Event-based biogeography of Eusarcus dandara sp. nov. (Opiliones: Gonyleptidae), an endemic species of the Northern Atlantic Rainforest of Brazil, and its closely related species

Zootaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4205 (6) ◽  
pp. 532 ◽  
Author(s):  
NÍCOLAS EUGENIO DE VASCONCELOS SARAIVA ◽  
MARCIO BERNARDINO DASILVA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Atlantic Rainforest ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Placement ◽  
Cerrado Savanna ◽  
History Of ◽  
Northern Atlantic ◽  
Event Based

Here, we describe a new species of Eusarcus and reconstruct the geographical evolution of its species group based on biogeographical event-based analysis. Eusarcus dandara sp. nov. has been recorded from Alagoas state, in northeastern Brazil, which represents an important range extension of the genus to the northern Atlantic Rainforest. We performed a cladistic morphological analysis based on new data and data from a previous systematic review of the genus to reconstruct the phylogenetic placement of the new species. This analysis resulted in six most parsimonious cladograms. We performed the biogeographical reconstruction using the Treefitter 1.3B1 algorithm for the clade of eight species that includes E. dandara sp. nov., and we tested the significance of the reconstructions. We found two alternative reconstructions depended on the differences in species relationships; both were significant (0.002 ≤ p ≤ 0.019). The phylogenetic placement of the new species is consistent with some expectations based on previous biogeographical studies of Atlantic Rainforest harvestmen. Reconstructions reveal the origin of the species group in the northeast region, in the Atlantic Rainforest plus interior and dry biomes, such as the Caatinga xeric shrubland and Cerrado savanna, with subsequent dispersal to the southeast region. Harvestmen are good models to study the historical biogeography of the Atlantic Rainforest, especially those species that are endemic, like most Eusarcus. We have demonstrated a complex history of the spatial evolution of the group and the importance of the adjacent drier biomes in the evolution of endemic organisms of the Atlantic Rainforest. 

scholarly journals Patterns of coevolution between ambrosia beetle mycangia and the Ceratocystidaceae, with five new fungal genera and seven new species

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.G. Mayers ◽  
T.C. Harrington ◽  
H. Masuya ◽  
B.H. Jordal ◽  
D.L. McNew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Placement ◽  
Ambrosia Fungi ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Divergence Dates ◽  
Morphological Variants

Ambrosia beetles farm specialised fungi in sapwood tunnels and use pocket-like organs called mycangia to carry propagules of the fungal cultivars. Ambrosia fungi selectively grow in mycangia, which is central to the symbiosis, but the history of coevolution between fungal cultivars and mycangia is poorly understood. The fungal family Ceratocystidaceae previously included three ambrosial genera (Ambrosiella, Meredithiella, and Phialophoropsis), each farmed by one of three distantly related tribes of ambrosia beetles with unique and relatively large mycangium types. Studies on the phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary histories of these three genera were expanded with the previously unstudied ambrosia fungi associated with a fourth mycangium type, that of the tribe Scolytoplatypodini. Using ITS rDNA barcoding and a concatenated dataset of six loci (28S rDNA, 18S rDNA, tef1-α, tub, mcm7, and rpl1), a comprehensive phylogeny of the family Ceratocystidaceae was developed, including Inodoromyces interjectus gen. & sp. nov., a non-ambrosial species that is closely related to the family. Three minor morphological variants of the pronotal disk mycangium of the Scolytoplatypodini were associated with ambrosia fungi in three respective clades of Ceratocystidaceae: Wolfgangiella gen. nov., Toshionella gen. nov., and Ambrosiella remansi sp. nov. Closely-related species that are not symbionts of ambrosia beetles are accommodated by Catunica adiposa gen. & comb. nov. and Solaloca norvegica gen. & comb. nov. The divergent morphology of the ambrosial genera and their phylogenetic placement among non-ambrosial genera suggest three domestication events in the Ceratocystidaceae. Estimated divergence dates for the ambrosia fungi and mycangia suggest that Scolytoplatypodini mycangia may have been the first to acquire Ceratocystidaceae symbionts and other ambrosial fungal genera emerged shortly after the evolution of new mycangium types. There is no evidence of reversion to a non-ambrosial lifestyle in the mycangial symbionts.

scholarly journals A new species of flea-toad, genus Brachycephalus Fitzinger (Amphibia: Anura: Brachycephalidae), from the Atlantic rainforest of southern Bahia, Brazil

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2739 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARCELO FELGUEIRAS NAPOLI ◽  
ULISSES CARAMASCHI ◽  
CARLOS ALBERTO GONÇALVES CRUZ ◽  
IURI RIBEIRO DIAS
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Atlantic Rainforest ◽  
Brown Stripe ◽  
Southern Bahia ◽  
A New Species

We describe a new species of flea-toad related to Brachycephalus didactylus and B. hermogenesi from the Serra Bonita mountain, an Atlantic rainforest remnant in the Municipality of Camacan, State of Bahia, northeastern Brazil, constituting the northernmost record of the genus. Brachycephalus pulex sp. nov. is mainly diagnosed by the toe II externally absent, the toe V vestigial, fingers I and IV externally absent, and an inverted depigmented v-shaped mark on chest bordered above by a dark brown stripe on each side.

Three new species of narrowly endemic snapping shrimp, genusAlpheus(Decapoda: Caridea: Alpheidae) from the Persian Gulf

2018 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 911-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Dehghani ◽  
Alireza Sari ◽  
Reza Naderloo
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Colour Pattern ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
The Third ◽  
Rock Crevice ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Snapping Shrimps ◽  
The Persian Gulf

AbstractThree new species of snapping shrimps of the genusAlpheusare described from the Persian Gulf. These belong to theAlpheus edwardsiispecies-group, which is mainly characterized by unarmed orbital hoods and the presence of dorsal and ventral notches on the palm of the major chela.Alphus ankerisp. nov. shows a close affinity toA. pacificusDana, 1852 andA. heronicusBanner & Banner, 1982 bearing no balaeniceps crests in both sexes on the dactylus of the minor chela, and the merus of the major chela of both sexes are unarmed. This species differs from the closely related species by the absence of an overhanging proximal shoulder in the major chela. The other rock crevice inhabiting species,A. mohammadpourisp. nov. is diagnosed by exhibiting sexual dimorphism in its balaeniceps crests and the armed merus of the major chela. These two characters are similar to those recorded for three sandy/rubble dwelling species:A. inopinatusHolthuis & Gottlieb, 1958,A. lobidensDe Haan, 1849 andA. australiensisBanner & Banner, 1982. This new species is distinguishable from these latter species by the shape of the minor chela and colour pattern. A coral inhabiting speciesA. abumusasp. nov. appears to be closely related toA. maindroniCoutière, 1898, showing an armed merus of the major chela and the absence of spine-like seta on the ischia of the third legs. This last new species is easily discriminated fromA. maindroniby longer antennular segments, a markedly concave frontal margin between the rostrum and orbital hood, and a different colour pattern.

scholarly journals On the Species of the Dugesia Gonocephala Group (Platyhelminthes, Turbellaria, Tricladida) from Greece

1984 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth J. de Vries
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Dugesia Gonocephala Group

Dugesia gonocephala is a species group, comprising numerous closely related species, which differ from each other in morphological and karyological aspects. In this paper known and presently described species, of the group from the eastern Mediterranean region, are reviewed. Hitherto the triclads of this region have been poorly known in comparison with their western counterparts. Yet there is a wealth of species in the area. Six well-delimited new species of the Dugesia gonocephala group are described and one further species is rescued from synonymy. The wealth of material available has also made possible an assessment of the taxonomic validity of many characters usually considered to be of importance within this difficult group.

A generic level review of Eupithecia Curtis and some closely related genera based on the Palaearctic, Nearctic and Oriental fauna (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Larentiinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3587 (1) ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
VLADIMIR G. MIRONOV ◽  
ANTHONY C. GALSWORTHY
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Group ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Status Change ◽  
Generic Level ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
History Of ◽  
Taxonomic Changes ◽  
A New Species

The history of the genus Eupithecia Curtis is reviewed, and a preliminary redescription of the genus is proposed on the basis of the Palaearctic, Nearctic and Oriental fauna. Several Asian species previously placed in Eupithecia  have been found to be anomalous. These are examined and some are placed in related genera, two of them new (Pareupithecia and Girida). A further group (the ‘subrubescens’ group) is retained within Eupithecia as a separate species group. The genus Eva Vojnits is redescribed. A new species is described in the genus Mesoptila Meyrick. Descriptions are given of all genera involved, and full lists of taxa included within them, with the exception of Eupithecia itself. Selected adults and genitalia are illustrated. Taxonomic changes proposed in this paper include: new genera Pareupithecia, Girida; new species  Mesoptila murcida; new synonymies, Emmesocoma Warren, 1907 of Mesoptila Meyrick, 1891 and Horisme sternecki Prout, 1938 of Chloroclystis chingana Wehrli, 1926; new combinations Mesoptila melanolopha Swinhoe, 1895, Mesoptila unitaeniata Warren, 1906, Mesoptila deviridata Warren, 1907, Mesoptila excita Prout, 1958, Mesoptila festiva Prout, 1916, Eupithecia eurytera Prout, 1938, Eupithecia chingana Wehrli, 1926, Pareupithecia spadix Inoue, 1955, Girida rigida Swinhoe, 1892, Girida sporadica Prout, 1932; reinstated taxon Eupithecia brevifasciaria Leech, 1897; and status change  Girida sporadica Prout, 1932.

A new fossil cricetid (Rodentia, Sigmodontinae) from northeastern Brazil with remarks on small mammal extinctions in the tropical Quaternary

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 1133-1147
Author(s):  
Simone B das Neves ◽  
Ulyses F J Pardiñas ◽  
Patrícia Hadler ◽  
Elver L Mayer ◽  
Ana M Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
Small Mammal ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
The South ◽  
Quaternary Deposits ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
Genetic Features ◽  
History Of

Abstract The rare cricetid rodent Bibimys Massoia, 1980 contains three extant species that are distributed in the lowlands of eastern South America between 35°S and 20°S and distinguished mostly by subtle morphological and genetic features. Several fragmented jaws belonging to this genus were recovered from Late Quaternary deposits located in northeastern Brazil, forming part of a rich archaeological and paleontological small mammal assemblage that has been recovered from caves in the Serra da Capivara, state of Piauí. This material is described herein as belonging to a new species, the most hypsodont member of the genus. The specimens also represent an extralimital occurrence of this sigmodontine, as the nearest extant population of Bibimys is ~1,200 km to the south. Because there are few reliable records of extinct small mammals from the Pleistocene–Holocene transition on the South American continent, in describing this new sigmodontine we extend the records of past biodiversity preserved in the Quaternary deposits of tropical South America. This new species likewise highlights that the Serra da Capivara deposits are promising for understanding the evolutionary history of cricetid rodents.

scholarly journals A NEW ANTHAXIA FROM THE AEOLIAN ISLANDS (COLEOPTERA, BUPRESTIDAE)

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 499
Author(s):  
Pietro Lo Cascio ◽  
Ignazio Sparacio
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Colour Pattern ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Aeolian Islands ◽  
Endemic Taxon

<em>Anthaxia</em> (<em>Haplanthaxia</em>) <em>flaviae</em> n. sp. from the Aeolian Islands (Italy, Sicily) belonging to the <em>A</em>. (<em>H</em>.) <em>olympica</em> Kiesenwetter, 1880 species-group is described, illustrated and compared with <em>A</em>. (<em>H</em>.) <em>scutellaris</em> (Gené, 1839), the most closely related species. From this latter, the new species differs mainly for size and body shape, colour pattern of elytrae, shape of antennomera, margin of anterior tibiae and shape of aedeagus. Some zoogeographical considerations concerning the insular distribution of this endemic taxon are briefly discussed.

A new species of Dendrophidion (Serpentes: Colubridae) from the Atlantic Rain Forest of Northeastern Brazil

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2719 (1) ◽  
pp. 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELIZA MARIA XAVIER FREIRE ◽  
ULISSES CARAMASCHI ◽  
UBIRATAN GONÇALVES
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Species Group ◽  
The State ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Atlantic Rain Forest ◽  
Basal Region ◽  
A New Species

A new species of Dendrophidion belonging to the D. dendrophis species group is described from Mata do Engenho Coimbra (08°59’S, 35°53’W; 526 m above sea level), Municipality of Ibateguara, in the Atlantic Rainforest remnants of the State of Alagoas, northeastern Brazil. Dendrophidion atlantica sp. nov. is characterized by having 154–163 ventral scales, 140–160 subcaudal scales, tail length 62.2–74.8% of snout–vent length, collar absent, head uniformly brown and dorsal ground color brown, paler on anterior third, with cream transversal lines (one half a scale long), bordered anteriorly and posteriorly by dark brown lines (one half a scale long), distributed from the neck to the tail; hemipenis single, subcylindrical, unicapitate, and unicalyculate; calyces large, well defined, papillate; a series of 12 large spines just below the capitulum, on the asulcate and lateral sides; a series of four spines, two large laterals and two small between them, in the basal region of the asulcate side of the organ body; two large spines on the lateral distal areas of the sulcate side of the hemipenial body; sulcus spermaticus centrolineal, bifurcating at the tip of the capitulum.

Fuscutata aurea, a new species in the Glomeromycetes from cassava and maize fields in the Atlantic rainforest zone of Northeastern Brazil

Nova Hedwigia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 267-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catarina Maria Aragão de Mello ◽  
Gladstone Alves da Silva ◽  
Helder Elísio Evangelista Vieira ◽  
Iolanda Ramalho da Silva ◽  
Leonor Costa Maia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Atlantic Rainforest ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Rainforest Zone

scholarly journals Review of the Eumerus tricolor species group (Diptera: Syrphidae) in Iran, with description of six new species

2020 ◽  
Vol 722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebrahim Gilasian ◽  
Jeroen Van Steenis ◽  
Mehrdad Parchami-Araghi
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Morphological Character ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Wing Vein ◽  
Closely Related Species

The species of the Eumerus tricolor species group in Iran are reviewed. Six species new to science are described from Iran, i.e., Eumerus atricolorus Gilasian &#38; van Steenis sp. nov., E. brevipilosus Gilasian &#38; van Steenis sp. nov., E. chekabicus Gilasian &#38; van Steenis sp. nov., E. ovoformus Gilasian &#38; van Steenis sp. nov., E. pilosipedes Gilasian &#38; van Steenis sp. nov. and E. vallicolus Gilasian &#38; van Steenis sp. nov. Three species, E. hissaricus Stackelberg, 1949, E. longitarsis Peck, 1979 and E. richteri Stackelberg, 1960, are newly recorded from Iran. Photographs of the species as well as illustrations of the male genitalia of the new species and closely related species are provided. An identification key to the males of the Iranian Eumerus tricolor species group is presented. A row of long posterodorsal setae on the wing vein costa basally is presented and argued as a new diagnostic morphological character for the entire Eumerus tricolor species group.

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