Revised nomenclature of the sea pen genus Balticina Gray, 1870 (= Halipteris Kölliker, 1870) (Anthozoa: Octocorallia)

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4966 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-244
Author(s):  
CARLOS DANIEL PÉREZ ◽  
RALF TARCISO SILVA CORDEIRO ◽  
GARY C. WILLIAMS ◽  
PAULA BRAGA GOMES
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Zoological Nomenclature ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
International Code ◽  
Extensive Literature Review ◽  
Valid Genus ◽  
Family Names ◽  
Taxonomic History

The pennatulacean genus Balticina has had a long and confusing taxonomic history, with serious nomenclatural problems that remain unresolved. Owing to disagreements about authorships and dates of publication, the names Pavonaria, Norticina and Halipteris have all been used as valid in place of Balticina, or else been regarded as its junior synonyms, even simultaneously. In this paper, after an extensive literature review, we determine the authorships and dates for all the taxa involved in accordance with the provisions of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature and establish Balticina Gray, 1870 (=Halipteris) and Balticinidae Balss, 1910 (=Halipteridae) as the valid genus and family names, respectively, for this group of sea pens. We also propose the replacement name Rakollikeria for the preoccupied genus name Pavonaria Kölliker, 1870 (Balticinidae) (nec Schweigger, 1819 - Funiculinidae). 

A case of an unjustified Aphid name emendation 

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4567 (3) ◽  
pp. 598
Author(s):  
OMAR M. ENTIAUSPE-NETO ◽  
ARTHUR DIESEL ABEGG
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Zoological Nomenclature ◽  
Spelling Error ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
International Code ◽  
Vast Array ◽  
Personal Names ◽  
Intentional Change ◽  
Specific Epithets ◽  
Genitive Case

The norms regarding validity and formulation of specific epithets in Zoology are ruled by the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999), a published convention of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, that operates under a vast array of underlying nomenclatural principles. One of its components is Article 31, which rules upon the formation of specific or subspecific epithets for personal names, by the use of nomina (sensu Dubois 2007) under genitive case. As discussed by Dubois (2007), this has erroneously led several authors to assume that the aforementioned nomina should exclusively end in “-i” if dedicated to a man (or -orum, for plural), and in “-ae” if dedicated to a woman (or -arum, for plural) (being also important to state that this provision is sensitive on whether the chosen nomina is a modern personal name (Art. 31.1.2) or not (Art. 31.1.1)), leading to several independent proposed emendations to these names, which authors have considered as “wrong”, under the Code; the author then, proceeds to conduce a careful and extensive literature review on matter, proposing an amendment to the Code, correcting several unjustified emends, and highlighting that “[...] the stem of such a nomen is determined by the action of the original author when forming the genitive, and should be preserved by subsequent authors. Any subsequent demonstrably intentional change in the stem or ending of this nomen, other than correction of an inadvertent spelling error, must be considered an unjustified emendation [...]” (Dubois 2007: 64). 

Die kognitive Legitimität aus Kundensicht im Kontext neuer Unternehmen

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Lohrmann
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Extensive Literature Review ◽  
New Business ◽  
Potential Customers ◽  
Cognitive Legitimacy

Customer cognitive legitimacy is an important factor in a new business venture’s survival. Based on an extensive literature review of customer cognitive legitimacy, this book examines the consistent conceptualisation of the concept and its dimensional structure. This consistent conceptualisation facilitates the development of the reliable and valid three-dimensional customer cognitive legitimacy scale in 10 studies. The scale is based on potential customers’ interest in acquiring knowledge about a product and the company responsible for it, their perception of the company’s and the product’s future, and their perception of how competent the company’s managers are.

scholarly journals Taman Mini Indonesia Indah sebagai Bagian dari Fenomena Taman Budaya Dunia

Humaniora ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 455
Author(s):  
Anak Agung Ayu Wulandari
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Theme Park ◽  
Theme Parks ◽  
Educational Value ◽  
European Model ◽  
Extensive Literature Review ◽  
Worldwide Phenomenon

Cultural display in an open space or known as cultural parks appears rapidly as a worldwide phenomenon. From the European model which has a strong educational value, to the Asian parks which not only has educational function, but also has recreational purposes. So many types and characteristics of these parks, researches give them different names, thodse are Open-air museums, Ethnographic Theme Parks or even Theme Parks. Taman Mini Indonesia Indah as a part of this phenomenon was built first and foremost for educational purposes, therefore Taman Mini can be considered as an open-air museum. However, since Taman Mini also has recreational purposes, others can argue that Taman Mini is a theme park. Qualitative method will be used for this research, through observation to Taman Mini Indonesia Indah, followed by extensive literature review. With these data along with a table which points out the distinction between museum and theme parks. It can  be concluded that Taman Mini is a Theme Park.   

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Rosenmeier
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Chinese Literature ◽  
Popular Literature ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Republican Period ◽  
Extensive Literature Review ◽  
Chinese Studies ◽  
Shanghai School ◽  
New Literature

This chapter provides an introduction to Xu Xu and Wumingshi and covers the book’s structure and methodology. It critiques the various terms that are used in both English and Chinese studies to categorise popular Chinese literature in the Republican period and it discusses the basis of the established divide between elite “new literature” (xin wenxue) and the much-castigated popular literature in China. It is argued that the term “Shanghai School” (haipai), a concept covering Shanghai popular literature from the 1920s to the 1940s, is too broad to be useful in analysing literature from this period or distinguishing between literary trends. The chapter also contains an extensive literature review, covering both English and Chinese works as they pertain to this study.

scholarly journals What Future for the Green Bond Market? How Can Policymakers, Companies, and Investors Unlock the Potential of the Green Bond Market?

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline Deschryver ◽  
Frederic de Mariz
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Bond Market ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Market Data ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Extensive Literature Review ◽  
Global Standards

The green bond market is attracting new issuers and a more diversified base of investors. However, the size of the green bond market remains small compared to the challenges it is meant to address and to the overall traditional bond market. This paper is based on a unique methodology combining an extensive literature review, market data analysis, and interviews with a large spectrum of green bond market participants. We identify the current barriers explaining the lack of scalability of the green bond market: a deficit of harmonized global standards; risks of greenwashing; the perception of higher costs for issuers; the lack of supply of green bonds for investors; and the overall infancy of the market. This paper makes several recommendations to overcome these obstacles and unlock the full potential of green bonds to finance sustainability goals.

Bicarinellata a new name for Bicarinella Rode, Lieberman, and Rowell, 2003 (Arthopoda, Bradoriida) preoccupied by Bicarinella Waterhouse, 1966 (Mollusca, Gastropoda) and Bicarinella Akopyan, 1976 (Mollusca, Gastropoda)

2008 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 1220-1220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alycia L. Stigall
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Type Species ◽  
East Antarctica ◽  
Zoological Nomenclature ◽  
Early Cambrian ◽  
International Code ◽  
New Name ◽  
Valid Genus ◽  
The One

The genus Bicarinella Rode et al., 2003 was erected for a new hipponicharionid bradoriid species described from the early Cambrian of East Antarctica, characterized by a subtriangular carapace with prominent anterior and posterior lobes developed as two distinctive, sharp ridges (bi = two, carina = ridges). Unfortunately, the name Bicarinella is preoccupied by two different gastropod genera: Bicarinella Waterhouse 1966, a Permian gastropod from New Zealand and Australia, and Bicarinella Akopyan 1976, a gastropod from Late Cretaceous strata of Armenia, Serbia, Romania, Tajikistan, and Egypt (Mennessier, 1994; Banjac, 1998; Pana, 1998). Mennessier (1994) transferred Bicarinella Akopyan, 1976 from its original status as an independent taxon to a subgenus of Pseudomesalia Douvillé 1916, but subsequent workers have continued to consider Bicarinella a valid genus (Pena, 1998; Banjac, 1998). Due to the preoccupation, the bradoriid genus is herein renamed in accordance with the requirement of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (1999, article 60). It is also noted here that the one of the two distinct gastropod genera should be renamed. The name Bicarinellata (bi = two, carina = ridges) is proposed as a replacement name for Bicarinella Rode et al., 2003. This name retains the original prefixes to preserve taxonomic stability as much as possible. The type species of Bicarinellata is B. evansi by original designation (Rode et al., 2003).

Gas Turbine Using In Situ Combustion

2016 ◽  
Vol 859 ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
Cleopatra Florentina Cuciumita ◽  
Ionuţ Porumbel ◽  
Sterian Dănăilă
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Extensive Literature Review ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustion ◽  
New Research

The paper presents the background and objectives of a new research project carried out in the field of in situ gas turbine combustion. An extensive literature review highlighting the state-of-the-art in the field is presented. Several possible solutions for the turbine burner are also included. The objectives and the expected original contributions of the projects conclude the paper.

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