Larva and pupa of Nilio (Linio) lanatus Germar, 1824 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

1. Pneumococci, when freshly isolated from the body, are able to live and multiply when a small number of them are inoculated into a small amount of broth. If, however, the inoculations are made in large amounts of broth, many more bacteria must be inoculated in order that they may grow. 2. It requires much smaller numbers of pneumococci to start a growth on agar than are required to start a growth in broth. 3. This predilection for solid medium disappears when the bacteria are grown for some time outside the body. 4. This phenomenon is not dependent on differences in chemical composition between the two media employed or on the presence of more available oxygen in one case than in the other. 5. It is probably dependent entirely on physical differences in the two kinds of media, and bears some relation to the differences in possibilities for diffusion in the two media.

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New coastal and insular species of the bromeligenous Scinax perpusillus group, from the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Anura, Hylidae)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.1914.1.2 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 1914 (1) ◽

pp. 34-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

HELIO RICARDO DA SILVA ◽

RICARDO ALVES- SILVA

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Atlantic Forest ◽

Rio De Janeiro ◽

Color Pattern ◽

The State ◽

The Other ◽

Yellow Stripe

We describe a new bromeligenous species of Scinax from the perpusillus group from the Atlantic Forest of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The new species is described from three different localities, two on the continent (Municipality of Mangaratiba), and the other on an island, Gipóia (Municipality of Angra dos Reis). The new species may be easily diagnosed from all other known species in the group by the color pattern of the tadpole, by the prominent medial process between the nostrils in adults. While in all the other species the tadpole has a uniform dark brown coloration, in the new species tadpoles is similarly dark brown, but also has a yellow stripe on the head between the nostrils and the eyes.

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Punishment and the physiology of the Timaeus

The Classical Quarterly ◽

10.1093/cq/46.2.357 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. 357-370 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R. F. Stalley

Keyword(s):

Physical Health ◽

Moral Philosophy ◽

The Body ◽

The Other ◽

The One ◽

Mental And Physical Health ◽

Health And Sickness ◽

Made In

It hardly needs to be said that the parallel between mental and physical health plays an important part in Plato's moral philosophy. One of the central claims of the Republicis that justice is to the soul what health is to the body (443b–444e).1 Similar points are made in other dialogues.2 This analogy between health and sickness on the one hand and virtue and vice on the other is closely connected to the so–called Socratic paradoxes. Throughout his life Plato seems to have clung in some sense to the ideas that justice is our greatest good, that the unjust man is correspondingly miserable and that no one is therefore willingly unjust. It follows from these ideas that the unjust man, like the sick man, is in a wretched state which is not of his own choosing.

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A long-hidden pigmy shows itself again after almost a century: the rediscovery and lectotypification of Pygmaeorchis brasiliensis (Laeliinae, Orchidaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.496.3.9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 496 (3) ◽

pp. 297-300

Author(s):

MARCELO RODRIGUES MIRANDA ◽

SAMYRA GOMES FURTADO ◽

LUIZ MENINI NETO

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Forest ◽

Rio De Janeiro ◽

Minas Gerais ◽

Made In

Pygmaeorchis Brade (1939: 42) is a rare genus endemic to the Atlantic Forest in Brazil. The two known species are exclusively found in the montane areas of the Minas Gerais (MG) and Rio de Janeiro (RJ) states (Withner 1990, van den Berg 2006). The first species to be recognized, Pygmaeorchis brasiliensis Brade (1939: 43), was described on the basis of collections made in the rainforests at Serra dos Órgãos and Itatiaia (RJ). While the second, P. seidelii Toscano de Brito & Moutinho Neto (1981: 194), was found as an epiphyte on Velloziaceae in Ouro Preto (MG) (Fig. 1).

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The Analysis of Static Pose Error for a Multi-Joint Climbing Robot

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.670-671.1397 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 670-671 ◽

pp. 1397-1402

Author(s):

Lei Wang ◽

Xue Liang Huang

Keyword(s):

Error Compensation ◽

The Body ◽

Industrial Robots ◽

The Other ◽

Climbing Robot ◽

Analysis Theory ◽

In Series ◽

Angle Parameter ◽

Made In ◽

Parameter Error

The research object was a 5-joint climbing robot in series, whose structure consisted of the body links and two symmetrical end-claws. The analysis theory of industrial robots was proposed to make systematical research on the static pose error. The kinematics model of static pose error is established, according to the kinematics D-H theory. Set the claw fixed on the climbing target as the base, and then the motion was transmitted to the other claw by the 5 joints. The equations of static pose error were derived. Calculations and analysis were made in MATLAB providing the theory reference to the research on error compensation and controlling. The results indicate that angle parameter error has great affect on the end-pose error of the robot which is in proportion to the angle parameters, so measures to reduce the angle parameter error need to be made to improve the precision of robot.

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Tadpole of the hylid frog Bokermannohyla gouveai (Peixoto & Cruz, 1992)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.2418.1.3 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2418 (1) ◽

pp. 61 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

PAULO NOGUEIRA COSTA ◽

ANA CAROLINA CALIJORNE LOURENÇO ◽

PATRICIA ALMEIDA-SANTOS ◽

MONIQUE VAN SLUYS

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Forest ◽

Rio De Janeiro ◽

Minas Gerais ◽

Atlantic Rainforest ◽

Southeastern Brazil ◽

Mountain Stream ◽

Posterior Surface ◽

Parque Nacional Do Itatiaia ◽

Species Groups ◽

Taxonomic Studies

The genus Bokermannohyla Faivovich, Haddad, Garcia, Frost, Campbell & Wheeler, 2005 currently comprises 29 species that are distributed in the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes of Brazil (Faivovich et al. 2009; Frost 2010; Napoli & Pimenta 2009). This genus has recently been erected to accommodate the former Hyla circumdata, Hyla claresignata, Hyla martinsi, and Hyla pseudopseudis species groups (Faivovich et al. 2005). The Bokermannohyla circumdata group is composed by seventeen species (Table 1), all occurring mainly in mountain stream habitats in the Atlantic Rainforest, being the dark vertical stripes on the posterior surface of the thigh a putative morphological synapomorphy of this group (Heyer 1985). Despite the importance of larval characters for phylogenetic and taxonomic studies (e.g. Haas 2003), tadpoles of only seven species are formally described for this group (Table 1). Herein we describe the tadpole of B. gouveai known only from habitats above 1800 m (IUCN, 2010) in the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, States of Rio de Janeiro and Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil.

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Ciała pozbawiane powierzchni. Imago

Schulz/Forum ◽

10.26881/sf.2019.13.01 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 3-4

Author(s):

Stanisław Rosiek

Keyword(s):

20Th Century ◽

The Body ◽

The Other ◽

Outer Side ◽

Psychological Study ◽

Artistic Activity ◽

Individual Traits ◽

The One ◽

Two Stages ◽

Made In

Both drawings (the one from the first page of the fascicle and the other from the outer side of the cover) show two degrees, two stages of the decomposition of form. In the same process, bodies lose their integrity. They were shown by Schulz as a series of leaping aspects which are disconnected, hence discontinuous. The drawings were made in the 1930s. The beginning of the draughtsman’s development did not anticipate such a great catastrophe of bodily forms. In his works from the second and in part also third decade of the 20th century Schulz defined human figures precisely and unambiguously. Then, however, the proud poses which he took when drawing himself (e. g., in his narcissistic Lvov portrait) or other figures (Budracka or Weingarten) probably could not be repeated. In the final decade of his life (and artistic activity) Schulz was drawing differently, perhaps because he perceived himself and the others in a different way. The body? The draughtsman presents it as just a cluster of vibrating lines. A self-portrait? It is possible only as a psychological study, an exaggerated caricature that stresses individual traits or an icon of oneself (the big head with a hat on top, a small size). In hundreds of compulsive sketches drawn in the 1930s even those principles were not respected any more. The bodies that Schulz drew then, no matter if it was his own body or someone else’s, often approach a boundary behind which there is only trembling. Displacement and movement. Schulz’s sketches do not search for form. They are testimonies of its destruction or maybe better, its palpitation, solution and scattering. For the eye, the body is a phenomenon of the surface. It is only the reduction of distance in an act of love (or aggression) or even a common handshake that change that state. Perhaps then the problem of Schulz’s representation of the body is reduced to perception. The drawn body has no smell or weight (or taste – it is not “meaty”). One cannot even touch it. A hand that makes an attempt to touch naked women, who in Schulz’s drawings take majestic and provocative poses, touches only a sheet of paper. The drawn body exists just for the eye. Thus the last chance for the existing body is keeping its surface. Why is it then that the body from Schulz’s late drawings loses its integrity, why does it so often fall apart under our eyes? What is the body for Schulz-the draughtsman and Schulz-the writer? How does he experience his own corporeality? How does he see himself? How do others see him?

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Images of an illness : a case study of Albert R. Stone's tuberculosis photographs

10.32920/ryerson.14663604 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tasha Lin Caswell

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

Contextual Information ◽

The Other ◽

Tuberculosis Treatment ◽

Black And White ◽

Early Twentieth Century ◽

Master's Thesis ◽

Treatment Facilities ◽

Made In

This master's thesis is a case study of sixteen black-and-white photographs of tuberculosis treatment facilities in Rochester, N.Y., by local photographer Albert R. Stone. They appeared in the Rochester Herald in as two photo essays, one in 1909 and the other in 1923. The aim of my research was to provide contextual information about Albert Stone and the Rochester Herald, tuberculosis and its treatment, and how the disease was portrayed photographically, and ultimately, to determine whether Stone's photographs were typical of tuberculosis-related images. I examined them in the context of other sanatorium images and based on statements about the conventions of sanatorium photographs made by Daniel M. Fox and Christopher Lawrence in Photographing Medicine: Images and Power in Britain and America Since 1840, and concluded that they were representative of photographs of sanatoriums made in the early twentieth century.

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Images of an illness : a case study of Albert R. Stone's tuberculosis photographs

10.32920/ryerson.14663604.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tasha Lin Caswell

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

Contextual Information ◽

The Other ◽

Tuberculosis Treatment ◽

Black And White ◽

Early Twentieth Century ◽

Master's Thesis ◽

Treatment Facilities ◽

Made In

This master's thesis is a case study of sixteen black-and-white photographs of tuberculosis treatment facilities in Rochester, N.Y., by local photographer Albert R. Stone. They appeared in the Rochester Herald in as two photo essays, one in 1909 and the other in 1923. The aim of my research was to provide contextual information about Albert Stone and the Rochester Herald, tuberculosis and its treatment, and how the disease was portrayed photographically, and ultimately, to determine whether Stone's photographs were typical of tuberculosis-related images. I examined them in the context of other sanatorium images and based on statements about the conventions of sanatorium photographs made by Daniel M. Fox and Christopher Lawrence in Photographing Medicine: Images and Power in Britain and America Since 1840, and concluded that they were representative of photographs of sanatoriums made in the early twentieth century.

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Display Behavior and Spatial Distribution of the Red-Headed Manakin in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil

The Condor ◽

10.1093/condor/106.2.320 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 106 (2) ◽

pp. 320-335 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ivandy N. Castro-Astor ◽

Maria Alice S. Alves ◽

Roberto B. Cavalcanti

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Atlantic Forest ◽

Rio De Janeiro ◽

Nearest Neighbor ◽

Average Distance ◽

The Other ◽

Dispersion Pattern ◽

Mata Atlântica ◽

Display Behavior ◽

Mata Atlantica

AbstractWe studied the display behavior and spatial distribution of the Red-headed Manakin (Pipra rubrocapilla, Pipridae) in the Atlantic Forest of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The average distance between display sites was 72.5 ± 34.1 m (n = 11, range = 34.0–157.0 m). The study area included one 13-site lek and two solitary display sites. All sites of the same lek were within earshot of at least one other site. Males occupied the same display sites between years. The dispersion pattern of males is typical of exploded or dispersed leks. Males were more likely to interact with their nearest neighbor than with males from more distant display sites. Red-headed Manakin lekking behavior is remarkably complex, including 11 display elements, two of them not found in other members of the P. erythrocephala clade, nine vocalizations, and one mechanical sound previously undescribed in the Red-headed Manakin. The males performed both solitary displays and coordinated displays with other males on both their own display sites and on those of the other males. Most of the time, two definitive-plumaged males displayed together. The displays, vocalizations, and mechanical sound recorded in this study contribute to our understanding of the evolution of display behavior in manakins, mainly to the members of the P. erythrocephala clade.Despliegue de Cortejo y Distribución Espacial de Pipra rubrocapilla en la Mata Atlántica de BrasilResumen. Estudiamos el despliegue de cortejo y la distribución espacial de Pipra rubrocapilla (Pipridae) en el área de la Mata Atlántica del Estado de Río de Janeiro, Brasil. La distancia promedio entre los lugares de cortejo fue de 72.5 ± 34.1 m (n = 11, rango = 34.0–157.0). El área de estudio incluyó un lek con 13 lugares de cortejo y dos lugares de cortejo aislados. Desde un lugar de cortejo en un lek se podía oir la vocalización del vecino más próximo. Los machos ocuparon los mismos lugares de cortejo durante años, y presentaron la distribución espacial típica de los leks dispersos. Observamos más interacciones entre los machos de los lugares de cortejo más próximos. El despliegue de cortejo de P. rubrocapilla es muy complejo, incluyendo 11 elementos de cortejo (dos de ellos no descritos para otras especies del clado P. erythrocephala), nueve vocalizaciones y un sonido mecá nico, que hasta el momento, no había sido registrado para P. rubrocapilla. Los machos ejecutan despliegues de cortejo solitarios y despligues coordinados con otros machos en sus lugares de cortejo y en los de otros machos. La mayoría de las veces, el despliegue de cortejo es praticado por dos machos adultos. El despliegue de cortejo, las vocalizaciones y el sonido mecánico registrados en este estudio contribuyen al entendimiento de la evolución del despliegue de cortejo en los pípridos, principalmente en las especies que conforman el clado de P. erythrocephala.

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