Cladistics, classification and identification of the brachycercine mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Caenidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1801 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
LU SUN ◽  
W. P. MCCAFFERTY
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Head Capsule ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Classification ◽  
Nomen Dubium ◽  
Tribal Classification

The mayfly subfamily Brachycercinae (Pannota: Caenidae) is redefined and shown to be an apotypic, monophyletic group based on numerous synapomorphies, including, for example in the larvae, the presence of ocellar tubercles, an anterior row of long setae on the larval head capsule, a patch of long setae posterior to the base of the glossae, a broad prosternum, and the absence of toothlike claw denticles. Over 100 morphological characters of larvae, adults, and eggs discovered to be useful for phylogenetic analysis and diagnoses are detailed and illustrated. Thirty-eight species are recognized among the genera Brachycercus Curtis, Caenoculis Soldán, Cercobrachys Soldán, Insulibrachys Soldán, Sparbarus, n. gen., Oriobrachys, n. gen., Latineosus, n. gen., Susperatus, n. gen., and Alloretochus, n. gen., by adopting a strictly phylogenetic classification, including a first tribal classification within the subfamily. Brachycercus ojibwe, n. sp., Cercobrachys fox, n. sp., C. lilliei, n. sp., C. pomeiok, n. sp., C. winnebago, n. sp., Latineosus cayo, n. sp., L. cibola, n. sp., Oriobrachys mahakam, n. sp., Sparbarus choctaw, n. sp., S. coushatta, n. sp., S. miccosukee, n. sp., and Susperatus tonkawa, n. sp. are newly described. The Nearctic Brachycercus articus Soldán, n. syn., and B. edmundsi Soldán, n. syn., are shown to be equivalent to B. harrisella Curtis, proving the latter to be a widespread Holarctic species. Sparbarus capnicus (Zhou, Sun and McCafferty), n. comb., S. corniger (Kluge), n. comb., S. europaeus (Kluge), n. comb., S. gilliesi (Soldán and Landa), n. comb., S. japonicus (Gose), n. comb., S. kabyliensis (Soldán), n. comb., S. lacustris (Needham), n. comb., S. maculatus (Berner), n. comb., S. nasutus (Soldán), n. comb., S. tubulatus (Tshernova), n. comb., Susperatus prudens (McDunnough), n. comb., and S. tuberculatus (Soldán), n. comb., are transferred from Brachycercus. Alloretochus peruanicus (Soldán), n. comb., and Latineosus colombianus (Soldán), n. comb., are transferred from Cercobrachys. Caenis dangi (Soldán), n. comb., is transferred from Caenoculis and Brachycercinae to Caeninae, and provisionally placed in Caenis Stephens. Sparbarus flavus (Traver), n. comb., is transferred from Brachycercus and considered to be a nomen dubium. Nomenclatural history, new or revised descriptions as appropriate, diagnoses, illustrations, and keys are provided for known stage of species. Origins and evolutionary relationships of the Brachycercinae are hypothesized based on cladistic results. Brachycercinae is considered to have originated from a Caenis-like ancestor. The genera Cae-WORLD BRACHYCERCINAEnoculis and Insulibrachys represent more ancestral lineages, whereas the genera Sparbarus, n. gen., Brachycercus, Oriobrachys, n. gen., Latineosus, n. gen., Susperatus, n. gen., Alloretochus, n. gen., and Cercobrachys appear more derived. Cercobrachys pomeiok and other closely related species are most apotypic in terms of numbers of accumulated apomorphies.

Species delimitation of colour polymorphic Cladophorus (Coleoptera: Lycidae) from New Guinea

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4320 (3) ◽  
pp. 505 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROMANA KALOUSOVA ◽  
LADISLAV BOCAK
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Species Delimitation ◽  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Dna Fragment ◽  
Colour Patterns

Cladophorus Guérin-Méneville, 1830 are endemic Papuan net-winged beetles which take part in highly diverse Müllerian mimicry rings. Available specimens were sequenced for cox1–tRNA-Leu–cox2 mitochondrial DNA fragment and the species delimitations were based on the genetic distance, phylogenetic analysis, and morphology. Three earlier described species were identified in the recently collected material and further 10 species are described: C. pallescens sp. nov., C. bicolor sp. nov., C. craterensis sp. nov., C. motykai sp. nov., C. mindikensis sp. nov., C. kailakiensis sp. nov., C. manokwarensis sp. nov., C. haiaensis sp. nov., C. humeralis sp. nov., and C. boceki sp. nov. DNA-based identifications provided some ambiguous results and closely related species could not be robustly delimited using solely molecular data. Additionally, the species limits were based on clearly defined morphological characters and the morphological differentiation was found unlinked from the genetic divergence. Colour patterns cannot be used for identification because all species available in more specimens were polymorphic and followed various local co-mimics. The Papuan fauna of Cladophorus is very diverse and the closely related species regularly occur in limited regions. Differentiation within restricted ranges is therefore considered as the main speciation mode. 

scholarly journals New records of two Lutjanus species (Teleostei: Perciformes: Lutjanidae) with re-description of six lutjanids from Saint Martin’s Island of the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shilpi Saha ◽  
Sanjay Chakraborty ◽  
Subrina Sehrin ◽  
Abdullah Al Masud ◽  
Kazi Ahsan Habib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Bay Of Bengal ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
New Records ◽  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase

Investigations on Snapper fish of the genus Lutjanus were conducted from October 2015 to April 2016 in the coral ecosystem of St. Martin’s Island, Bangladesh. Twenty one individuals of 8 species of Lutjanus were collected from local fishermen. Both morphological characters and DNA barcoding approach by mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I subunit (COI) were used to confirm the identification of all species. Present study recorded the first national occurrence of two reef associated Lutjanus species (L. xanthopinnis and L. indicus). In addition six species (L. rivulatus, L. lutjanus, L. vitta, L. lemniscatus, L. fulviflamma and L. johnii) were re-described. Distinct morphological differentiation were found between more closely related species L. xanthopinnis, L. vitta and L. lutjanus. Three different appearances of L. johnii, two different appearances of L. rivulatus and L. lemniscatus were confirmed as same species. Phylogenetic analysis showed monophylotic clade for conspecific individuals and paraphyletic clade for congeneric individuals. Average genetic divergence for intraspecific level was 1.5% and 12.5% for interspecific level. Current study increased the number of Lutjanus species in Bangladesh from 15 to 17 and extended the distribution range of those new recorded species in northeastern part of the Bay of Bengal. Bangladesh J. Zool. 46(2): 239-253, 2018

A new iridescent “elfin” butterfly species of Podanotum (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Eumaeini) from the Colombian Andes

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3303 (1) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
CARLOS PRIETO ◽  
GABRIEL RODRIGUEZ
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Colombian Andes

A new butterfly species, Podanotum pulsar Prieto & Rodríguez n. sp. is described from the high Andes of Colombia. Wepresent a brief discussion on its systematic placement and on adult ecology. Adult specimens and the genitalia of the male andfemale are illustrated and compared with the most closely related species Podanotum glorissimum Bálint & Wojtusiak, according to morphological characters.

Larval development of the shrimp Hippolyte sapphica d’Udekem d’Acoz, 1993 forma A and B (Decapoda: Caridea: Hippolytidae) reared in the laboratory, confirmation of the conspecific status of the two forms

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2579 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALEXANDROS NTAKIS ◽  
CHRYSSA ANASTASIADOU ◽  
ROMAN LIASKO ◽  
IOANNIS D. LEONARDOS
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Laboratory Confirmation ◽  
Bibliographic Data ◽  
Immature Form ◽  
Complete Series ◽  
First Time

The complete series of larval staging of Hippolyte sapphica d’Udekem d’Acoz, 1993 forma A and B from Louros estuary was studied in the laboratory and described in detail for the first time. The reared larvae of H. sapphica passed through six zoeal stages and one megalopal stage. The larval monitoring completed when the individuals could be assigned clearly to form A and B via rostra formation. Under the experimental conditions, the average durations of the larval stages were as follows: three days for 1 st and 2 nd stages, three to four days for 3 rd , 4 th , 5 th and 6 th stages, four days for the megalopal stage and 19 to 30 days for immature form A and B individuals. Comparison of the larval morphological characters among the described material and the bibliographic data of closely related species was made and discussed. The offspring of females of the forma A includes forma A and B and the same can be said of the offspring of the forma B. This confirms that the formae A and B are indeed conspecific.

Clidicus minilankanus sp. n., with notes on remaining Sri Lankan Clidicus species (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4718 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
PAWEŁ JAŁOSZYŃSKI
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Sri Lankan

Until now, four species of Clidicus Laporte were found in Sri Lanka, three known from female specimens only. Clidicus minilankanus sp. n., is described, and compared to all remaining sympatric congeners. The Sri Lankan species may form a monophyletic group characterized by several morphological oddities: the head only slightly impressed posteromedially, with a large portion of vertex and frons not divided longitudinally; the pronotum quadrangular and flattened, with vestigial or absent posterior ‘collar’, and the transverse groove that demarcates it from the disc lacking pits or even entirely or partly obliterated; and the metaventrite strongly shortened, so that meso- and metacoxae are nearly adjacent. These characters may justify resurrecting Erineus Walker, a junior synonym of Clidicus (proposed for the first described Sri Lankan species, C. monstrosus (Walker)), as a valid name for a subgenus. This problem must be addressed by a phylogenetic analysis of all Clidicus species, to establish evolutionary relationships within this interesting genus. 

Description and bioacoustics of a new species of the genus Isophya (Orthoptera: Tetigoniidae: Phaneropterinae) from Turkey

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3361 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
HASAN SEVGİLİ ◽  
ALİ DEMİRSOY ◽  
BATTAL ÇIPLAK
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Calling Song ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Male Calling ◽  
A New Species

A new species for the genus Isophya, I. bumerangoides, is described from the Northeastern Black Sea Region of Turkey. Thenew species differs from closely related species in some aspects of morphology, mainly in male and female genitalia. Illustra-tions of external morphological characters and male and female songs are provided. Additional data on male calling song andfemale song of closely related bush-cricket Isophya rizeensis Sevgili, 2003 are also given. Scanning Electron Microscopeimages of stridulatory file of the other related species I. redtenbacheri Adelung, 1907 are provided. I. bumerangoides clearlybelongs to I. amplipennis group. Our bioacoustic results suggest that within the genus Isophya, changes in calling song seem to appear more slowly than those in external morphological characters as in most tettigoniid.

Kaempferia noctiflora (Zingiberaceae), a new species from Northern Thailand

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 316 (1) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
NATTAPON NOPPORNCHAROENKUL ◽  
THAYA JENJITTIKUL
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Northern Thailand ◽  
Precocious Flowering ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Pure White

Kaempferia noctiflora, another precocious flowering species of Kaempferia subgen. Protanthium (Zingiberaceae) from Northern Thailand is described and illustrated. Pure white flowers with nocturnal anthesis and a tinged purplish red patch along the midvein of the upper surface of the leaves are the unique characters of this new taxon. The morphological characters of K. noctiflora are compared to closely related species and a key to Thai precocious flowering Kaempferia species is also provided.

First record of brachyuran crab Heteropanope glabra Stimpson, 1858 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Pilumnidae) from India

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jigneshkumar N. Trivedi ◽  
Gunjan M. Soni ◽  
Kauresh D. Vachhrajani
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
First Record ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Brachyuran Crab ◽  
The Past ◽  
De Man ◽  
First Time

Heteropanope glabraStimpson, 1858 belonging to family Pilumnidae is reported for the first time from the mangrove mudflats of India. The identification of the species is difficult because the species shares similar morphological characters with other closely related species likeBenthopanope indica(De Man, 1887). Studies in the past have reported the presence ofH. glabrafrom coastal areas of Burma to Japan. The present study reports the presence ofH. glabraon the western coast of India, which lies outside the old distribution range of the species.

scholarly journals Phylogeny of Libellula Linnaeus (Odonata: Insecta)

Zootaxa ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANK LOUIS CARLE ◽  
KARL M. KJER
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Representative Species

Phylogenetic analysis was performed on a set of 242 morphological characters. The taxon sample included 31 Libellula, and representative species from selected libeluline tribes, from all libellulid subfamilies, from all libelluloid families, from all anisopteran superfamilies, and Epiophlebia. Corduliinae was shown to be paraphyletic even among genera characterized by a well developed anal loop bisector. Sympetrini was found to be polyphyletic with Crocothemis the sister group to Libellulini. The traditional placement of Trameini, far from Libellulini is in doubt, because it is here placed as the sister group to Crocothemis + Libellulini. Kennedy’s phylogeny of Libellula was largely corroborated, with the following exceptions: the subgenera Libellula, Eolibellula, and Syntetrum form a monophyletic group which is the sister group to a clade including Belonia, Holotania, Neotetrum, and Eotainia subgenus nov. [type species Mesothemis composita Hagen]; and Eurothemis is determined to be the sister group of Ladona instead of Neotetrum. In addition we confirm Belonia to be monophyletic, and find Platetrum + Plathemis to form a monophyletic group, sister to Ladona + Eurothemis; these four subgenera together form the sister group to Libellula sensu stricto (s.s.).

Allium xinlongense (Amaryllidaceae, Allioideae), a new species from western Sichuan

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 432 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-282
Author(s):  
DENG-FENG XIE ◽  
FU-MIN XIE ◽  
SHENG-BIN JIA ◽  
HAO LI ◽  
XIN YANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
Western Sichuan ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Habitat Environment

Allium xinlongense from western Sichuan Province, China, is described as a new species. Its diagnostic morphological characters were confirmed to be valid by comparing them to those of related species, such as A. maowenense, A. chrysanthum, A. rude, A. xichuanense, A. chrysocephalum, and A. herderianum. Molecular phylogenetic analysis (combining ITS and rpL32-trnL markers) indicated that this new species is a member of Allium sect. Daghestanica. A comprehensive description of this new species is provided, including habitat environment and detailed morphological traits.

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