Paleogene and Late Cretaceous Pteropoda (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Heterobranchia) from North America

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4782 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTOPHER L. GARVIE ◽  
JAMES L. GOEDERT ◽  
ARIE W. JANSSEN
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Atlantic Coastal Plain ◽  
Early Form ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Stratigraphic Ranges ◽  
First Time

A comprehensive discussion and survey is made of all North American Paleogene and Late Cretaceous pteropods, and their systematics reviewed. From the West Coast of North America pteropod fossils have been collected from 23 localities in Washington State, and from the Gulf Coastal Plain they have been found in 40 localities. We also review earlier published specimens from boreholes in the Atlantic Coastal Plain. As a result, six new species are introduced from the Gulf Coast (Currylimacina asperita Garvie sp. nov., Heliconoides hodgkinsoni Garvie sp. nov., Limacina texanopsis Garvie sp. nov., Limacina parvabrazensis Garvie & Janssen sp. nov., Limacina pseudopygmaea Garvie & Janssen sp. nov., Cheilospicata cedrus Garvie sp. nov.) and one from Washington State (Clio gailae Goedert & Janssen sp. nov.). The geographical distribution and/or stratigraphic ranges of several species has been extended, for example, Limacina canadaensis Hodgkinson, 1992, is reported for the first time from western North America. Some species originally described from elsewhere, Altaspiratella multispira (Curry, 1982), Heliconoides bartonensis (Curry, 1965), L. karasawai Ando, 2011, L. aff. valvatina (Reuss, 1867), Creseis spina (Reuss, 1867) and Clio chadumica Korobkov, 1966, are reported for the first time from the Americas. New specimens of several poorly known species yielded additional information on morphology or biostratigraphy. It is shown that some species have longer temporal ranges in America, occurring in, or continuing into younger deposits than those in Europe. In addition to the only Cretaceous pteropod from Washington State known so far, several enigmatic species possibly representing Pteropoda are described from the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) and Danian of Texas, which allows a salient discussion on the early history of Pteropoda. An enigmatic specimen from the Eocene of Texas might represent a very early form of Gymnosomata. This analysis shows that there may be more pteropod species represented during the Late Cretaceous and Paleocene than previously suspected. 

scholarly journals Dinosaurs from the Santonian–Campanian Atlantic coastline substantiate phylogenetic signatures of vicariance in Cretaceous North America

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 210127
Author(s):  
Chase Doran Brownstein
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Atlantic Coastal Plain ◽  
Terrestrial Vertebrates ◽  
Small Juvenile ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Atlantic Coastal ◽  
Early Late

During the Cretaceous, diversifications and turnovers affected terrestrial vertebrates experiencing the effects of global geographical change. However, the poor fossil record from the early Late Cretaceous has concealed how dinosaurs and other terrestrial vertebrates responded to these events. I describe two dinosaurs from the Santonian to Early Campanian of the obscure North American paleolandmass Appalachia. A revised look at a large, potentially novel theropod shows that it likely belongs to a new clade of tyrannosauroids solely from Appalachia. Another partial skeleton belongs to an early member of the Hadrosauridae, a highly successful clade of herbivorous dinosaurs. This skeleton is associated with the first small juvenile dinosaur specimens from the Atlantic Coastal Plain. The tyrannosauroid and hadrosaurid substantiate one of the only Late Santonian dinosaur faunas and help pinpoint the timing of important anatomical innovations in two widespread dinosaur lineages. The phylogenetic positions of the tyrannosauroid and hadrosaurid show Santonian Appalachian dinosaur faunas are comparable to coeval Eurasian ones, and the presence of clades formed only by Appalachian dinosaur taxa establishes a degree of endemism in Appalachian dinosaur assemblages attributable to episodes of vicariance.

scholarly journals Prootic anatomy of a juvenile tyrannosauroid from New Jersey and its implications for the morphology and evolution of the tyrannosauroid braincase

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chase D Brownstein
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
North America ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Atlantic Coastal Plain ◽  
Western Interior Seaway ◽  
Large Predator ◽  
Atlantic Coastal

Among the most recognizable theropods are the tyrannosauroids, a group of small to large carnivorous coelurosaurian dinosaurs that inhabited the majority of the northern hemisphere during the Cretaceous and came to dominate large predator niches in North American and Asian ecosystems by the end of the Mesozoic era. The clade is among the best-represented of dinosaur groups in the notoriously sparse fossil record of Appalachia, the Late Cretaceous landmass that occupied the eastern portion of North America after its formation from the transgression of the Western Interior Seaway. Here, the prootic of a juvenile tyrannosauroid collected from the middle-late Campanian Marshalltown Formation of the Atlantic Coastal Plain is described, remarkable for being the first concrete evidence of juvenile theropods in that plain during the time of the existence of Appalachia and the only portion of theropod braincase known from the landmass. Phylogenetic analysis recovers the specimen as an “intermediate” tyrannosauroid of similar grade to Dryptosaurus and Appalachiosaurus. Comparisons with the corresponding portions of other tyrannosauroid braincases suggest that the Ellisdale prootic is more similar to Turonian forms in morphology than to the derived tyrannosaurids of the Late Cretaceous, thus supporting the hypothesis that Appalachian tyrannosauroids and other vertebrates were relict forms surviving in isolation from their derived counterparts in Eurasia.

scholarly journals Prootic anatomy of a juvenile tyrannosauroid from New Jersey and its implications for the morphology and evolution of the tyrannosauroid braincase

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chase D Brownstein
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
North America ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Atlantic Coastal Plain ◽  
Western Interior Seaway ◽  
Large Predator ◽  
Atlantic Coastal

Among the most recognizable theropods are the tyrannosauroids, a group of small to large carnivorous coelurosaurian dinosaurs that inhabited the majority of the northern hemisphere during the Cretaceous and came to dominate large predator niches in North American and Asian ecosystems by the end of the Mesozoic era. The clade is among the best-represented of dinosaur groups in the notoriously sparse fossil record of Appalachia, the Late Cretaceous landmass that occupied the eastern portion of North America after its formation from the transgression of the Western Interior Seaway. Here, the prootic of a juvenile tyrannosauroid collected from the middle-late Campanian Marshalltown Formation of the Atlantic Coastal Plain is described, remarkable for being the first concrete evidence of juvenile theropods in that plain during the time of the existence of Appalachia and the only portion of theropod braincase known from the landmass. Phylogenetic analysis recovers the specimen as an “intermediate” tyrannosauroid of similar grade to Dryptosaurus and Appalachiosaurus. Comparisons with the corresponding portions of other tyrannosauroid braincases suggest that the Ellisdale prootic is more similar to Turonian forms in morphology than to the derived tyrannosaurids of the Late Cretaceous, thus supporting the hypothesis that Appalachian tyrannosauroids and other vertebrates were relict forms surviving in isolation from their derived counterparts in Eurasia.

Regional attenuation models in Central and Eastern North America using the NGA-East database

2021 ◽  
pp. 875529302110187
Author(s):  
Jeff Bayless
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Frequency Dependence ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Site Response ◽  
Epistemic Uncertainty ◽  
Amplitude Spectrum ◽  
Active Regions ◽  
Atlantic Coastal Plain ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Anelastic Attenuation

The anelastic attenuation term found in ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs) represents the distance dependence of the effect of intrinsic and scattering attenuation on the wavefield as it propagates through the crust and contains the frequency-dependent quality factor, [Formula: see text], which is an inverse measure of the effective anelastic attenuation. In this work, regional estimates of [Formula: see text] in Central and Eastern North America (CENA) are developed using the NGA-East regionalization. The technique employed uses smoothed Fourier amplitude spectrum (FAS) data from well-recorded events in CENA as collected and processed by NGA-East. Regional [Formula: see text] is estimated using an assumption of average geometrical spreading applicable to the distance ranges considered. Corrections for the radiation pattern effect and for site response based on [Formula: see text] result in a small but statistically significant improvement to the residual analysis. Apparent [Formula: see text] estimates from multiple events are combined within each region to develop the regional models. Models are provided for three NGA-East regions: the Gulf Coast, Central North America, and the Appalachian Province. Consideration of the model uncertainties suggests that the latter two regions could be combined. There were not sufficient data to adequately constrain the model in the Atlantic Coastal Plain region. Tectonically stable regions are usually described by higher [Formula: see text] and weaker frequency dependence ([Formula: see text]), while active regions are typically characterized by lower [Formula: see text] and stronger frequency dependence, and the results are consistent with these expectations. Significantly different regional [Formula: see text] is found for events with data recorded in multiple regions, which supports the NGA-East regionalization. An inspection of two well-recorded events with data both in the Mississippi embayment and in southern Texas indicates that the Gulf Coast regionalization by Cramer in 2017 may be an improvement to that of NGA-East for anelastic attenuation. The [Formula: see text] models developed serve as epistemic uncertainty alternatives in CENA based on a literature review and a comparison with previously published models.

First Report of Powdery Mildew on Corylus avellana caused by Phyllactinia guttata in Washington State

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sierra Hartney ◽  
Dean A. Glawe ◽  
Frank Dugan ◽  
Joseph Ammirati
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Corylus Avellana ◽  
Washington State ◽  
State University ◽  
Washington State University ◽  
Ornamental Tree ◽  
Western Washington ◽  
The University ◽  
First Time

Contorted hazelnut is an ornamental tree introduced to North America from Europe. In the fall of 2004 and 2005, powdery mildew caused by Phyllactinia guttata (Wallr.:Fr.) Lév. was observed on contorted hazelnut (‘contorta’) located on the campus of Washington State University, Pullman, and on several C. avellana trees (unknown cultivar) on the campus of the University of Washington, Seattle. This report documents for the first time the occurrence of P. guttata on C. avellana in both eastern and western Washington. Accepted for publication 18 October 2005. Published 21 November 2005.

Escalation in Late Cretaceous-early Paleocene oysters (Gryphaeidae) from the Atlantic Coastal Plain

Paleobiology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory P. Dietl ◽  
Richard R. Alexander ◽  
Walter F. Bien
Keyword(s):  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Selective Advantage ◽  
Atlantic Coastal Plain ◽  
Independent Evidence ◽  
Evolutionary Response ◽  
Frequency Independent ◽  
Early Paleocene ◽  
Surface Ornamentation ◽  
Atlantic Coastal

More than 1600 valves of Late Cretaceous and early Paleocene Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain gryphaeid oysters (Exogyrinae and Pycnodonteinae) were examined for breakage-induced shell repair and morphologic variability to evaluate the hypothesis of escalation. The Exogyrinae show disproportionately higher average repair frequency (0.41) relative to the ecologically and functionally similar unornamented pycnodonts (0.19). An increase in repair frequency (independent evidence of the action of a selective agent, e.g., predation) through the stratigraphic interval supports escalation. Variation in repair frequencies may reflect differences in oyster morphology and in the strength and diversity of shell crushers across an onshore-offshore gradient. Escalation of antipredatory adaptation characterized the evolutionary response of gryphaeid oysters to their durophagous predators. Adaptation generally occurred by the enhancement of existing traits in both oyster lineages. Characters that confer a selective advantage against predators are not all expressed or improved concurrently in both oyster lineages. Morphologic adaptations to minimize shell breakage include the development of expansive, broad commissural shelves, thickened valves, and surface ornamentation (Exogyrinae). Surface ornament in the Exogyrinae gradually increased with time. For some characters, such as thickness, conflicting functional demands (e.g., valve stabilization) may have limited adaptation to predators.

Remains of Clidastes Cope, 1868, an unexpected mosasaur in the upper Campanian of NW Germany

2005 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.W. Caldwell ◽  
C.G. Diedrich
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Vertebral Column ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Anterior Part ◽  
Western Interior Seaway ◽  
Southern Sweden ◽  
Nw Germany ◽  
The Village ◽  
Upper Campanian

AbstractThe mosasaurine Clidastes sp. is recognised from cranial and post-cranial remains collected at four localities in NW Germany. Cranial material was found in pelagic turbiditic marls which crop out near the village of Beckum, while post-cranial skeletal elements were collected from sandy limestones exposed near the villages of Schöppingen, Coesfeld and Billerbeck. In stratigraphic order, the units producing these specimens of Clidastes are the Coesfeld, Baumberge and Beckum formations of late Campanian (Late Cretaceous) age. The cranial material comprises the anterior part of a skull and a single isolated tooth, while post-cranial bones comprise a few isolated vertebrae and a partial skeleton including forelimb bones and an articulated vertebral column. Clidastes is known to date from the western North Sea Basin (England), southern Sweden, as well as from North America (Western Interior Seaway and Gulf Coast).

New Eclipidrilus species (Annelida, Clitellata, Lumbriculidae) from southeastern North America

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3194 (1) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEVEN FEND ◽  
DAVID R. LENAT
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Atlantic Coastal Plain ◽  
Middle Atlantic ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Atlantic Coastal ◽  
Plain Streams ◽  
Coastal Plain Streams

Three new species of Lumbriculidae from southeastern North America are attributed to Eclipidrilus Eisen. All are small worms (diameter 0.2–0.5 mm), having semi-prosoporous male ducts with the atria in X, and spermathecae in IX. Eclipidrilus breviatriatus n. sp. and E. microthecus n. sp. have crosshatched atrial musculature, similar to some E. (Eclipidrilus) species, but they differ from congeners in having small, compact spermathecal ampullae. Eclipidrilus macphersonae n. sp. has a single, median atrium and spermatheca. The new species have been collected only in Sandhills and Middle Atlantic Coastal Plain streams of North Carolina.

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