Determining and Mapping of Forest Species Using Remote Sensing and GIS in Amadiyah Province

The location indication was classified as a directed classification for all 44 species of trees present at the study site based on the projection of the tree coordinates on the false-color satellite images, which were taken from the location of these trees and their reflectivity measured in the laboratory. Where the satellite image was classified, based on the points taken for trees as field training areas, the visual output image classified by the directed classification method included 23 classes and represents the distribution of trees and shrubs at the site. The classification accuracy of vegetation and non-vegetation covers was also assessed by taking (334) ground control points for the various land targets and vegetation covers to determine this accuracy. Thus, we obtained a total accuracy of the classified statement (82.1%). This indicates that the accuracy of the overall classification is good, acceptable, and reliable. The percentage was high for all varieties, reaching (93%) for the frothy mug, weeping willow, and wild amethyst, and the lowest (75%) for olives, grassy slopes, and flat barren soils, and this was also acceptable. Through this accuracy, we can determine the extent to which the classification matches these goals and covers, and the possibility of relying on the prepared map for its future use. The number of each tree type was estimated by determining the coverage area for each tree type and the total area to cover the total type in the area using the proportional method. From this, it was found that the different types of trees differ in their presence on the site and the reason is attributed to the difference in height, direction and the different organic matter in which these types were grown and the environmental conditions appropriate to the species and that these factors have an effective role in the distribution of species and their densities in the different sites of the study area. We also noticed that the highest presence in terms of number was of edible oaks, followed by tannins oak in second place, at a rate ranging from (29.84%, 6.35%).

The prevalence of absent anterior facet of the calcaneus and a suggested convention for the naming of the configuration of the superior facets of the calcaneus

Background: The superior surface of the human calcaneus will frequently demonstrate 3 articular facets for articulation with the talus: the posterior, middle and anterior facets. All calcanei possess a posterior and middle facet. However, not all calcanei possess an anterior facet. The main purpose of this article is to identify by literature review the prevalence of calcanei which do not have an anterior facet. With review, the discrepancy by authors in nomenclature for the various types of facets on the superior surface of the calcaneus becomes quite evident. Thus, a secondary purpose of this article is to recognize the need for a standard naming convention and propose an intuitive naming scheme for the calcaneal facet types. Results: Of the 41 articles reviewed which are written in the English language and which describe absent anterior facet as a calcaneal facet type, the prevalence of calcanei lacking an anterior facet ranges from 3.3% to 4.9%. This difference in prevalence reporting depends on whether one allows “small anterior facet” specimens to be included in the total Type 3 (absent anterior facet) count. The prevalence also depends on whether data is included if an article could be considered an outlier. The total range of prevalence of absent anterior facet varies by article from 0% to 18%. Conclusion: The prevalence of absent calcaneal anterior facet is approximately 4%. Studies in the future are needed to determine whether the absent anterior facet is 1) a normal finding, 2) is helpful for the foot, or 3) is pathologic for the foot. A visually intuitive naming system of the types of calcaneal facets is proposed so as to reduce confusion in this field of study, therefore likely reducing errors. KEY WORDS: Absent anterior facet, calcaneal facet configuration, calcaneal facet types, subtalar joint.

Taxonomic changes resulting from a review of the types of Australian Anoplognathini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae) housed in Swedish natural history collections

The type material of Australian Anoplognathini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae) housed in Swedish natural history collections is reviewed, concerning three genera: Anoplognathus Leach, 1815, Amblyterus MacLeay, 1819, and Repsimus MacLeay, 1819. The species were described by G.J. Billberg, J.W. Dalman, L. Gyllenhal, C.J. Schönherr, O. Swartz, and C.P. Thunberg. The contemporary type material of W.S. MacLeay in the Macleay Museum, Sydney, is also examined as it has been overlooked by previous researchers. In total, type specimens for 12 species described between 1817 and 1822 were found in the Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet in Stockholm the Evolutionsmuseet in Uppsala and the Macleay Museum. Five of these species are valid: Anoplognathus brunnipennis, (Gyllenhal, 1817); A. olivieri (Schönherr & Dalman, 1817); A. porosus (Dalman, 1817); Amblyterus cicatricosus (Gyllenhal, 1817); and Repsimus manicatus (Swartz, 1817). The other seven species are junior synonyms, as follows (senior synonym first): A. brunnipennis = Rutela chloropyga Thunberg, 1822 (new synonym); A. olivieri = Rutela lacunosa Thunberg, 1822 (new synonym); A. viridiaeneus (Donovan, 1805) = A. latreillei (Schönherr & Gyllenhal, 1817); A. viriditarsus Leach, 1815 = Rutela analis Dalman, 1817; and R. manicatus = Anoplognathus brownii W.J. MacLeay, 1819 = A. dytiscoides W. J. MacLeay, 1819 = Rutela ruficollis Thunberg, 1822 (new synonym). Authorship of A. latreillei and A. olivieri is corrected, as noted above. Anoplognathus brunnipennis has been misidentified for the last 60 years at least, leading to the synonymy noted above. Anoplognathus flavipennis Boisduval, 1835 (revised status), is reinstated as the oldest available name for the misidentified A. brunnipennis and the types of A. flavipennis in the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, are illustrated. Lectotypes are designated for: Anoplognathus brownii, A. flavipennis, A. dytiscoides, Melolontha cicatricosa, Rutela analis, R. brunnipennis, R. lacunosa, R. latreillei, R. manicata, R. olivieri, R. porosa, R. ruficollis, and R. chloropyga. Photographs of all type specimens examined are presented for the first time.

Analisa kebijakan pemerintah Kota Tangerang Selatan terhadap pemberdayaan Koperasi dan UMKM dan dampaknya terhadap pemerataan kesejahteraan masyarakat

The purpose of this study is (1) To analyze the empowerment policies of the Cooperative and MSME sectors in order to create prosperity and economic equality, especially at the Government Level of the City of South Tangerang, (2) To see the participation of the Cooperatives and MSMEs in economic development in the South Tangerang region and (3) To position Cooperatives and MSMEs in the economic structure of South Tangerang. The method in this study is a qualitative method. Data were taken from interviews, observations and documentation. Data analysis was performed using 4 stages namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The results of this study are that the Cooperative Conditions in the South Tangerang Region in the last 3 years (2016-2018) experienced significant fluctuations. South Tangerang Cooperative experienced an increase in business volume which indicated that the South Tangerang Cooperative experienced an increase in operations, as well as a significant increase in SHU (Remaining Operating Results) in 2018 of Rp. 5,941,879,460 or an increase of 42.15% of the total SHU distribution in the previous year. While the condition of SMEs in South Tangerang experienced an increase in the total type of business from 2016-2018, Pondok Aren was the largest contributor to SMEs in South Tangerang, which was 23% of the total number of types of SMEs. The conclusion in this study is the total number of types of SME Classification as many as 33,596 from 7 districts in South Tangerang. This has a tremendous impact on the economy. Whereas in terms of cooperatives the increased business volume of cooperatives indicates an increase in operational terms while the increase in SHU (Remaining Business Results) will be useful for cooperative members to meet their daily needs. Abstrak Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah (1) Untuk menganalisa kebijakan pemberdayaan sektor Koperasi dan Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah (UMKM) dalam rangka menciptakan kesejahteraan dan pemerataan ekonomi khususnya di Tingkat Pemerintah Kota Tangerang Selatan, (2) Untuk melihat peran serta sumbangsih Koperasi dan UMKM dalam pembangunan ekonomi di wilayah Tangerang Selatan dan (3) Untuk memposisikan Koperasi dan UMKM dalam struktur perekonomian Tangerang Selatan. Adapun Metode dalam penelitian ini yaitu Metode kualitatif. Data diambil dari hasil wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan mengunakan 4 tahapan yaitu pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil Penelitian ini ialah Kondisi Perkoperasian di Wilayah Tangerang Selatan dalam 3 tahun terakhir (2016–2018) mengalami fluktuasi yang cukup signifikan. Perkoperasian Tangerang Selatan mengalami peningkatan volume usaha yang mengindikasikan bahwa Koperasi Tangerang Selatan mengalami kenaikan dalam operasionalnya, serta adanya peningkatan SHU (Sisa Hasil Usaha) yang cukup signifikan pada tahun 2018 yaitu sebanyak Rp. 5.941.879.460 atau naik sebesar 42.15% dari total penyaluran SHU pada tahun sebelumnya. Sedangkan kondisi UKM Tangerang Selatan cukup mengalami peningkatan total jenis usaha dari tahun 2016–2018, Pondok Aren menjadi kecamatan penyumbang paling banyak UKM di Tangerang Selatan yaitu sebanyak 23% dari total jumlah jenis UKM. Simpulan dalam penelitian ini ialah jumlah total jenis Klasifikasi UKM sebanyak 33.596 dari 7 Kecamatan yang ada di Tangerang Selatan. Hal ini memberikan dampak yang luar biasa dalam segi perekonomian. Sedangkan dalam segi Koperasi meningkatnya volume usaha Koperasi menandakan adanya peningkatan dalam segi operasional sedangkan meningkatnya SHU (Sisa Hasil Usaha) akan berguna bagi para anggota koperasi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup sehari-hari. Kata Kunci : Koperasi, UMKM, Pemberdayaan, Tangerang Selatan Abstract

The prognostic value of concurrent Horner syndrome in surgical decision making at 3 months in total-type neonatal brachial plexus palsy

We investigated the prognostic value of concurrent Horner syndrome for predicting spontaneous motor recovery in surgical decision making at 3 months with neonatal brachial plexus palsy. Medical records of 129 neonates with total-type brachial plexus palsy were reviewed, and clinical and follow-up data of patients with or without Horner syndrome were compared. Twenty-seven of 129 newborn babies with total-type palsy (21%) had concurrent Horner syndrome. Poor spontaneous motor recovery was observed in 21 (78%) neonates with concurrent Horner syndrome and in 84 (82%) without concurrent Horner syndrome. Concurrent Horner syndrome in neonates with brachial plexus palsy has no prognostic value in predicting poor spontaneous motor recovery of the brachial plexus in patients with total-type palsy. Level of evidence: III

Alloantibodies in von Willebrand Disease

Abstractvon Willebrand disease (VWD), the most commonly known inherited bleeding disorder, is caused by a partial (type 1) or total (type 3) deficiency or dysfunction (type 2) of von Willebrand factor (VWF). Its management encompasses the prevention or treatment of bleeding by raising endogenous VWF levels using a synthetic agent, such as desmopressin, or providing exogenous VWF concentrates. The development of inhibitory alloantibodies against VWF is a rare but often severe complication encountered during the treatment of type 3 VWD, which is associated with a lack of hemostatic response to infused VWF concentrates and more rarely with allergic, even anaphylactic, reactions. This narrative review will focus on the characteristics of such alloantibodies and their management, which can be very challenging for physicians operating at hemophilia treatment centers.

A dual-threshold knock controller

The use of a knock intensity threshold set at a relatively high level is effective for identifying knocking cycles, but results in high Type II (false negative) classification errors. Many cycles, although classified as non-knocking cycles (i.e. below the threshold), are actually operating in an undesirably high knock rate region. A traditional controller is therefore likely to advance the spark further into this region, when the correct response would be to retard the spark. In this article, a new dual-threshold knock controller is presented in which a second threshold is introduced in order to identify non-knocking cycles more clearly. This enables the advance gain to be increased without adversely affecting other aspects of the response, thereby improving the transient and steady-state performance characteristics of the controller. The threshold values can also be optimized so as to minimize the total Type I and Type II misclassification errors, resulting in a significant improvement in most aspects of the controller response.

Efficiency of lambda-encodings in total type theory

This paper proposes a new typed lambda-encoding for inductive types which, for Peano numerals, has the expected time complexities for basic operations like addition and multiplication, has a constant-time predecessor function, and requires only quadratic space to encode a numeral. This improves on the exponential space required by the Parigot encoding. Like the Parigot encoding, the new encoding is typable in System F-omega plus positive-recursive type definitions, a total type theory. The new encoding is compared with previous ones through a significant case study: mergesort using Braun trees. The practical runtime efficiency of the new encoding, and the Church and Parigot encodings, are compared by two translations, one to Racket and one to Haskell, on a small suite of benchmarks.