, nov., and T. niloticus El Badry. Typhlodromus vitreus (Chaudhri) comb. nov. is designated as a junior synonym of T. bregetovae. Two species, T. ignavus and T. niloticus, are designated as "species inquirendae" because of insufficient information on their characteristics. Various generic concepts relating to the species in this group are reviewed. The group is described and a key to adult females and descriptions of each species are provided.

Review of species of the genus Cercyon of Russia and adjacent regions. VI. Subgenus Cercyon, the C.shinanensis group (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.K. Ryndevich ◽  
H. Hoshina ◽  
A.A. Prokin
Keyword(s):  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Palaearctic Species ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Kunashir Island ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
The Russian Far East

The Cercyon shinanensis species group with two included species is erected within the nominotypical subgenus of Cercyon Leach, 1817. This group is compared with other Palaearctic species groups of Cercyon s. str. The little-known C. shinanensis Nakane, 1965 from Japan (Honshu) is redescribed and its diagnostic features are given. Cercyon sundukovi sp. nov. is described from the Russian Far East (Kunashir Island).

Discovery of New Genera Challenges the Subtribal Classification of Tok-Tok Beetles (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Sepidiini)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia M Gearner ◽  
Marcin J Kamiński ◽  
Kojun Kanda ◽  
Kali Swichtenberg ◽  
Aaron D Smith
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Phylogenetic Placement ◽  
Darkling Beetles ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
Inference Methods ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

Abstract Sepidiini is a speciose tribe of desert-inhabiting darkling beetles, which contains a number of poorly defined taxonomic groups and is in need of revision at all taxonomic levels. In this study, two previously unrecognized lineages were discovered, based on morphological traits, among the extremely speciose genera Psammodes Kirby, 1819 (164 species and subspecies) and Ocnodes Fåhraeus, 1870 (144 species and subspecies), namely the Psammodes spinosus species-group and Ocnodes humeralis species-group. In order to test their phylogenetic placement, a phylogeny of the tribe was reconstructed based on analyses of DNA sequences from six nonoverlapping genetic loci (CAD, wg, COI JP, COI BC, COII, and 28S) using Bayesian and maximum likelihood inference methods. The aforementioned, morphologically defined, species-groups were recovered as distinct and well-supported lineages within Molurina + Phanerotomeina and are interpreted as independent genera, respectively, Tibiocnodes Gearner & Kamiński gen. nov. and Tuberocnodes Gearner & Kamiński gen. nov. A new species, Tuberocnodes synhimboides Gearner & Kamiński sp. nov., is also described. Furthermore, as the recovered phylogenetic placement of Tibiocnodes and Tuberocnodes undermines the monophyly of Molurina and Phanerotomeina, an analysis of the available diagnostic characters for those subtribes is also performed. As a consequence, Phanerotomeina is considered as a synonym of the newly redefined Molurina sens. nov. Finally, spectrograms of vibrations produced by substrate tapping of two Molurina species, Toktokkus vialis (Burchell, 1822) and T. synhimboides, are presented.

Beyond Wallace: a new lineage of Chrysorthenches (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutoidea: Glyphipterigidae) reveals a journey tracking its host-plants, Podocarpus (Pinopsida: Podocarpaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 190 (2) ◽  
pp. 709-736
Author(s):  
Jae-Cheon Sohn ◽  
Shigeki Kobayashi ◽  
Yutaka Yoshiyasu
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Geological History ◽  
Dna Barcodes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Phylogeny

Abstract A northward trans-Wallacean radiation is demonstrated for Chrysorthenches, a member of the Orthenches group. Here we review Chrysorthenches and allied genera resulting in a generic transfer of Diathryptica callibrya to Chrysorthenches and two new congeners: C. muraseaeSohn & Kobayashisp. nov. from Japan and C. smaragdinaSohnsp. nov. from Thailand. We review morphological characters of Chrysorthenches and allied genera, and find polyphyly of Diathryptica and the association of the Orthenches-group with Glyphipterigidae. These findings were supported in a maximum likelihood phylogeny of DNA barcodes from ten yponomeutoids. We analysed 30 morphological characters for 12 species of Chrysorthenches, plus one outgroup, via a cladistic approach. The resulting cladogram redefined two pre-existing Chrysorthenches species-groups and identified one novel lineage: the C. callibrya species-group. We review the host associations between Chrysorthenches and Podocarpaceae, based on mapping the working phylogenies. Our review suggests that ancestral Chrysorthenches colonized Podocarpus and later shifted to other podocarp genera. Biogeographical patterns of Chrysorthenches show that they evolved long after the Podocarpaceae radiation. Disjunctive trans-Wallacean distribution of the C. callibrya species-group is possibly related to the tracking of their host-plants and the complicated geological history of the island-arc system connecting Australia and East Asia.

Revision of the Metallactus kollari species-group with a new diagnosis of the genus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cryptocephalinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4413 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
DAVIDE SASSI
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Original Diagnosis ◽  
Taxonomic Treatment ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
New Diagnosis ◽  
Good Resource

The genus Metallactus has been controversial since its introduction due to the ambiguous nature of the original diagnosis. This has caused some confusion in the taxonomy of Neotropical Pachybrachina. In this work the morphology of endophallus, which is useful for the characterization of species groups in several groups of Coleoptera, including Cryptocephalinae, has been analyzed. This has proven to be a good resource also in the taxonomic treatment of the species belonging to the genus Metallactus. After a careful survey on most of the species described so far, the endophallus shape in Metallactus turned out to be remarkably distinctive and very promising in the delimitation of species groups. The present work includes: a) a new diagnosis of the genus Metallactus on the basis of the aedeagal anatomy; b) the designation of the type species of the nominal genus; c) the revision of a first species-group of the genus, including the type species, hereinafter called Metallactus kollari species-group. Before this revision, catalogues had been reporting 13 species attributable to this group, in the present work three species have been synonymized and seven have been described as new to science. Therefore, the group includes 17 species. The species described as new are: Metallactus rileyi n. sp., M. bellatrix n. sp., M. longicornis n. sp.; M. londonpridei n. sp., M. regalini n. sp., M. bezoar n. sp., M. guarani n. sp. The new synonymies are as follows: Metallactus albipes Suffrian, 1866 (= M. nigrofasciatus Suffrian, 1866 n. syn.), M. albifrons Suffrian, 1866 (= M. flavofrontalis Jacoby, 1907 n. syn.), M. dodecastictus Suffrian, 1866 (= Griburius nigritarsis Jacoby, 1907 n. syn.). The lectotypes of all previously described species have been designated. The new synonymies, the name-bearing type fixations and designations and the nomenclatural acts have been critically discussed. An identification key for the species-group is also provided. 

scholarly journals Individuals from different-looking animal species may group together to confuse shared predators: simulations with artificial neural networks

2006 ◽  
Vol 274 (1611) ◽  
pp. 827-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin R Tosh ◽  
Andrew L Jackson ◽  
Graeme D Ruxton
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Mixed Species ◽  
Retinotopic Maps ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Mixed Species Groups ◽  
Species Grouping ◽  
Prey Items

Individuals of many quite distantly related animal species find each other attractive and stay together for long periods in groups. We present a mechanism for mixed-species grouping in which individuals from different-looking prey species come together because the appearance of the mixed-species group is visually confusing to shared predators. Using an artificial neural network model of retinotopic mapping in predators, we train networks on random projections of single- and mixed-species prey groups and then test the ability of networks to reconstruct individual prey items from mixed-species groups in a retinotopic map. Over the majority of parameter space, cryptic prey items benefit from association with conspicuous prey because this particular visual combination worsens predator targeting of cryptic individuals. However, this benefit is not mutual as conspicuous prey tends to be targeted most poorly when in same-species groups. Many real mixed-species groups show the asymmetry in willingness to initiate and maintain the relationship predicted by our study. The agreement of model predictions with published empirical work, the efficacy of our modelling approach in previous studies, and the taxonomic ubiquity of retinotopic maps indicate that we may have uncovered an important, generic selective agent in the evolution of mixed-species grouping.

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