Species delimitation of the praying mantis Hierodula patellifera (Audinet-Serville) based on morphological and molecular characters (Mantodea: Mantidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4951 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-158
Author(s):  
JAEIL SHIM ◽  
HAECHUL PARK ◽  
SEONGHYUN KIM ◽  
HO-JONG JU ◽  
JEONG-HUN SONG
Keyword(s):  
Species Delimitation ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Gene Tree ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Neighbor Joining ◽  
Praying Mantis ◽  
Taxonomic Analysis ◽  
Molecular Characters

An integrative taxonomic analysis of Hierodula patellifera (Audinet-Serville) is presented based on morphological and molecular characters (COI, 28S rDNA). During repeated trips to the Korean peninsula, we collected unusual specimens from Wanju-gun. They were similar to H. patellifera, but can be distinguished by a larger body size, the number and shape of spines on foreleg, and the shape of male genitalia. To examine the phenotypes and delimit H. patellifera from fourteen sampled populations, we used forecoxal spines and male genitalia as key morphological characters, as well as molecular data including gene tree monophyly and genetic divergence data. The molecular analyses (p-distance, neighbor-joining, and parsimony analyses) did not separate the specimens as two distinct species. The diagnostic characters of H. patellifera are illustrated with habitus images. 

Phylogeny and evolution of male genitalia within the praying mantis genus Tenodera (Mantodea:Mantidae)

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana Jensen ◽  
Gavin J. Svenson ◽  
Hojun Song ◽  
Michael F. Whiting
Keyword(s):  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Optimality Criteria ◽  
Praying Mantis ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogeny And Evolution ◽  
First Time

The mantis genus Tenodera is composed of several species distributed across Africa, Asia and Australasia, along with recent human introductions to North America. Species of the genus are morphologically similar and utilise equivalent habitats across their distribution. Relationships among these species and the morphological characters used to diagnose them have never been formally tested, leaving authors to disagree as to the species composition of Tenodera. With DNA sequence data from five molecular loci and morphological characters from male genitalia, we reconstructed the phylogeny of Tenodera using multiple optimality criteria. All included species were found to be monophyletic in analyses of the combined data. Tenodera sinensis and T. bokiana were both supported as distinct species recovered in separate clades, resolving confusion as to their placement and classification. Our analysis identified a previously undescribed species of Tenodera collected in India, recovered as sister to T. aridifolia and T. sinensis, and exhibiting distinct male genital morphology. In light of the phylogeny, we characterise for the first time, and investigate the evolution of, the male genitalia, which allowed us to discover several transitions in structural forms. We also consider the connection of these transitions to sexual cannibalism and how this behaviour may have led to rapid evolution of the male genitalia.

Species delimitation of colour polymorphic Cladophorus (Coleoptera: Lycidae) from New Guinea

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4320 (3) ◽  
pp. 505 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROMANA KALOUSOVA ◽  
LADISLAV BOCAK
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Species Delimitation ◽  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Dna Fragment ◽  
Colour Patterns

Cladophorus Guérin-Méneville, 1830 are endemic Papuan net-winged beetles which take part in highly diverse Müllerian mimicry rings. Available specimens were sequenced for cox1–tRNA-Leu–cox2 mitochondrial DNA fragment and the species delimitations were based on the genetic distance, phylogenetic analysis, and morphology. Three earlier described species were identified in the recently collected material and further 10 species are described: C. pallescens sp. nov., C. bicolor sp. nov., C. craterensis sp. nov., C. motykai sp. nov., C. mindikensis sp. nov., C. kailakiensis sp. nov., C. manokwarensis sp. nov., C. haiaensis sp. nov., C. humeralis sp. nov., and C. boceki sp. nov. DNA-based identifications provided some ambiguous results and closely related species could not be robustly delimited using solely molecular data. Additionally, the species limits were based on clearly defined morphological characters and the morphological differentiation was found unlinked from the genetic divergence. Colour patterns cannot be used for identification because all species available in more specimens were polymorphic and followed various local co-mimics. The Papuan fauna of Cladophorus is very diverse and the closely related species regularly occur in limited regions. Differentiation within restricted ranges is therefore considered as the main speciation mode. 

scholarly journals Beyond the carapace: skull shape variation and morphological systematics of long-nosed armadillos (genus Dasypus)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lionel Hautier ◽  
Guillaume Billet ◽  
Benoit De Thoisy ◽  
Frédéric Delsuc
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Guiana Shield ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
Skull Morphology ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Skull Shape ◽  
Shape And Size

Background. The systematics of long-nosed armadillos (genus Dasypus) has been mainly based on a handful of external morphological characters and classical measurements. Here, we studied the pattern of morphological variation in the skull of long-nosed armadillos species, with a focus on the systematics of the widely distributed nine-banded armadillo (D. novemcinctus). Methods. We present the first exhaustive 3D comparison of the skull morphology within the genus Dasypus, based on µCT-scans. We used geometric morphometric approaches to explore the patterns of the intra- and interspecific morphological variation of the skull with regard to several factors such as taxonomy, geography, allometry, and sexual dimorphism. Results. We show that the shape and size of the skull vary greatly between Dasypus species, with D. pilosus representing a clear outlier compared to other long-nosed armadillos. The study of the cranial intraspecific variation in D. novemcinctus evidences clear links to the geographic distribution and argue in favour of a revision of past taxonomic delimitations. Our detailed morphometric comparisons detected previously overlooked morphotypes of nine-banded armadillo, especially a very distinctive unit circumscribed to the Guiana Shield. Discussion. As our results are congruent with recent molecular data and analyses of the structure of paranasal sinuses, we propose that D. novemcinctus should be regarded either as a polytypic species (with three to four subspecies) or as a complex of several distinct species.

Conflict and congruence between morphological and molecular data: revision of the Merodon constans group (Diptera : Syrphidae)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ante Vujić ◽  
Snežana Radenković ◽  
Laura Likov ◽  
Andrijana Andrić ◽  
Marina Janković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
The Status ◽  
Data Revision

We revise the Merodon constans species group of the genus Merodon Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Syrphidae), provide morphological diagnosesand descriptions, as well as an illustrated key and a discussion on the different taxonomic characters used. In total, 15 species were studied, their geographic distributions are presented on maps, and nine new species are described. Two species are redefined and neotypes are designated, lectotypes are designated for five species, and onespeciesis reinstated as valid. Following a detailed study of type material in different entomological collections, the status of several species is revised and three new synonymies are proposed. The M. constans species group was resolved as being monophyletic within the M. albifrons lineage based on molecular analyses using COI and 28S rRNA gene sequences. Three species morphologically similar to M. constans (Rossi, 1794) but occurring outside its distributional rangewere supported as being valid and distinct species on the basis of molecular data, but they were not distinguishable based on morphological characters. By contrast, continental populations of M. analis Meigen, 1822 could not be separated from Mediterranean M. constans based on differences in COI or 28S rRNA genes. The same molecular markers could not discriminate between two other species pairs. We conclude that these molecular markers only partially resolve species within the M. constans group. Geometric morphometry of wing shape successfully separated M. analis and M. constans, as well as M. spineus Vujić, Šašić Zorić & Likov, sp. nov. in both species and population analyses.

A revision of the Trimeresurus puniceus-complex (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae) based on morphological and molecular data

Zootaxa ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 1293 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
PATRICK DAVID ◽  
GERNOT VOGEL ◽  
S. P. VIJAYAKUMAR ◽  
NICOLAS VIDAL
Keyword(s):  
Species Concept ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Biological Species ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Biological Species Concept ◽  
Phylogenetic Species Concept ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
A New Species

The brown Asian pitvipers of the genus Trimeresurus related to Trimeresurus puniceus (informal Trimeresurus puniceus-complex) are revised on the basis of morphological and molecular analyses. Variation in morphological characters were investigated among 119 specimens from 62 populations of the whole range of the pitvipers currently known as Trimeresurus puniceus (Boie, 1827), Trimeresurus borneensis (Peters, 1872) and Trimeresurus brongersmai Hoge, 1969. Molecular and morphological analyses clearly differentiate two groups of taxa, referrable to the informal Trimeresurus puniceus-group and Trimeresurus borneensis-group, and confirm the distinct specific status of T. puniceus and T. borneensis. Morphological univariate and multivariate analyses differentiate six clusters of populations that are morphologically diagnosable, of which five are here considered to represent independent lineages and one is placed incertae sedis pending the availability of further specimens. These clusters are considered to be distinct species following the Biological Species Concept and the Phylogenetic Species Concept. One of them is described as a new species, Trimeresurus andalasensis spec. nov. (T. borneensis-group), which includes populations from northern Sumatra. Trimeresurus wiroti Trutnau, 1981 is revalidated to accommodate populations from Thailand and West Malaysia. Trimeresurus borneensis is here considered endemic to Borneo. Trimeresurus puniceus is known from Java and from South Sumatra, but the taxonomy of this species in Sumatra is left unresolved. Also left unresolved is the taxonomic position of specimens from western Sumatra and the Mentawai Archipelago, and from the Natuna Islands and Anamba Islands. Although belonging to the T. puniceus-group, they show some differences to other specimens of the group. They are not referred to any taxon pending the collection of additional specimens. Lastly, Trimeresurus brongersmai is confirmed as a valid species from the Mentawai Archipelago. A key to these taxa is provided.

Molecules and morphology in basidiomycete phylogeny

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (S1) ◽  
pp. 684-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. McLaughlin ◽  
M. E. Berres ◽  
L. J. Szabo
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Evolution ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Convergent Evolution ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Large Subunit Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Molecular Characters

To obtain an understanding of the relationships of the basidiomycetes, especially those with horizontally partitioned metabasidia, and of the evolution of structural characters, members of nine orders and an additional four genera of simple-septate fungi (Auriculariales sensu lato) were studied using cladistic analysis of light microscopic and ultrastructural characters. Comparisons were made with the nucleotide sequence from the 5′ end of the nuclear large subunit ribosomal RNA gene analyzed with several algorithms, including parsimony and maximum likelihood. Analyses of both morphological and molecular characters support similar phylogenetic conclusions, but polarization of some morphological characters was difficult without guidance from molecular data. The Uredinales are shown to be an advanced taxon arising from the simple-septate Auriculariales sensu lato, and some characters that they share with the ascomycetes result from convergent evolution. The simple-septate Auriculariales consists of more than one clade, and the related gasteroid Pachnocybe ferruginea possesses numerous derived light microscopic characters, including holobasidia. Key words: basidiomycetes, character evolution, cladistics, molecular evolution, phylogeny.

scholarly journals Campanula teutana, a new isophyllous Campanula (Campanulaceae) from the Adriatic region

Phytotaxa ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 162 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandro Bogdanović ◽  
Salvatore Brullo ◽  
Ivana Rešetnik ◽  
Zlatko Satovic ◽  
Zlatko Liber
Keyword(s):  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Comparative Morphology ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Floral Characters ◽  
Adriatic Region

The Balkan Peninsula and the amphi-Adriatic region are biodiversity centres with a high number of Campanula species, some of them with restricted and isolated distributions. Among those is the morphologically, karyologically and genetically well-defined linage of isophyllous Campanula species of the garganica clade, taxonomically treated as Campanula ser. Garganicae. In the central Adriatic, on the Island of Vis (Croatia), an isophyllous Campanula was found growing in rocky crevices of calcareous sea cliffs among chasmophytic vegetation with extremely challenging ecological conditions. Based on morphological characters (monopodial growth form, cordate to ovate basal leaves, campanulate corolla, presence of obtuse hairs at the base of filaments, capsule opening by basal pores and brown shiny seeds) the unidentified plant from the Island of Vis falls into ser. Garganicae. To establish the phylogenetic position and relationships of the unknown Campanula among other species of the garganica clade, nuclear ITS and chloroplast trnL-F sequences as well as comparative morphology, karyology and scanning electron microscopy of seeds were used. Due to its campanulate corolla the plants from Vis are morphologically close to C. portenschlagiana from the eastern Adriatic, from which they differ in several quantitative floral characters. The karyological analysis revealed a diploid chromosome number (2n = 34), while SEM analysis showed that seed coat of new taxon has weakly striate testa, thin wavy striped radial walls and slightly marked lumen. Additionally, molecular data show that the Vis taxon is clearly separated as a distinct species from other species of ser. Garganicae. Therefore, it is described and illustrated as a new species, Campanula teutana Bogdanović & Brullo.  Because of the small number of individuals within the single population, C. teutana should be included on the Red List of the vascular flora of Croatia as an endangered species (EN).

scholarly journals Morphological and molecular characterization of Xiphinema species from Shenzhen, China

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Zeng ◽  
W. Ye ◽  
Z. Zhang ◽  
H. Sun ◽  
L. Yong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acacia Mangium ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Biodiversity Survey ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Nematode Biodiversity ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Characterization ◽  
Partial 18S

Summary During a nematode biodiversity survey from 2012 to 2014 in Shenzhen, China, ten nematode populations (SZX1301–SZX1310) of Xiphinema were recovered from rhizosphere of different plants, namely Acacia mangium (SZX1306), A. confuse (SZX1309), Blechnum orientale (SZX1301, SZX1302, SZX1307, SZX1308), Litchi chinensis (SZX1304, SZX1310) in Tianxinshan and Gleichenia linearis (SZX1303, SZX1305) in Yangmeikeng environmental monitoring sites. Morphological and molecular profiles of these populations were determined. Three species of Xiphinema, i.e., X. hunaniense Wang & Wu, 1992, X. brasiliense Lordello, 1951 and X. americanum Cobb, 1913 sensu lato were identified using morphological characters and molecular data of partial 18S and 28S D2–D3 rDNA expansion segments. Four populations (SZX1301–SZX1304) were X. hunaniense, one population (SZX1305) X. brasiliense, and five populations (SZX1306–SZX1310) X. americanum s.l.. Phylogenetic analysis based on sequences of the 28S rDNA D2–D3 expansion segment revealed these three species are all distinct species and supported a close relationship with their corresponding species. This is the first report of X. hunaniense, X. brasiliense and X. americanum s.l. in their hosts except for L. chinensis.

Taxonomy of the Oulimnius tuberculatus species group (Coleoptera: Elmidae) based on molecular and morphological data

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2670 (1) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
FEDOR ČIAMPOR JR. ◽  
JÁN KODADA
Keyword(s):  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit ◽  
16S Rna ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase

Two mitochondrial (cytochrome oxidase subunit I, 16S RNA) and one nuclear (18S RNA) gene fragments were used to analyse relationships within the Oulimnius tuberculatus species group. The results of molecular data analysis are compared with morphological characters, and the distributional patterns and taxonomic status of recognized taxa are addressed. Based on molecular data, Oulimnius perezi is re-validated as a distinct species, and the discovery of a possible new species from northwest Italy is reported. The possible origins and times of speciation within the species group are discussed.

A new species of the genus Kodaianellissus Wang, Bourgoin & Zhang (Hemiptera: Issidae) with morphological and molecular data

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4731 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-274
Author(s):  
KAMRAN SOHAIL ◽  
WEIJIAN HUANG ◽  
YALIN ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
First Record ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
A New Species

Kodaianellissus gibbusis sp. nov. is described from Rawlakot, Azad Jammu & Kashmir (Pakistan), which is first record of the genus Kodaianellissus Wang, Bourgoin & Zhang, 2017 from the country. Morphological characters including male genitalia structure are described and illustrated. A checklist and key to all species of Kodaianellissus are provided. A molecular analysis with morphological characters indicates its placement into the Kodaianellissus. 

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