Type specimens of beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera) at the museo entomológico Francisco Luís Gallego, Medellín, Colombia

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-68
Author(s):  
PAULA A. SEPÚLVEDA-CANO ◽  
MANUEL A. RAMÍREZ-MORA
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Zoological Nomenclature ◽  
International Code ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Northeastern Region ◽  
Natural History Collections ◽  
Almost All

Type specimens are the most scientifically valuable specimens of the natural history collections, and are very important to because they represent standards of reference that provide objectivity in scientific nomenclature (IZCN, 1999). In consideration of the recommendation 72F.4 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, which indicates that the type lists should be published, we provide a list of the species of Coleoptera with types housed in the Museo Entomológico Francisco Luis Gallego (MEFLG). The MEFLG collection originated in 1937 at the Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellín is the most important insect collection of the northeastern region of Colombia. This museum contains nearly 200,000 specimens of which about 50,000 represent the order Coleoptera, a majority of them are pinned adults and some are immature stages conserved in a liquid medium. The Coleoptera have been identified to subfamily and genus, and some to species level. Almost all of them were collected in Antioquia state, and others are from different localities in Colombia or are donations by foreign institutions.

scholarly journals Primary Insect Types in the Illinois Natural History Survey Collection, Exclusive of the Collembola and Thysanoptera

1980 ◽  
Vol 32 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 55-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald W. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Zoological Nomenclature ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
International Code ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
University Of Illinois ◽  
The Past ◽  
Illinois Natural History Survey ◽  
History Survey ◽  
The University

In 1927 T. H. Frison published a list of all the insect types in the collections of the Illinois Natural History Survey and the University of Illinois and the Bolter collection. This list contained 1,067 primary types. Type-specimens in the University of Illinois have subsequently been transferred to the collection of the Illinois Natural History Survey. In the past 50 years 2,113 primary types have been added to the Survey's collection, primarily through the systematic research of T. H. Frison in Plecoptera and Hymenoptera; H. H. Ross in Trichoptera, Plecoptera, Homoptera, and Hymenoptera; H. B. Mills in Collembola; and L. J. Stannard, Jr., in Thysanoptera. The acquisitions of the personal collections of J. W. Folsom in Collembola and C. A. Robertson in Hymenoptera added numerous primary types to the Survey's collections. In addition, several active workers have periodically, or occasionally, deposited their types in the Survey's permanent collection upon completion of specific revisionary studies. Recently, Gerdes (1977) and Mari Mutt (1978) have published lists of all of the types of Thysanoptera and Collembola, respectively, in the Natural History Survey collection. In this list only primary types currently located in or on loan from the Illinois Natural History Survey collection are listed along with the original citation for each species. The literature citation for the designation of ach neotype and lectotype is also cited. To clarify the type designation within the bees of the Robertson collection, lectotype specimens have been designated by W. E. LaBerge for those species not previously designated in the literature. The genera under which the species are listed are those under which they were originally described. Where possible the sex of each type is given. The term syntype is used in the sense of Article 73c of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (1964) and replaces the term cotype used by Frison (1927). For simplicity, the within each order alphabetically, the genera are arranged alphabetically within each family, and the species are arranged alphabetically within each genus.

Into the Chamber of Horrors: A proposal for the resolution of nomenclatural chaos in the Scaphiophryne calcarata complex (Anura: Microhylidae), with a new species-level phylogenetic hypothesis for Scaphiophryninae

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4938 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-420
Author(s):  
MARK D. SCHERZ ◽  
LUCA SCHMIDT ◽  
ANGELICA CROTTINI ◽  
AURÉLIEN MIRALLES ◽  
ANDOLALAO RAKOTOARISON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Nuclear Genes ◽  
Zoological Nomenclature ◽  
International Code ◽  
Breeding Behavior ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
North Western ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Evolutionary Lineages

The genus Scaphiophryne (Anura: Microhylidae) contains at least nine species that, together with their probable sister genus Paradoxophyla, form the Madagascar-endemic subfamily Scaphiophryninae. Scaphiophryne are robust burrowing frogs with explosive breeding behavior and are characterized by a unique larval morphology, being intermediate between that of filter-feeding and generalized tadpole types. Based on tadpole morphology, the nominal subgenus Scaphiophryne can be distinguished from the subgenus Pseudohemisus, a clade occurring in arid biomes with a largely unsolved taxonomy and nomenclature. Here we combine a comprehensive molecular phylogeny of all scaphiophrynines based on five mitochondrial and two nuclear genes with a re-examination of the name-bearing type specimens of the seven species-level nomina assignable to the subgenus Pseudohemisus. Our molecular phylogeny supports monophyly of the two subgenera and assigns the enigmatic S. matsoko to the subgenus Scaphiophryne. In this subgenus, our analysis confirms all currently accepted species as independent evolutionary lineages based on concordant differentiation in mitochondrial and nuclear genes, and provides evidence for a combination of low mitochondrial divergence, distinct nuclear divergence, and high nuclear heterozygosity. Yet, contrary to previous hypotheses, we do not find evidence of ongoing hybridization. In the subgenus Pseudohemisus we find support for three clearly delimited species-level lineages, one of which contains two deep conspecific lineages that warrant further study. To stabilize the taxonomy in this subgenus, and considering the very poor state of preservation of several type series and the heterogeneity of some of them, we here designate lectotypes for the nomina: Hemisus obscurus Grandidier, 1872; Calophrynus calcaratus Mocquard, 1895; Pseudohemisus verrucosus Angel, 1930; Pseudohemisus longimanus Angel, 1930; and Pseudohemisus longimanus var. melanopleura Angel, 1934. Taxonomically, we accept Scaphiophryne brevis (Boulenger, 1896) as a well-defined species; restrict S. calcarata (Mocquard, 1995) to the southern lineage of the S. calcarata complex; resurrect Hemisus obscurus Grandidier, 1872 (previously considered to be a dubious name or nomen inquirendum) as Scaphiophryne obscura to refer to the western and north-western lineage of the S. calcarata complex; consider Pseudohemisus verrucosus Angel, 1930 as junior synonym of Scaphiophryne brevis; and consider Pseudohemisus longimanus Angel, 1930 and Pseudohemisus longimanus var. melanopleura Angel, 1934 as junior synonyms of Scaphiophryne obscura. Finally, to accelerate taxonomic progress, we (i) outline a set of criteria by which such old and ambiguous nomina can be applied to known lineages, (ii) suggest that the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature should slightly broaden the conditions under which neotypes are to be designated, and (iii) propose to redouble discussions on the introduction of the concept of the epitype to zoology. 

On the type selection and re-typification of two monitor lizard taxa (Squamata: Varanidae): Monitor bivittatus celebensis Schlegel, 1844 and Monitor kordensis Meyer, 1874; with some comments and corrections on other name-bearing type specimens

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2440 (1) ◽  
pp. 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
WOLFGANG BÖHME ◽  
ANDRÉ KOCH
Keyword(s):  
Type Material ◽  
Zoological Nomenclature ◽  
International Code ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Type Selection ◽  
Monitor Lizard ◽  
The Status ◽  
Monitor Lizards

We comment on a recently published checklist of the extant monitor lizards (Varanidae) by De Lisle (2009) which aimed also to give the repositories and catalogue numbers of name-bearing type specimens. In two out of 28 cases (i.e., Monitor bivittatus celebensis Schlegel, 1844 and Monitor kordensis Meyer, 1874) where the onomatophores could not be traced, he decided to designate a lectotype and a neotype, respectively, which, however, was not in accordance with the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN). Therefore, we regard these designations as invalid and discuss and clarify the status of further type material listed by De Lisle (2009).  Moreover, we make some additional corrections in his list.

scholarly journals Taxonomic changes resulting from a review of the types of Australian Anoplognathini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae) housed in Swedish natural history collections

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4908 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-238
Author(s):  
MATTHIAS SEIDEL ◽  
CHRIS A.M. REID
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
The Other ◽  
Type Material ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Natural History Collections ◽  
New Synonym ◽  
Senior Synonym ◽  
Taxonomic Changes ◽  
First Time ◽  
Total Type

The type material of Australian Anoplognathini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae) housed in Swedish natural history collections is reviewed, concerning three genera: Anoplognathus Leach, 1815, Amblyterus MacLeay, 1819, and Repsimus MacLeay, 1819. The species were described by G.J. Billberg, J.W. Dalman, L. Gyllenhal, C.J. Schönherr, O. Swartz, and C.P. Thunberg. The contemporary type material of W.S. MacLeay in the Macleay Museum, Sydney, is also examined as it has been overlooked by previous researchers. In total, type specimens for 12 species described between 1817 and 1822 were found in the Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet in Stockholm the Evolutionsmuseet in Uppsala and the Macleay Museum. Five of these species are valid: Anoplognathus brunnipennis, (Gyllenhal, 1817); A. olivieri (Schönherr & Dalman, 1817); A. porosus (Dalman, 1817); Amblyterus cicatricosus (Gyllenhal, 1817); and Repsimus manicatus (Swartz, 1817). The other seven species are junior synonyms, as follows (senior synonym first): A. brunnipennis = Rutela chloropyga Thunberg, 1822 (new synonym); A. olivieri = Rutela lacunosa Thunberg, 1822 (new synonym); A. viridiaeneus (Donovan, 1805) = A. latreillei (Schönherr & Gyllenhal, 1817); A. viriditarsus Leach, 1815 = Rutela analis Dalman, 1817; and R. manicatus = Anoplognathus brownii W.J. MacLeay, 1819 = A. dytiscoides W. J. MacLeay, 1819 = Rutela ruficollis Thunberg, 1822 (new synonym). Authorship of A. latreillei and A. olivieri is corrected, as noted above. Anoplognathus brunnipennis has been misidentified for the last 60 years at least, leading to the synonymy noted above. Anoplognathus flavipennis Boisduval, 1835 (revised status), is reinstated as the oldest available name for the misidentified A. brunnipennis and the types of A. flavipennis in the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, are illustrated. Lectotypes are designated for: Anoplognathus brownii, A. flavipennis, A. dytiscoides, Melolontha cicatricosa, Rutela analis, R. brunnipennis, R. lacunosa, R. latreillei, R. manicata, R. olivieri, R. porosa, R. ruficollis, and R. chloropyga. Photographs of all type specimens examined are presented for the first time. 

Six new genera of the subtribe Thioniina (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Issidae) based on type material of L. Melichar and E. Schmidt in the Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin

2020 ◽  
Vol 324 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-241
Author(s):  
V.M. Gnezdilov
Keyword(s):  
New Record ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Zoological Nomenclature ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
International Code ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
The Family ◽  
One New Species

Six new genera are erected in the subtribe Thioniina of the tribe Issini to accommodate seven American species of the family Issidae, six of which were described by L. Melichar and E. Schmidt in early 20th century from Bolivia, Brazil, Mexico, and Peru, and one new species is described from Paraguay as follows: Carimeta gen. nov. (type species: Carimeta maculipennis sp. nov.); Metopasius gen. nov. (type species: Thionia proxima Melichar, 1906); Cophteroma gen. nov. (type species: Thionia truncatella Melichar, 1906); Cyclometa gen. nov. (type species: Thionia bifasciatifrons Melichar, 1906); Memusta gen. nov. (type species: Thionia obtusa Melichar, 1906); Thiopara gen. nov. (type species: Thionia fusca Melichar, 1906). Thionia sinuata Schmidt, 1910 is transferred to the genus Carimeta gen. nov. Six new combinations are formed: Carimeta sinuata (Schmidt, 1910), comb. nov.; Metopasius proximus (Melichar, 1906), comb. nov.; Cophteroma truncatella (Melichar, 1906), comb. nov.; Cyclometa bifasciatifrons (Melichar, 1906), comb. nov.; Memusta obtusa (Melichar, 1906), comb. nov.; Thiopara fusca (Melichar, 1906), comb. nov. The lectotypes are designated for Thionia fusca Melichar, T. proxima Melichar, and T. sinuata Schmidt to stabilize the nomenclature in the studied group according to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. New record for Cyclometa bifasciatifrons from Brasil is provided. Photographs of the type specimens with original labels including Melichar’s and Schmidt’s autographs as well as drawings of all studied species are given.

Neotype of Neofelis diardi (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2110 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
PER CHRISTIANSEN
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
Zoological Nomenclature ◽  
International Code ◽  
National Museum ◽  
Clouded Leopard ◽  
Neofelis Nebulosa

The recent recognition that the clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa) is, in fact, two different species, which differ substantially with respects to craniodental and pelage morphology and genome characters, and the confusion about the initial descriptions of this taxon prompt designation of a neotype of Neofelis diardi. In this paper a neotype specimen consisting of a mounted skin, a skull, and a mandible (RMNH1981) is designated, which are housed at the National Museum of Natural History (Naturalis), in Leiden, the Netherlands. The type locality of Neofelis diardi is fixed as Palembang, Sumatra, under Article 76 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, rather than the original and erroneous locality of Java by Cuvier.

On some Type-specimens of Lepidoptera and Coleoptera in the Edinburgh Museum of Science and Art

1897 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 326-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Percy Hall Grimshaw
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
New Genus ◽  
British Museum ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Histoire Naturelle ◽  
Science And Art ◽  
Natural History Collections ◽  
University Of Edinburgh ◽  
The University

The paper dealt with fifty-two species of butterflies and nineteen of beetles, the type-specimens of which had been discovered by the author in a collection purchased by the University of Edinburgh from M. Dufresne of Paris in the year 1819, and afterwards transferred to the Museum of Science and Art. In the case of the butterflies, the species referred to were described by Godart in the Encyclopédie Méthodique, while the beetles belonged to species described by Olivier in the same work, and also in his Histoire Naturelle des Insectes—Coléoptères, published about the same time. By the comparison of these original specimens with others in the Natural History Collections at the British Museum the author has been enabled to clear up many points in synonymy, etc., which have for nearly eighty years remained doubtful and obscure. The most important results of the investigations may be summarised as follows:—One of the beetles has been found by Mr Gahan, of the British Museum, to be the type of a new genus, which is characterised in the present paper, while the specimen upon which it is founded is probably unique; it has been found necessary to rename one species of butterfly and one beetle; errors in synonymy have been corrected in the case of nineteen species; and eight species hitherto wrongly placed have been referred to their proper genera.

scholarly journals Photography-based taxonomy: Is it necessary to reform the Code, and what that exactly means?

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4247 (3) ◽  
pp. 332 ◽  
Author(s):  
EDUARDO I. FAÚNDEZ
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Zoological Nomenclature ◽  
International Code ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Thoughtful Discussion

A recent series of papers, and rebuttals, regarding Photography-based taxonomy (PBT) (Pape et al. 2016, Krell et al. 2016, Ceríaco et al. 2016, Thorpe 2017) has raised much controversy and discussion about the practice of describing new species without preserved type specimens. Although there has been thoughtful discussion upon this issue, there is still much misunderstanding, especially regarding the idea of changing parts of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999) to regulate this practice. 

scholarly journals A revision of the green Anoles of Hispaniola with description of eight new species (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae)

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunther Köhler ◽  
S. Blair Hedges
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Zoological Nomenclature ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Dichotomous Key ◽  
Molecular Genetic Data

We revise the species of green anoles (i.e., the species related to Anolis aliniger, A. chlorocyanus, and A. coelestinus) occuring on Hispaniola. Based on our analyses of morphological and molecular genetic data we recognize 16 species of green anoles, eight of which we describe as new species (A. apletolepis sp. nov., A. chlorodius sp. nov., A. divius sp. nov., A. eladioi sp. nov., A. gonavensis sp. nov., A. leucodera sp. nov., A. prasinorius sp. nov. and A. viridius sp. nov.) and three of which are raised from subspecific to species level (A. cyanostictus, A. demissus and A. pecuarius) and one is resurrected from synonymy with A. chlorocyanus (A. peynadoi). Because the six syntypes of A. chlorocyanus (MNHN 785, 787, 2007.2066–09) are conspecific with the only available syntype of A. coelestinus (i.e., MCZ 3347), we have petitioned the International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) to use its plenary power to set aside the type status of the syntypes of Anolis chlorocyanus and to allow the designation of a neotype in order to stabilize the current and long established usage of the names A. chlorocyanus and A. coelestinus. For each species we provide a standardized description of external morphology, color descriptions in life, color photographs in life, description and illustration of hemipenis morphology (if available), distribution maps based on the specimens examined, comments on the conservation status, and natural history notes. Finally, we provide a dichotomous key for the identification of the 16 species of green anoles occuring on Hispaniola.

Sogatodes brazilensis (Muir), a new synonym of S. orizicola (Muir) (Fulgoroidea, Delphacidae)

1965 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Fennah
Keyword(s):  
Zoological Nomenclature ◽  
International Code ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
New Synonym ◽  
Respective Type

A comparison of population-samples from various localities with the respective type specimens has shown that Sogatodes brazilensis (Muir) and S. orizicola (Muir) are conspecific. Under the provision of Becommendation 24A of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature the name S. brazilensis is suppressed and becomes a synonym of S. orizicola.

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