scholarly journals The systematics and biology of Cotesia nonagriae (Olliff) stat. rev. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae), a newly recognized member of the Cotesia flavipes species complex

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1846 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
KATE MUIRHEAD ◽  
ANDREW AUSTIN ◽  
MOHAMED SALLAM
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Life History ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Cotesia Flavipes ◽  
Taxonomic Study ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Taxonomic History ◽  
Biological Differences

The Australian species Cotesia nonagriae Olliff stat. rev. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is redescribed and formally removed from synonymy with C. flavipes based on molecular, morphological and biological differences. The taxonomic history and phylogenetic relationships of C. nonagriae with other members of the C. flavipes complex are presented and underscore the importance of molecular-based identification within this group. The biology of C. nonagriae on the native noctuid stemborer host, Bathytricha truncata (Walker), is compared with previously recorded C. flavipes life history traits. The implications of this taxonomic study relative to biological control and importation of stemborer parasitoids into Australia are discussed.

scholarly journals The Rate of Spontaneous Mutation for Life-History Traits in Caenorhabditis elegans

Genetics ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 151 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa L Vassilieva ◽  
Michael Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Mutation Rate ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Deleterious Mutation ◽  
Spontaneous Mutation ◽  
Spontaneous Mutations ◽  
Homozygous State ◽  
Mutational Effect ◽  
Biological Differences

Abstract Spontaneous mutations were accumulated in 100 replicate lines of Caenorhabditis elegans over a period of ∼50 generations. Periodic assays of these lines and comparison to a frozen control suggest that the deleterious mutation rate for typical life-history characters in this species is at least 0.05 per diploid genome per generation, with the average mutational effect on the order of 14% or less in the homozygous state and the average mutational heritability ∼0.0034. While the average mutation rate per character and the average mutational heritability for this species are somewhat lower than previous estimates for Drosophila, these differences can be reconciled to a large extent when the biological differences between these species are taken into consideration.

scholarly journals Revision of Bairdiella (Sciaenidae: Perciformes) from the western South Atlantic, with insights into its diversity and biogeography

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Pires Marceniuk ◽  
Eduardo Garcia Molina ◽  
Rodrigo Antunes Caires ◽  
Matheus Marcos Rotundo ◽  
Wolmar Benjamin Wosiacki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Taxonomic History ◽  
Inshore Waters ◽  
A New Species

ABSTRACT The sciaenid genus Bairdiella comprises a group of relatively small fishes found in inshore waters and estuaries of the western Atlantic and eastern Pacific. Despite recent analyses of the phylogenetic relationships of Bairdiella, there has been no comprehensive revision of the alpha taxonomy of the species of the genus. Bairdiella ronchus from the western Atlantic, has a complex taxonomic history, with four junior synonyms recognized. Based on morphological and molecular evidence, this study indicates that B. ronchus represents a species complex. The species is therefore redescribed and its geographic range is redefined. Bairdiella veraecrucis, which is currently recognized as a junior synonym of B. ronchus, is revalidated, and a new species of the genus is described from the Atlantic coast of Brazil. Finally, inferences are made on the diversity and biogeography of the B. ronchus species complex.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic relationships of the neon tetras Paracheirodon spp. (Characiformes: Characidae: Stethaprioninae), including comments on Petitella georgiae and Hemigrammus bleheri

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Senna Bittencourt ◽  
Valéria Nogueira Machado ◽  
Bruce Gavin Marshall ◽  
Tomas Hrbek ◽  
Izeni Pires Farias
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Sister Taxon ◽  
Taxonomic History ◽  
Relationship Of

ABSTRACT Neon tetras (Paracheirodon spp.) are three colorful characid species with a complicated taxonomic history, and relationships among the species are poorly known. Molecular data resolved the relationships among the three neon tetras, and strongly supported monophyly of the genus and its sister taxon relationship to Brittanichthys. Additionally, the sister-taxon relationship of the rummy-nose tetras Hemigrammus bleheri and Petitella georgiae was strongly supported by molecular and morphological data. Therefore, we propose to transfer the rummy-nose tetras H. bleheri and H. rhodostomus to the genus Petitella. Furthermore, Petitella georgiae is likely to be a species complex comprised of at least two species.

scholarly journals Hybridization affects life-history traits and host specificity in Diorhabda spp

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.V. Bitume ◽  
D. Bean ◽  
A.R. Stahlke ◽  
R.A. Hufbauer
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Life History ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Cross Hybridization ◽  
Evolutionary Force ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Adult Mass

AbstractHybridization is an influential evolutionary process that has been viewed alternatively as an evolutionary dead-end or as an important creative evolutionary force. In colonizing species, such as introduced biological control agents, hybridization can negate the effects of bottlenecks and genetic drift through increasing genetic variation. Such changes could be beneficial to a biological control program by increasing the chances of establishment success. However, hybridization can also lead to the emergence of transgressive phenotypes that could alter host specificity; an important consideration when assessing potential non-target impacts of planned agents. In a series of lab experiments, we investigated the effects of hybridization between three species of Diorhabda released to control invasive Tamarix (saltcedar) on life history traits through two generations, and through the third generation for one cross. Depending on the cross, hybridization had either a positive or neutral impact on development time, adult mass, and fecundity. We evaluated preference for the target (saltcedar) relative to a non-target host Tamarixaphylla (athel), and found host specificity patterns varied in two of the three hybrids, demonstrating the possibility for hybridization to alter host preference. Importantly, the overall effects of hybridization were inconsistent by cross, leading to unpredictability in the outcome of using hybrids in biological control.

scholarly journals Resolving the Taxonomic Status of Potential Biocontrol Agents Belonging to the Neglected Genus Lipolexis Förster (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Aphidiinae) with Descriptions of Six New Species

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 667
Author(s):  
Korana Kocić ◽  
Andjeljko Petrović ◽  
Jelisaveta Čkrkić ◽  
Nickolas G. Kavallieratos ◽  
Ehsan Rakhshani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
New Species ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Small Genus

Lipolexis is a small genus in the subfamily Aphidiinae represented by one species in Europe (Lipolexis gracilis Förster) and by four in Asia (Lipolexis wuyiensis Chen, L. oregmae Gahan, L. myzakkaiae Pramanik and Raychaudhuri and L. pseudoscutellaris Pramanik and Raychaudhuri). Although L. oregmae is employed in biological control programs against pest aphids, the last morphological study on the genus was completed over 50 years ago. This study employs an integrative approach (morphology and molecular analysis (COI barcode region)), to examine Lipolexis specimens that were sampled worldwide, including specimens from BOLD database. These results establish that two currently recognized species of Lipolexis (L. gracilis, L. oregmae) are actually a species complex and also reveal phylogenetic relationships within the genus. Six new species are described and a global key for the identification of Lipolexis species is provided.

Life history traits of Blaptostethus pallescens (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), a candidate for use in augmentative biological control in Egypt

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Islam S. Sobhy ◽  
Amany M. Abdul-Hamid ◽  
Awad A. Sarhan ◽  
Ahmed A. Shoukry ◽  
Nasser S. Mandour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Augmentative Biological Control

scholarly journals A note on life-history traits and conservation concerns for viviparous Australian seastars (Parvulastra parvivipara and P. vivipara)

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiran Liversage ◽  
Maria Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Life History Evolution ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Dispersal Potential ◽  
Marked Decline ◽  
Native Oyster

The asterinid seastars Parvulastraparvivipara and P.vivipara share atypical viviparous reproductive modes that have made them of interest for research on life-history evolution and population genetics. This article briefly reviews life-history traits of these endemic Australian species and information on distribution and rarity, as well as providing some additional new analysis. Almost exclusive self-fertilisation has led to extreme genetic poverty in both species and viviparity limits dispersal potential causing relatively small geographical ranges. There is some evidence that the number of intertidal boulder-fields harbouring P.parvivipara, and the overall geographical range, may have become reduced in recent years. In addition, approximately 25 % of boulder-fields with P.parvivipara have been colonised by invasive oysters (Magallanagigas). To understand potential effects of oysters on P.parvivipara, we tested for correlations between P.parvivipara abundances and cover of oyster encrustations that included this invader (native + non-native oyster shells were assessed together because they produced similar encrustations and largely could not be differentiated). Linear regression showed no evidence, however, for any correlation. For P.vivipara, population survey data from the mid 1970’s to present shows marked decline in areas of previous abundance. Parallel with this decline, the boulder habitat has experienced infill and siltation and cementing of the substratum by M.gigas, sponges and other encrusters as well as anoxia. Important future research outcomes on consequences of atypical life-history traits may be allowed by continued research on these seastars but only if their populations are able to persist within the small number of boulder-fields where they occur. Current trends may indicate a need for conservation intervention.

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