scholarly journals The genus Oligonychus Berlese (Acari, Prostigmata, Tetranychidae): taxonomic assessment and a key to subgenera, species groups, and subgroups

ZooKeys ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1079 ◽  
pp. 89-127
Author(s):  
Hafiz Muhammad Saqib Mushtaq ◽  
Fahad Jaber Alatawi ◽  
Muhammad Kamran ◽  
Carlos Holger Wenzel Flechtmann
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
As Species ◽  
Generic Character ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Doubtful Species ◽  
Species Inquirendae ◽  
Mite Genus

A comprehensive taxonomic assessment of the most agriculturally important and highly diverse spider mite genus, Oligonychus Berlese (Acari: Tetranychidae) was performed. The sub-generic division, species groups, doubtful species, species complexes and the interpretation of a key generic character are discussed. Based on the orientation of the male aedeagus, only two subgenera, namely Oligonychus Berlese (aedeagus downturned) and Reckiella Tuttle & Baker (aedeagus upturned), are valid in the genus Oligonychus. The subgenera Homonychus Wainstein, Metatetranychoides Wainstein, and Wainsteiniella Tuttle & Baker are considered to be synonyms of the subgenus Oligonychus, whereas the subgenus Pritchardinychus Wainstein is proposed as a synonym of the subgenus Reckiella. Moreover, based on female morphological characters, four species groups (coffeae, exsiccator, iseilemae, and peruvianus) and 11 species subgroups (aceris, biharensis, coffeae, comptus, exsiccator, gossypii, iseilemae, peruvianus, pritchardi, smithi, and subnudus) are suggested in the subgenera Oligonychus and Reckiella. Fourteen Oligonychus species are proposed as species inquirendae, and potential cryptic species complexes in the genus Oligonychus are briefly highlighted. It is agreed that the clunal seta h1 is always absent, while the para-anal setae h2 and h3 are always present in the genus Oligonychus. A key to subgenera, species groups, and species subgroups of the genus Oligonychus is provided.

A new flat mite genus, Acaricis (Prostigmata: Tenuipalpidae), from Australian sedges (Cyperaceae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2073 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. BEARD ◽  
U. GERSON
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Dorsal Seta ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
False Spider ◽  
False Spider Mite ◽  
Mite Genus

We describe two new species of false spider mite in a new genus, Acaricis gen. nov., collected from native Australian sedges (Cyperaceae). The new genus shares morphological characters with the genera Tenuipalpus Donnadieu and Prolixus Beard, Fan & Walter. All three genera have dorsal opisthosomal seta h2 long and attenuate. Acaricis shares the presence of a rostral shield with Tenuipalpus; and shares with Prolixus an elongate body shape, absence of dorsal seta c1, genua I with two setae, nude genua IV, and setae g1 being inserted anterior to g2. Acaricis differs from both genera in having four palpal segments, as opposed to one to three.

Immunological Evidence on Relationships of Some Australian Terrestrial Frogs (Anura, Hylidae, Pelodryadinae)

1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 575 ◽  
Author(s):  
MN Hutchinson ◽  
LR Maxson
Keyword(s):  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Body Proportions ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Adaptive Radiations ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Evolutionary Lineages

Phylogenetic relationships of ground-dwelling hylid frogs have been studied by micro-complement fixation comparisons of serum albumin. These analyses show that this group of frogs is not monophyletic. Two distantly related species-complexes are identified: a lesueuri complex, containing the lesueuri and booroolongensis species-groups of Tyler and Davies; and a freycineti complex, consisting of the freycineti, coplandi, latopalmata and nigrofrenata species-groups. Among the frogs studied, the nearest relative of the lesueuri complex is L. serrata, whereas the closest relatives of the freycineti complex include the L. meiriana and L. ewingi species-groups. Within each complex the species are very closely related to one another, suggesting that both lineages recently have undergone adaptive radiations. These relationships correlate well with some of the morphological characters used by Tyler and Davies to establish species- groups within Litoria. Our results are at variance with the conclusions of Tyler and Davies who used features of biology and body proportions to establish possible evolutionary lineages within Litoria.

scholarly journals Revision of the southern Andean genus Sadocus Sørensen, 1886 (Opiliones, Gonyleptidae, Pachylinae)

ZooKeys ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1025 ◽  
pp. 91-137
Author(s):  
Marília Pessoa-Silva ◽  
Marcos Ryotaro Hara ◽  
Ricardo Pinto-da-Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
New Classification ◽  
As Species ◽  
First Time ◽  
Species Inquirendae

Species of the genus Sadocus Sørensen, 1886 are conspicuous gonyleptids that occur in Chile and Argentina. Here, the genus is revised for the first time and the cladistic analysis based on morphological characters does not corroborate its monophyly unless a phylogenetically unrelated species is excluded (explained further on). A new classification is proposed for the seven species left in the genus and considered valid, of the 13 nominal species previously recognized. Two out of the seven valid species are considered as species inquirendae: Sadocus allermayeri (Mello-Leitão, 1945) [= Carampangue allermayeri Mello-Leitão, 1945] and Sadocus nigronotatus (Mello-Leitão, 1943) [= Carampangue nigronotatum Mello-Leitão, 1943]. The following synonymies are proposed: Sadocus bicornis (Gervais, 1849) [original combination = Gonyleptes bicornis Gervais, 1849] is a junior synonym of Sadocus asperatus (Gervais, 1847) [= Gonyleptes asperatus Gervais, 1847]; Sadocus conspicillatus Roewer, 1913, Sadocus exceptionalis (Mello-Leitão, 1946) [= Araucanoleptes exceptionalis Mello-Leitão, 1946] and Sadocus guttatus Sørensen, 1902 are junior synonyms of the valid name Sadocus polyacanthus (Gervais, 1847) [= Gonyleptes polyacanthus Gervais, 1847]; and Sadocus calcar (Roewer, 1913) [= Lycomedes calcar Roewer, 1913] is a junior synonym of the valid name Gonyleptes horridus Kirby, 1819. Sadocus brasiliensis Soares & Soares, 1949 is not congeneric with Argentinean/Chilean species of the genus according to the cladistic analysis and is here synonymized with Discocyrtus catharinensis (Mello-Leitão, 1923 [= Sadocus catharinensis Mello-Leitão, 1923]).

Cryptic species diversity and character congruence: review of the tribe Anthracini (Diptera : Bombyliidae) in Australia

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 977 ◽  
Author(s):  
David K. Yeates ◽  
Christine L. Lambkin
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Wing Patterns ◽  
Species Groups

The Australian Anthracini are revised. In all, 28 new species are described, bringing the total fauna to 34 species. The previously described species of Anthrax Scopoli – A. maculatus Macquart, A. incomptus Walker, A. confluensisRoberts, A. lepidiotus Roberts and A. proconcisus Hardy – are diagnosed and the following eight new species of Anthrax are described: A. argentia, A. asciculus, A. clinatus, A. crenatus, A. dolabratus, A. funestus, A. opacus and A. torulus. This taxonomic study reveals a group of at least 20 cryptic species previously included in collections under the name Anthrax angularis Thomson. A new genus, Thraxan, is erected to contain this cryptic group of species and the following 20 new species are described: T. acutus, T. abditus, T. caligneus, T. cinctus, T. cornuatus, T. depressus, T. echinatus, T. ebenus, T. emicatus, T. hamulus, T. luteus, T. misatulus, T. nodus, T. norrisi, T. obstipus, T. patielus, T. planus, T. prolatus, T. simulatusand T. spiculus. Many of these cryptic species have been collected sympatrically, hill topping together in eastern Australia. A key is provided to the species of Anthrax and Thraxan, genitalia drawings are presented for most species and distribution maps of all species are presented. A cladistic analysis of the species of Anthrax and Thraxan is also presented. A total of 26 of the species is compared for 125 synapomorphies in 39 adult morphological characters. Three species-groups were found: Thraxan, and two species-groups within Anthrax, the A. proconcisus species-group and the A. maculatusspecies-group. Previous authors divided Anthrax into species-groups on the basis of wing patterns, but found that these species-groups were not confirmed when other characters were taken into consideration. We studied the congruence of seven different character sets within the clade comprising Anthrax and Thraxan – antennae, venation, wing patterns, vestiture, genitalia, male genitalia and female genitalia – using several incongruence indices. Significance of incongruence was measured using a randomisation procedure. Results of these studies indicate that the wing-pattern character set is significantly incongruent with the other morphological data. These quantitative cladistic results explain the difficulty previous authors experienced in finding suites of characters to support species-groups in Anthrax on the basis of wing patterns. A relationship is found between the level of incongruence and the distance over which mate-recognition signals operate.

Review of the Neotropical blackfly subgenus Inaequalium Coscarón & Wygodzinsky (Diptera: Simuliidae) based on adults and  pupal morphology

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1649 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUIS MIGUEL HERNÁNDEZ ◽  
ANTHONY JOHN SHELLEY ◽  
ANTONIO PAULINO ANDRADE DE LUNA DIAS ◽  
MARILZA MAIA-HERZOG
Keyword(s):  
Species Identification ◽  
Species Group ◽  
As Species ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Species Taxonomy ◽  
Species Inquirendae

The species of the subgenus Inaequalium are reviewed based on adult and pupal morphology. All main taxonomic characters are fully illustrated together with a key to pupae for species identification. Discussions on the species’ taxonomy and brief summaries of their distribution and biology are also provided. As a result of this study, 14 species are now included in the subgenus Inaequalium. They are placed into two species groups, the botulibranchium species group with three species and the inaequale species group with 11 species, including two that are treated as species inquirendae: S. lurybayae Smart and S. parimaense Ramírez-Pérez, Yarzábal, Takaoka, Tada & Ramírez. Simulium lurybayae Smart, S. margaritatum Pepinelli, Hamada & Luz and S. maranguapense (Pessoa, Ríos-Velásquez & Py-Daniel) are now placed in the inaequale species group. Two lectotypes are designated for the following species: S. clavibranchium Lutz and S. diversibranchium Lutz. Simulium hauseri (Coscarón & Coscarón-Arias) is regarded as an unavailable name.

scholarly journals Wireworm (Coleoptera: Elateridae) genomic analysis reveals putative cryptic species, population structure, and adaptation to pest control

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly R. Andrews ◽  
Alida Gerritsen ◽  
Arash Rashed ◽  
David W. Crowder ◽  
Silvia I. Rondon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Agricultural Field ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Species Population

AbstractThe larvae of click beetles (Coleoptera: Elateridae), known as “wireworms,” are agricultural pests that pose a substantial economic threat worldwide. We produced one of the first wireworm genome assemblies (Limonius californicus), and investigated population structure and phylogenetic relationships of three species (L. californicus, L. infuscatus, L. canus) across the northwest US and southwest Canada using genome-wide markers (RADseq) and genome skimming. We found two species (L. californicus and L. infuscatus) are comprised of multiple genetically distinct groups that diverged in the Pleistocene but have no known distinguishing morphological characters, and therefore could be considered cryptic species complexes. We also found within-species population structure across relatively short geographic distances. Genome scans for selection provided preliminary evidence for signatures of adaptation associated with different pesticide treatments in an agricultural field trial for L. canus. We demonstrate that genomic tools can be a strong asset in developing effective wireworm control strategies.

Morphology and DNA barcoding reveal three cryptic species within the Xylophanes neoptolemus and loelia species-groups (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1923 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
THIERRY VAGLIA ◽  
JEAN HAXAIRE ◽  
IAN J. KITCHING ◽  
ISABELLE MEUSNIER ◽  
RODOLPHE ROUGERIE
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Group A ◽  
Lowland Forests ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Coi Sequences ◽  
Three New Species

Two species complexes within the genus Xylophanes are addressed using a combination of morphological study and analysis of DNA barcode sequences. The existence of two and three cryptic species respectively within the X. loelia and X. neoptolemus complexes is revealed following consideration of both adult habitus and genital morphology, and the results of a phylogenetic analysis of partial COI sequences—DNA barcodes—for 38 specimens. The taxonomic status of the available names is discussed and to clarify and stabilize the confused nomenclature of this group, a neotype for Sphinx neoptolemus Cramer, 1780, and lectotypes for Choerocampa loelia Druce, 1878 and Chaerocampa trilineata Walker, [1865], are designated. We describe three new species: X. lolita n. sp. Vaglia and Haxaire; X. balcazari n. sp. Haxaire and Vaglia; and X. cthulhu n. sp. Haxaire and Vaglia. The first is endemic to southeastern Brazil and closely allied to X. loelia; the second two are relatives of X. neoptolemus, of which the first is known only from Guerrero and Michoacán states in Mexico while the second is widely distributed in lowland forests of Central America.

Comparative Analysis of Genetic and Morphological Variation within the Platanthera hyperborea Complex (Orchidaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 767-778
Author(s):  
Eranga Wettewa ◽  
Nick Bailey ◽  
Lisa E. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Evolutionary Patterns ◽  
Founding Population ◽  
Multiple Origins ◽  
Geographic Structure ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Nuclear Its ◽  
Cryptic Taxa

Abstract—Species complexes present considerable problems for a working taxonomy due to the presence of intraspecific variation, hybridization, polyploidy, and phenotypic plasticity. Understanding evolutionary patterns using molecular markers can allow for a more thorough assessment of evolutionary lineages than traditional morphological markers. In this study, we evaluated genetic diversity and phylogenetic patterns among taxa of the Platanthera hyperborea (Orchidaceae) complex, which includes diploid (Platanthera aquilonis) and polyploid (Platanthera hyperborea, P. huronensis, and P. convallariifolia) taxa spanning North America, Greenland, Iceland, and Asia. We found that three floral morphological characters overlap among the polyploid taxa, but the diploid species has smaller flowers. DNA sequence variation in a plastid (rpL16 intron) and a nuclear (ITS) marker indicated that at least three diploid species have contributed to the genomes of the polyploid taxa, suggesting all are of allopolyploid origin. Platanthera convallariifolia is most like P. dilatata and P. stricta, whereas P. huronensis and P. hyperborea appear to have originated from crosses of P. dilatata and P. aquilonis. Platanthera huronensis, which is found across North America, has multiple origins and reciprocal maternal parentage from the diploid species. By contrast, P. hyperborea, restricted to Greenland and Iceland, appears to have originated from a small founding population of hybrids in which P. dilatata was the maternal parent. Geographic structure was found among polyploid forms in North America. The area of Manitoba, Canada appears to be a contact zone among geographically diverse forms from eastern and western North America. Given the geographic and genetic variation found, we recommend continued recognition of four green-flowered species within this complex, but caution that there may be additional cryptic taxa within North America.

Beyond Wallace: a new lineage of Chrysorthenches (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutoidea: Glyphipterigidae) reveals a journey tracking its host-plants, Podocarpus (Pinopsida: Podocarpaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 190 (2) ◽  
pp. 709-736
Author(s):  
Jae-Cheon Sohn ◽  
Shigeki Kobayashi ◽  
Yutaka Yoshiyasu
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Geological History ◽  
Dna Barcodes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Phylogeny

Abstract A northward trans-Wallacean radiation is demonstrated for Chrysorthenches, a member of the Orthenches group. Here we review Chrysorthenches and allied genera resulting in a generic transfer of Diathryptica callibrya to Chrysorthenches and two new congeners: C. muraseaeSohn & Kobayashisp. nov. from Japan and C. smaragdinaSohnsp. nov. from Thailand. We review morphological characters of Chrysorthenches and allied genera, and find polyphyly of Diathryptica and the association of the Orthenches-group with Glyphipterigidae. These findings were supported in a maximum likelihood phylogeny of DNA barcodes from ten yponomeutoids. We analysed 30 morphological characters for 12 species of Chrysorthenches, plus one outgroup, via a cladistic approach. The resulting cladogram redefined two pre-existing Chrysorthenches species-groups and identified one novel lineage: the C. callibrya species-group. We review the host associations between Chrysorthenches and Podocarpaceae, based on mapping the working phylogenies. Our review suggests that ancestral Chrysorthenches colonized Podocarpus and later shifted to other podocarp genera. Biogeographical patterns of Chrysorthenches show that they evolved long after the Podocarpaceae radiation. Disjunctive trans-Wallacean distribution of the C. callibrya species-group is possibly related to the tracking of their host-plants and the complicated geological history of the island-arc system connecting Australia and East Asia.

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