scholarly journals THE COMPARATIVE VIABILITY OF PNEUMOCOCCI ON SOLID AND ON FLUID CULTURE MEDIA

1913 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 584-590
Author(s):  
L. J. Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Solid Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Made In ◽  
Fluid Culture

1. Pneumococci, when freshly isolated from the body, are able to live and multiply when a small number of them are inoculated into a small amount of broth. If, however, the inoculations are made in large amounts of broth, many more bacteria must be inoculated in order that they may grow. 2. It requires much smaller numbers of pneumococci to start a growth on agar than are required to start a growth in broth. 3. This predilection for solid medium disappears when the bacteria are grown for some time outside the body. 4. This phenomenon is not dependent on differences in chemical composition between the two media employed or on the presence of more available oxygen in one case than in the other. 5. It is probably dependent entirely on physical differences in the two kinds of media, and bears some relation to the differences in possibilities for diffusion in the two media.

Punishment and the physiology of the Timaeus

1996 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Stalley
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
The One ◽  
Mental And Physical Health ◽  
Health And Sickness ◽  
Made In

It hardly needs to be said that the parallel between mental and physical health plays an important part in Plato's moral philosophy. One of the central claims of the Republicis that justice is to the soul what health is to the body (443b–444e).1 Similar points are made in other dialogues.2 This analogy between health and sickness on the one hand and virtue and vice on the other is closely connected to the so–called Socratic paradoxes. Throughout his life Plato seems to have clung in some sense to the ideas that justice is our greatest good, that the unjust man is correspondingly miserable and that no one is therefore willingly unjust. It follows from these ideas that the unjust man, like the sick man, is in a wretched state which is not of his own choosing.

scholarly journals THE CULTIVATION OF THE LEPROSY BACILLUS FROM THE HUMAN TISSUES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE AMINO-ACIDS AS CULTURE MEDIA

1911 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles W. Duval
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tryptic Digestion ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Human Tissues

In the cultivation of Bacillus lepræ the initial multiplication outside the body cannot be obtained unless amino-acids are present in the medium. The amino-acids are believed to be essential nutritives for the initial growth of the organisms. It has been demonstrated that the primary growth of the leprosy bacilli occurs only in the presence of the products of tryptic digestion. Hence, putrefactive and other bacteria which are capable of splitting nucleo-proteids into their end acid products are, in consequence, of value in the isolation and cultivation of the leprosy bacilli. Amebæ are not necessary for securing the primary multiplication of the leprosy bacilli upon artificial media and are detrimental since they feed with avidity upon the bacilli themselves. Two methods may be employed for recovering in culture Bacillus lepræ from the tissues. In one (the direct), tryptophane or a mixture of albumen and trypsin are employed with a culture medium; in the other (indirect), bacterial species capable of digesting the albumen constituent of the culture medium are introduced into the medium. In both, the end result is identical, since they both provide for the presence of the amino-acids in the medium, without which the primary multiplication of the leprosy bacilli cannot be secured.

The Analysis of Static Pose Error for a Multi-Joint Climbing Robot

2014 ◽  
Vol 670-671 ◽  
pp. 1397-1402
Author(s):  
Lei Wang ◽  
Xue Liang Huang
Keyword(s):  
Error Compensation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Industrial Robots ◽  
The Other ◽  
Climbing Robot ◽  
Analysis Theory ◽  
In Series ◽  
Angle Parameter ◽  
Made In ◽  
Parameter Error

The research object was a 5-joint climbing robot in series, whose structure consisted of the body links and two symmetrical end-claws. The analysis theory of industrial robots was proposed to make systematical research on the static pose error. The kinematics model of static pose error is established, according to the kinematics D-H theory. Set the claw fixed on the climbing target as the base, and then the motion was transmitted to the other claw by the 5 joints. The equations of static pose error were derived. Calculations and analysis were made in MATLAB providing the theory reference to the research on error compensation and controlling. The results indicate that angle parameter error has great affect on the end-pose error of the robot which is in proportion to the angle parameters, so measures to reduce the angle parameter error need to be made to improve the precision of robot.

Larva and pupa of Nilio (Linio) lanatus Germar, 1824 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2175 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIANNA V. P. SIMÕES ◽  
HINGRID Y. S. QUINTINO ◽  
MARCELA L. MONNÉ
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Parque Nacional Do Itatiaia ◽  
Made In ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

The larva and pupa of Nilio (Linio) lanatus Germar, 1824 are described and illustrated. The larva of Nilio (L.) lanatus differs from the other known larvae of the genus mainly by the body elongate covered with black and white hairs, the head with four stemmata and the mesothorax with one pair of ventral annular spiracles. Biological observations were made in Atlantic Forest, in the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil).

scholarly journals The evaluation of culture media for the isolation ofl salmonellaell from faeces

1952 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Williams Smith
Keyword(s):  
Brilliant Green ◽  
Solid Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
The Other ◽  
Salmonella Infection ◽  
Direct Plating ◽  
Salmonella Dublin ◽  
Laboratory Cultures ◽  
Peptone Water ◽  
Tissue Fluids

The sensitivity of different culture media for isolating salmonellae from the faeces of man, dog, horse, cow, sheep, pig, chicken, duck and turkey has been investigated. Suitable dilutions of tissue fluids of animals that had died from salmonella infection, and in which the numbers of viable salmonellae could be accurately estimated, had previously been added to the faecal specimens. Tissue fluids containing Salmonella dublin, typhi-murium, thompson, cholerae-suis, gallinarum and pullorum were used.Selenite and tetrathionate media were greatly superior to liquid desoxycholatecitrate medium, liquid Wilson and Blair medium, cacotheline broth and brilliant green peptone water. By the use of either selenite or tetrathionate media it was usually possible to recover salmonellae from faecal specimens to which less than ten salmonellae had been added. They could nearly always be recovered from specimens containing 100 salmonellae.Salmonellae were more easily recovered from the faeces of some species of animals than others. For selenite, the order of ease of recovery was horse, followed by sheep, human, cow, chicken, pig, turkey, dog and duck faeces, and for tetrathionate, horse, sheep, human, dog, pig, cow, turkey, chicken and duck faeces.Selenite medium was preferable to tetrathionate for examining cow and chicken faeces but the reverse was true in the case of dog faeces; slight differences only were noted in the other species. Taken as a whole, selenite was slightly superior to tetrathionate, butbest results were obtained by the use of both media.Some types of salmonellae were easier to recover from faeces than others.Of six salmonella types, Salm. thompson was easiest to recover followed by Salm. typhi-murium, dublin, gallinarum, pullorum and cholerae-suis, in that order.Erroneous results were obtained when laboratory cultures were used instead of infected tissue fluids.It was necessary to add several thousand salmonellae to faeces before they could be recovered by direct culture on desoxycholate-citrate-agar or Wilson and Blair solid medium.Salm. cholerae-suis and Salm. abortus-ovis were exceptional in that direct plating was superior to the use of enrichment media.With lightly infected specimens an incubation period of 24–30 hr. was optimum for selenite and tetrathionate media. A longer period was detrimental with tetrathionate but not with selenite medium.The combination of selenite and solid Wilson and Blair medium was sometimes too inhibitory to permit the growth of salmonellae.There was little advantage in preparing selenite medium with mannitol instead of lactose.

scholarly journals Ciała pozbawiane powierzchni. Imago

Schulz/Forum ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 3-4
Author(s):  
Stanisław Rosiek
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Outer Side ◽  
Psychological Study ◽  
Artistic Activity ◽  
Individual Traits ◽  
The One ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Made In

Both drawings (the one from the first page of the fascicle and the other from the outer side of the cover) show two degrees, two stages of the decomposition of form. In the same process, bodies lose their integrity. They were shown by Schulz as a series of leaping aspects which are disconnected, hence discontinuous. The drawings were made in the 1930s. The beginning of the draughtsman’s development did not anticipate such a great catastrophe of bodily forms. In his works from the second and in part also third decade of the 20th century Schulz defined human figures precisely and unambiguously. Then, however, the proud poses which he took when drawing himself (e. g., in his narcissistic Lvov portrait) or other figures (Budracka or Weingarten) probably could not be repeated. In the final decade of his life (and artistic activity) Schulz was drawing differently, perhaps because he perceived himself and the others in a different way. The body? The draughtsman presents it as just a cluster of vibrating lines. A self-portrait? It is possible only as a psychological study, an exaggerated caricature that stresses individual traits or an icon of oneself (the big head with a hat on top, a small size). In hundreds of compulsive sketches drawn in the 1930s even those principles were not respected any more. The bodies that Schulz drew then, no matter if it was his own body or someone else’s, often approach a boundary behind which there is only trembling. Displacement and movement. Schulz’s sketches do not search for form. They are testimonies of its destruction or maybe better, its palpitation, solution and scattering. For the eye, the body is a phenomenon of the surface. It is only the reduction of distance in an act of love (or aggression) or even a common handshake that change that state. Perhaps then the problem of Schulz’s representation of the body is reduced to perception. The drawn body has no smell or weight (or taste – it is not “meaty”). One cannot even touch it. A hand that makes an attempt to touch naked women, who in Schulz’s drawings take majestic and provocative poses, touches only a sheet of paper. The drawn body exists just for the eye. Thus the last chance for the existing body is keeping its surface. Why is it then that the body from Schulz’s late drawings loses its integrity, why does it so often fall apart under our eyes? What is the body for Schulz-the draughtsman and Schulz-the writer? How does he experience his own corporeality? How does he see himself? How do others see him?

Measurements of the Flow Field on a 15° Semi-Vertex Angle Blunt Cone at M=8.6

1969 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-98
Author(s):  
N. B. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Mach Number ◽  
Flow Field ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vertex Angle ◽  
Blunt Cone ◽  
Pitot Pressure ◽  
Made In

SummaryMeasurements of the pitot pressure between the body and shock on a 15° semi-vertex angle, spherically blunted cone were made in the RARDE Hypersonic Gun Tunnel at a Mach number of 8·6. Using these measurements, together with the measured shock shape, the other flow field parameters were calculated. The results were compared with results of inviscid theoretical calculations for a similar cone at a Mach number of 10.

scholarly journals Profit, Entry and Changes in Concentration: The Case of the Malaysian Food Manufacturing Sector

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad-Hanapi Mohamad
Keyword(s):  
Small Groups ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Theory Of The Firm ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Food Manufacturing ◽  
Economic Analyses ◽  
Made In

One of the major concerns of the body of economic analyses surrounding the theory of the firm is whether the profit behavior of oligopolistic industries differs from that of competitive industries. Theory suggest that where small groups of sellers accounts for a substantial proportion of an industry’s output, the recognition of mutual interdependence will result years significant progress has been made in developing a theoretical model to explain concentrating impact among consumer goods industries, and a number of empirical studies have been carried out to test the hypotheses which have been advanced. The findings however, are not conclusive. The work of Ekelund and Maurice (1969) has shown that concentration has no effect on profitability. Mann, Henning and Meehan (1967) on the other hand contended that the two are intimately connected. Similar findings were recorded in the work of Comanor and Wilson (1967) as well as that of Collins and Preston (1969).  

scholarly journals II.—On an Examination of the Grave of St. Cuthbert in Durham Cathedral Church, in March, 1899

Archaeologia ◽  
1900 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.T. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Human Remains ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Great Weight ◽  
Strong Feeling ◽  
Made In

Our Fellow and Local Secretary, Canon Greenwell, has recently devoted much time, thought, and labour to the piecing together of the broken portions of St. Cuthbert's coffin that were removed from the grave in 1827. Special attention having thus been directed to the matter, it was thought desirable that another examination of the grave should be made in order to recover, if possible, some of the missing fragments. For Dr. Raine expressly states that the new coffin provided in 1827 was “deposited in the bottom of the original grave, upon a mass of broken wood, iron rings, and iron bars, the remnants of the two outer coffins of the Saint, which had been thrown into the grave.” It was further considered that an examination of the human remains might throw some light upon the longdisputed question of the identity of the body that was placed in the grave in 1542 with that of St. Cuthbert, which had for nearly 840 years been enclosed in the coffin. After many delays, caused by the strong feeling in the minds of some whose objections rightly carried great weight, it was decided that the grave should be opened, the coffin of 1542 carefully raised, the other contents of the grave taken out, and the coffin returned to its place with its contents undisturbed.

scholarly journals Non-Destructive In Situ Investigation of the Study of a Medieval Copper Alloy Door in Canosa di Puglia (Southern Italy)

Heritage ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-156
Author(s):  
Giovanni Buccolieri ◽  
Alfredo Castellano ◽  
Vito Nicola Iacobelli ◽  
Giorgio Giuseppe Carbone ◽  
Antonio Serra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Copper Alloy ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
The Other ◽  
X Ray ◽  
In Situ Investigation ◽  
The University ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Made In

This paper reports the analyses carried out on the medieval copper alloy door (1111–1118 AD) of the mausoleum of Boemondo d’Altavilla in Canosa di Puglia (Southern Italy). The studied door is the smallest medieval bronze door extant in Italy and, unlike the other Byzantine doors, was most probably made in Canosa di Puglia and not in Constantinople. Analyses were performed to assess the chemical composition of the alloy patinas using a portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF) instrument designed at the University of Salento. The experimental results suggested that the two door leaves have the same chemical composition, even if they appear different in both style and size. Furthermore, the alloy used for the door is different from the other previously-analyzed Byzantine bronze doors. The obtained results can be used in the future to compare the chemical composition of other Byzantine doors in order to better understand the manufacture of these precious artifacts.

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